• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.291-296
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• 2012

In this Paper, we propose a multi-hop transmission in cognitive underlay network. In Secondary network, We assume that a secondary source S attempts to transmit D its signal to a secondary destination via N+1 hops with help of N relays $R_1$, $R_2$, ${\ldots}$, $R_N$. At hop k between relay $R_k$ and relay $R_{k+1}$. we assume that there is a primary user $PU_k$. In this paper, we assume that these channels are Rayleigh fading channels. In underlay network, the secondary transmitter has to adapt its power so that the interference caused at the primary user is less than a maximum interference threshold. considering the hop transmission between the transmitter and the repeater, we find transmit power and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). Between the transmitter from the receiver depending on the number of relay in the underlay network, we compared to find the transmit power and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). Finally we find optimal number of relay and optimal threshold value.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.340-350
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• 2016

The performance of large-scale cognitive radio (CR) networks with secondary users sustained by opportunistically harvesting radio-frequency (RF) energy from nearby primary transmissions is investigated. Using an advanced RF energy harvester, a secondary user is assumed to be able to collect ambient primary RF energy as long as it lies inside the harvesting zone of an active primary transmitter (PT). A variable power (VP) transmission mode is proposed, and an energy-based opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) strategy is considered, under which a secondary transmitter (ST) is allowed to transmit only if its harvested energy is larger than a predefined transmission threshold and it is outside the guard zones of all active PTs. The transmission probability of the STs is derived. The outage probabilities and the throughputs of the primary and the secondary networks, respectively, are characterized. Compared with prior work, the throughput can be increased by as much as 29%. The energy-based OSA strategy can be generally applied to a non-CR setup, where distributed power beacons (PBs) are deployed to power coexisting wireless signal transmitters (WSTs) in a wireless powered sensor network.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

This paper analyzes a broadcasting technique for wireless multi-hop sensor networks that uses a form of cooperative diversity called opportunistic large arrays (OLAs). We propose a method for autonomous scheduling of the nodes, which limits the nodes that relay and saves as much as 32% of the transmit energy compared to other broadcast approaches, without requiring global positioning system (GPS), individual node addressing, or inter-node interaction. This energy-saving is a result of cross-layer interaction, in the sense that the medium access control (MAC) and routing functions are partially executed in the physical (PHY) layer. Our proposed method is called OLA with a transmission threshold (OLA-T), where a node compares its received power to a threshold to decide if it should forward. We also investigate OLA with variable threshold (OLA-VT), which optimizes the thresholds as a function of level. OLA-T and OLA-VT are compared with OLA broadcasting without a transmission threshold, each in their minimum energy configuration, using an analytical method under the orthogonal and continuum assumptions. The trade-off between the number of OLA levels (or hops) required to achieve successful network broadcast and transmission energy saved is investigated. The results based on the analytical assumptions are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2011

In interference tolerance based spectrum sharing systems, primary receivers (PRs) are protected by a predefined peak or average interference power constraint. To implement such systems, cognitive radio (CR) transmitters are required to adjust their transmit power so that the interference power received at the PR receivers is kept below the threshold value. Hence, a CR-transmitter requires knowledge of its channel and the primary receiver in order to allocate the transmit power. In practice, it is impossible or very difficult for a CR transmitter to have perfect knowledge of this channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect knowledge of this CSI on the performances of both a primary and cognitive radio network. For fixed transmit power, average interference power (AIP) constraint can be maintained through knowledge of the channel distribution information. To maintain the peak interference power (PIP) constraint, on the other hand, the CR-transmitter requires the instantaneous CSI of its channel with the primary receiver. First, we show that, compared to the PIP constraint with perfect CSI, the AIP constraint is advantageous for primary users but not for CR users. Then, we consider a PIP constraint with imperfect CSI at the CR-transmitter. We show that inaccuracy in CSI reduces the interference at the PR-receivers that is caused by the CR-transmitter. Consequently the proposed schemes improve the capacity of the primary links. Contrarily, the capacities of the CR links significantly degrade due to the inaccuracy in CSI.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.1116-1118
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• 1990

