• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.82-102
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• 2008

Packet losses tend to occur during short error bursts separated by long periods of relatively error-free transmission. There is also a significant spatial correlation in loss among the receiver nodes in a multicast session. To recover packet transmission errors at the transport layer, tree-based protocols construct a logical tree for error recovery before data transmission is started. The current tree construction scheme does not scale well because it overloads the sender node. We propose a scalable recovery tree construction scheme considering these properties. Unlike the existing tree construction schemes, our scheme distributes some tasks normally handled by the sender node to specific nodes acting as repair node distributors. It also allows receiver nodes to adaptively re-select their repair node when they experience unacceptable error recovery delay. Simulation results show that our scheme constructs the logical tree with reduced message and time overhead. Our analysis also indicates that it provides fast error recovery, since it can reduce the number of additional retransmissions from its upstream repair nodes or sender node.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2004

A new burst mode clock and data recovery circuit is realized that improves the previousldy-known gated-oscilletor technique with half rate clock recovery, The circuit was fabricated with 0.25um CMOS technology, and its functions were confirmed up to 1 Gbps.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

There have been a lot of approaches to evaluate and predict transmission control protocol (TCP) performance in a numerical way. Especially, under the recent advance in wireless transmission technology, the issue of TCP performance over wireless links has come to surface. It is because TCP responds to all packet losses by invoking congestion control and avoidance algorithms, resulting in degraded end-to-end performance in wireless and lossy systems. By several previous works, although it has been already proved that overall TCP performance is largely dependent on its loss recovery performance, there have been few works to try to analyze TCP loss recovery performance with thoroughness. In this paper, therefore, we focus on analyzing TCP's loss recovery performance and have developed a simple model that facilitates to capture the TCP sender's behaviors during loss recovery period. Based on the developed model, we can derive the conditions that packet losses may be recovered without retransmission timeout (RTO). Especially, we have found that TCP Reno can retransmit three packet losses by fast retransmits in a specific situation. In addition, we have proved that successive three packet losses and more than four packet losses in a window always invoke RTO easily, which is not considered or approximated in the previous works. Through probabilistic works with the conditions derived, the loss recovery performance of TCP Reno can be quantified in terms of the number of packet losses in a window.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.685-687
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• 2024

Fiber optic cables are used extensively for remote monitoring in applications under extreme conditions, such as at high temperatures or in ionizing radiation fields. When high temperature fiber optic cables were subjected to gamma irradiations, there was a significant loss in transmission at wavelengths < 350 nm after only 1 minute of irradiation. Negligible recovery of the fiber optic transmission with time was observed over 2 years, but the irradiation damage was almost completely reversed by high temperature annealing at 400 ℃.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권6B호
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• pp.867-874
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• 2010

무선 센서 네트워크에서는 멀티 홉 전송동안 높은 패킷 손실률이 발생하기 때문에 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송방안이 필요하다. 특히, 화재 경보 시스템과 같은 event-driven 데이터가 발생하는 경우, 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 위해서는 손실된 패킷을 복원하기 위한 재전송 방안이 제공되어야 한다. 손실된 데이터의 재전송은 데이터를 캐쉬하고 있는 노드에 요청이 되기 때문에, 데이터를 캐쉬하고 있는 노드는 모든 데이터 패킷을 버퍼에서 유지하고 있어야 한다. 그러나 일반적으로 센서 네트워크의 노드들은 제한된 자원을 가지 있다. 따라서 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 위해서는 손실 패킷의 재전송 방안과 노드의 버퍼 관리 기법이 함께 제공되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 전송 데이터의 신뢰도에 따라 데이터의 캐쉬지점을 결정하여 손실된 데이터를 복원하는 손실 복원 기법을 사용하는 데이터 전송에서의 효율적인 버퍼 관리기법을 제안하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안하는 방안의 우수성을 검증하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권7B호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2004

