• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation measures on the fired woodland of Chesuk-bong in Mt. Chiri through the vegetation structure and comparison of growth pattern between natural seedlings and transplanted Abies koreana seedlings. It was also discussed the rate of standing and fallen trees of dead conifers in the management strategy for vegetation regeneration and protection of sub-alpine area. In this fired woodland, shrub layers consisting of Weigela subsessilis, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, R. mucronulatum, Tripterygium regelii, and etc. were gradually expanded, and tree species such as Betula ermani, Sorbus commixta, Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Malus baccata var. mandshurica were also regenerated. The growth of height and crown width of Abies koreana seedlings transplanted for vegetation regeneration were a little lower than those of natural seedlings. The seedlings of A. koreana transplanted in this fired woodland grew about 50.6% normally, but the others had multi-branched or growth stopped by death of terminal shoot. Because the number of dead conifers by fire tend to be gradually increased as time passed, it can occurs to the soil erosion and landslide by weakness of the cohesion and resistance of soil. Therefore, it is consider that rehabilitation measures projects of the fired woodland in subalpine area may be more prevention a natural disaster like soil erosion, flood and landslide.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2010

Transplantation of matsutake-infected pine tree into a pine forest has great potential as an artificial cultivation method of Tricholoma matsutake. Matsutake-infected pine trees had previously transplanted by this research group into the experimental area from 2001 to 2004 and its survival rate determined in 2006 was 20%. For the survived samples, the characteristics of mycelial growth and the development of fairy-ring formation of T. matsutake have been evaluated until 2009. It was found that size of the indeterminate ring showed significant differences among the individual trees and varied from $4\;cm\;{\times}\;4\;cm$ to $52\;cm\;{\times}\;35\;cm$. The variation was possibly resulted from the differences in production area of the matsutake-infected pine tree and those in site characteristics of the transplanted spots. For the characteristics of mycelial growth, it grew in the shape of a cudgel or an acute-angled 'V' in early stage, and then the shape became more wider and changed into an obtuse-angled 'V' as time passed. We expect that matsutake mushrooms may occur from the fairy-rings of some of these matsutake-infected pine trees in the autumn of 2010.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.346-351
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• 2007

An efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration protocol was developed for Schisandra chinensis Baill, using embryogenic cell suspensions and optimized media conditions. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from cotyledonary leaf and hypocotyl explants of 7 days old seedlings on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.0 to $4.0\;mg\;l^{-1}$ of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Fast growing and well dispersed embryogenic cell suspensions were developed within two months when embryogenic calli were transferred to MS liquid medium containing $1.0\;mg\;l^{-1}\;2,4-D$. One third strength of MS medium was the best for both overall growth and development of somatic embryos in liquid culture. Over 3400 viable somatic embryos were produced from each 150 ml flask with an initial cell density of 30 mg in 30 ml medium. Germinated somatic embryos developed in liquid medium converted into plantlets after transferred to half-strength MS semi-solid medium. Approximately 90% of the converted plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil and grew into fertile plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2009

For the proper tree management of Taxus cuspidata, distributed in the High 1 Ski Slope construction area in Baekwoonsan, Jeungsun-gun, Kangwon-do, the growing states of 323 trees(including transplanted 57trees) are investigated. Tree height, rootcollar diameter, D.B.H., stem condition, apical shoot, dead branch, needle growth condition, 2-year-old needle loss, root condition, tree form are investigated. Taxus cuspidata are mainly growing at the sites, high elevated mountain ridge or slopes facing north. Growing states of Taxus cuspidata, distributed in Baekwoonsan are relatively better than those of Taxus cuspidata and Abies koreana at other subalpine zone in Korea. Damaged trees are mainly due to root-removal through transplanting, root-damages by raising the ground level and digging. Several methods of Taxus cuspidata conservation were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.564-577
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of establishing a tree nursery at Saemangeum reclaimed land and to classify landscape trees based on the salt tolerance. A tree nursery (2.0 ha) was made in Gunsan Okgu area in 2012 with underground drain lines on the reclaimed land established in 2010. Salt content of the nursery soil within the 60 cm depth in 2013 was 5.13 dS/m and 8.20 dS/m for the pre-desalinated and non-desalinated lands, respectively. Thirty-six woody plant species (22 tree species and 14 shrub species at ages of 1 to 4) with a total of 3,943 individuals were planted in early April, 2013 and their growth performance was monitored until September of the same year. The average survival rate of the transplanted plants was 71.4% in late September, suggesting the high possibility of establishing a tree nursery at the reclaimed land. Based on the survival rate and tree vigor (amount of healthy leaves and crown development), the following 17 species with some salt tolerance were classified into three groups: "salt tolerant group" (3 species, Tamarix chinensis, Cudrania tricuspidata, Ilex serrata), "recommended group" (5 species, Pinus thunbergii, Albizia julibrissin, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Rosa rugosa, Pleioblatus pygmaeus), "plantable group" (9 species, Zelkova serrata, Hibiscus syriacus, Elaeagnus umbellata, Sorbus alnifolia, Sophora japonica, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Quercus acutissima, Ulmus parvifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia). Seven tree species that had been adapted to the reclaimed land for three to four years before being transplanted to new reclaimed land in Gunsan Okgu area showed average survival rate of 98%, suggesting that pre-conditioned trees would survive well in the reclaimed land.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2002