This paper describes the required frequency bandwidth which is used as a measure for the quality of the PFM transmission system to transmit the control signals. First, the PFM signal which has been distorted due to the frequency bandwidth limit on the transmission line is analyzed by Fourier transform and secondly distortion which has been observed at the receiver is numerically analyzed to make the frequency bandwidth required for transmitting the PFM signals. According to the analysis heretofore, the 50% threshold level for shaping the received PFM signal, which is of 50 % in TTL level, is superior than the 10- and 90-% threshold levels.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2001

An adaptive sub-optimal method using a preset threshold for combining partial transmit sequence (PTS) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is presented. The results show that adaptive sub-optimal method reduces the 0.1% PAP by 3.4dB, while iterative flipping method reduces it by 3dB and PTS reduce it by 4.1dB. The complexity of adaptive sub-optimal method is 2.4% of that of PTS method for M=8.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an threshold-based Schur algorithm for estimating the media characteristics of sub-bottom multi-layers by using the signal generated by a parametric array transducer. We use the KZK model to generate a parametric array signal, and use the proposed threshold-based Schur algorithm for estimating the reflection coefficients of multiple sea bottom layers. Using computer simulation, we verify that the difference frequency component generated by the KZK model prevails over the signals of primary frequencies at long range. For the simulation, we use the transmit signal generated by the KZK and the reflected signal obtained from a lattice filter model for the seawater and sub-bottom of multi-level non-homogeneous layers. Through the simulation, we verify that the proposed threshold-based Schur algorithm can give much more accurate and efficient estimates of the reflection coefficients than methods using received signal, matched filter output signal, and normal Schur algorithm output.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

Cooperative diversity system can be applied to an ad-hoc network for reduction of the power consumption, for expansion of the communication range, and for improving the system performance. In a selection relay cooperative diversity system which selects the maximal SNR(Signal-to-noise ratio) relay for transmitting the source information, the selected strong relay transmits continuously under slow fading channel, consequently it reduces the network lifetime. To overcome this defect, recently the uniform power relay selection has been studied to expand the network life time. We apply the uniform power relay selection to a DOT(Double opportunistic transmit) cooperative system that select the transmit relays, of which the SNR of the transmit relays exceed both of the source-relay and the relay-destination threshold. And the performance of the system is analytically derived. The performance comparisons are made among SC(Selection combining), MRC(Maximal ratio combining), and uniform power relay selection of the cooperative diversity system. We noticed that the performance of the uniform power relay selection is inferior to that of others. It is interpreted that the uniform transmit opportunity to the selected relays for extension of the network lifetime degrades the performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.1369-1376
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• 2015

A wireless bridge is essential to transmit control and managing information to sensors or instruments from a central integrated ship area network station. In this paper, a WiMedia Distributed-MAC(D-MAC) protocol is adopted for development of a seamless N-Screen wireless service in Indoor and Ship Area Networks. Furthermore, to provide the OSMU(One Source Multi Use) N-screen service through P2P streaming in the seamless D-MAC protocol, a Dynamic Threshold-based Multicast(DTM) technology is proposed and analyzed. For this technology, a new Hard/Soft Vertical Region(HVR-SVR) based time slot allocation and a multicast resource reservation scheme are combined. From simulation results, proposed DTM scheme expands the number of time slots available for unicast and multicast realtime N-Screen reservations with various service time interval requests. Furthermore, it enhances performances in vewpoints of realtime N-Screen data reservation conflict and throughput.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.11-16
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• 2012

Opportunistic transmit cooperative relaying (OTR) system has been interested for its ability to mitigate the fading in wireless channel without multiple antennas in a small terminal. In OTR system, only the relays that the received Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from a source is greater than the threshold transmit to the destination. However, the receiving branches of a destination in a realistic system is fixed, the excess number of signals from the transmit relays does not improve the system performance and consequently increases power consumption. In this paper, we adopt Double Opportunistic Transmit (DOT) cooperative diversity system which controls the average number of transmit relays. Although the average number of the transmit relays can be controlled by adjusting the two thresholds in DOT system, the instantaneous number of transmit relays is varying in fading channel. Thus we propose Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) or Generalized Selection Combining (GSC) according to the number of the signals from relays at the destination. The outage probability of the proposed system is derived in closed form. The analytical results show that the system performance is improved with the number of the branches. Also it is noticed that when the number of the branches is fixed, the outage probability decreases with the increase of the average SNR of S-R path and R-D path.