The restoration techniques of large disturbed land containing native forest resources and soil animals were investigated on the new campus area of Kyushu University in Japan. Important techniques to restore native forest and biodiversity in that area are transplantation of existing large trees, transplantation of the forest soil, transplantation of native tree stools, and the reuse of wood and bamboo chips. The benefits can be obtained by using these methods. Firstly, the native genetic resources that would be discarded as part of the land development can be reused. Secondary, the time taken to become a high growth forest as opposed to the practice of planting saplings or grass seeds can be reduced. At last, the native forest ecosystem containing various under-story vegetations and soil animals can be conserved and regenerated. In addition, big and small ponds were constructed in the biodiversity preservation zone to preserve rare plants, rare animals, and native aquatic animals. And these plants and animals were transplanted and moved to ponds.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Infection rate of witches'-broom disease (WB) was observed yearly in transplanted jujube seedlings for 7 years. Seedlings of‘Hongan’grafted either on the rootstock from seed (RS) or on the rootstock from rooting (RR) were planted in separate farms. Occurrence of the disease was determined 4 years after transplanting with the witches'-broom symptom. Only 1 seedling of RS was infected with WB, while 56 seedlings of RR showed WB. Yearly infection rates of WB were observed in several varieties of jujube including‘Boeun’,‘Keumsung’,‘Moodeung’,‘Bokjo’,‘Koori’(10 trees for each in Cheongjoo), and‘Hongan’(165 trees in Boeun). In most varieties, WB first appeared in the third year from transplanting, and in the seventh year, more than 80% of the total tree showed WB. The yearly infection rate of newly infected trees was almost. stable during the first years. However, the ratio sharply increased from the sixth year. The accumulated infection rate of WB increased double, year by year from the third to seventh year. Between Cheongjoo and Boeun, no difference in infection rates was found.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-137
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• 2005

Experiments were conducted to find the optimal acclimatization conditions for Eleutherococcus senticosus plantlets regenerated from bioreactor cultured somatic embryos, various acclimatizing conditions were compared regarding both survival rate and growth of the plantlets. Among the various temperature and artificial soil tested, the highest survival rate (88%) was observed when plantlets were acclimatized in Klasmann bed soil at $10^{\circ}C$ When in vitro plantlets directly transplanted to field environment, shading treatment was necessary and 50% shading was more effective than 30% shading. Transplanting season were also important for successful acclimatization of in vitro cultured plantlets, transplanted on March 20 with 50% shading exhibited the best survival rate and further growth.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1999

This study was investigated to elucidate the growth characteristics of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus grown under different conditions and seasons. The emergence percent of seeds sown in the vinyl house was about 2.2 times better than that in the open field. The plants which had 2 to 3 normal leaves showed the highest value in root setting percent, and the root setting percent was decreased significantly in plants with one normal leaf and 4 to 5 normal leaves. The root setting percent of plants transplanted from April 19 to May 2 was 100%, but plants transplanted at April 4 or from May 17 to June 1 showed lower root setting. Tree percent, plant height. root length and fresh weight of plants grown by transplanting culture were better than those of plants grown by direct seeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

Cuttings based on water media are relatively low-cost and easy to manage compared to those based on soil media. Nevertheless, species that root out in water media are very few. Water-medium rooted cuttings are not widely used. In water media, the survival rate of cuttings is high, but in many cases, they only form callus while not rooting. If cuttings with callus formed in a water medium were to root and survive after being transplanted in soil, water-medium cuttings could be used as an important means of propagating landscape tree species. In this study, cuttings of Ternstroemia japonica having various reactions to water media were soaked in different types of water media. Their callus formation and rooting conditions were analyzed. The water-medium cutting swere then transplanted in soil, and conditions for their survival were examined. The study concluded: 1. Cuttings that only formed callus in water media were able to root and survive after being transplanted. 2. Cuttings with satisfactory callus formation showed more satisfactory survival conditions than those with unsatisfactory callus formation. 3. Cuttings rooted in water media showed a high survival rate of 96.6% after being transplanted. 4. Water-medium cutting of Ternstroemia japonica proved to be more effective in Late July or August than in late June. 5. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours showed better survival conditions than those that were not pre-treated inIBA. 6. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours and soaked in water media with 0.02% atonic, 0.02% polyoxin, and 0.01% polyoxin showed a rooting and survival rate of 80 to 85%. Regardless their low rooting rate, water-medium cuttings can show a high survival rate when these factors are considered: proper cutting time, plant hormone treatment, and types of water media. Accordingly, water-medium cuttings will emerge as major means of propagating landscape tree species that require small volumes of multi-species.