국내 무선 네트워크 환경은 사용자의 서비스 요구 수용과 시장 성장으로 인해 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이에 따라 무선 구간에서 TCP(transmission control protocol)를 이용한 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송도 늘어날 전망이다. TCP는 유선 네트워크에서 사용함을 가정으로 만들어졌기 때문에 무선에서 발생할 수 있는 비 혼잡 손실에 의해 많은 성능 저하를 겪을 수 있다. 특히 RTO(retransmission timeout)은 TCP의 성능에 많은 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 송신단에서 fast recovery과정 중에 발생한 패킷 손실을 빠르게 감지하여 RTO없이 복구함으로써 성능저하를 줄일 수 있는 DAC$^{＋}$(Duplicate Acknowledgement Counting)와 EFR(Extended Fast Recovery)을 제안한다. 제안 알고리듬을 TCP NewReno와 비교했을 때 정상 상태에서 fast recovery 확률이 높고, 이에 따른 RTO 감소로 인해 response time이 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2011

In this paper, a newsynchronization technique applied to burst-mode communication is proposed. A synchronization technique is to estimate carrier frequency and phase offsets in a noisy channel environment. A fundamental problem for estimating the parameters(carrier phase and frequency offsets) in burst-mode transmission is that the ways of pursuing estimation accuracy and transmission efficiency are always trade-off. To solve this problem, a new carrier recovery technique is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency with reliable performance especially at low S/N. In the proposed technique, the synchronization parameters are first estimated based on a data-aided feed-forward estimation scheme. Then, a phase tracker using decision-directed DPLL estimates the phase offset for the data portion of the burst data. From simulation results, it shows fast synchronization with shorter preamble maintaining reasonable BER performance at low S/N.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.429-432
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• 2002

The existing recovery technique using the logging technique in the client/sewer database system only administers the log as a whole in a server. This contains the logging record transmission cost on the transaction that is executed in each client potentially and increases network traffic. In this paper, the logging technique for redo-only log is suggested, which removes the redundant before-image and supports the client-based logging to eliminate the transmission cost of the logging record. Also, in case of a client crash, redo recovery through a backward client analysis log is performed in a self-recovering way. In case of a server crash, the after-image of the pages which needs recovery through simultaneous backward analysis log is only transmitted and redo recovery is done through the received after-image and backward analysis log. Also, we select the comparing model to estimate the performance about the proposed recovery technique. And we analyzed the redo and recovery time about the change of the number of client and the rate of updating operation.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.741-746
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• 2012

인터넷에서 널리 사용되고 있는 수송 계층 프로토콜인 TCP(transmission control protocol)의 혼잡제어(congestion control) 기능은 손실된 패킷을 감지하고 복구하기 위한 손실 복구(loss recovery) 과정을 포함한다. 손실 복구 과정은 fast retransmit와 fast recovery 두 개의 알고리듬으로 이루어지는데 불필요한 재전송 타임아웃을 방지하기 위한 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 그 결과로 최근에는 선택 승인(selective acknowledgement) 옵션과 제한 전송(limited transmit) 기법이 제안되어 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)의 표준 문서로 채택되었다. 최근에는 재전송된 패킷이 다시 손실되는 경우 발생하는 타임아웃을 방지하기 위한 재전송 손실 복구(lost retransmission detection)를 위한 방법이 제시되었다. 그러나 아직 재전송 손실 복구 기능의 TCP 혼잡 윈도우의 가장 기본적인 동작 원칙인 AIMD (additive increase multiplicative decrease) 측면에서의 분석이 되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이를 고려한 재전송 손실 복구 알고리듬의 동작을 시뮬레이션을 통해 평가한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2007

Overhead transmission lines are completely exposed to the environment. This causes faults in transmission lines due to natural environmental conditions. In some cases, transmission towers are damaged by typhoons and snow, as well as sleet on the transmission lines. It takes a lot of time to repair the damaged towers. For emergency restoration purposes, steel poles are installed to temporarily supply power. Before 2003, emergency restoration steel poles were made of angled steel, which required a large number of beams, bolts, etc. In addition, the foundation of the steel pole and ground wire was constructed using excavation and burial methods, therefore it required a lot of manpower and time to construct temporary transmission lines. In September 2003, typhoon Maemi, whose maximum wind speed was 60m/s, hit Korea. 'Maemi' destroyed transmission lines in the Busan and Geojea area, causing long blackouts. To reduce the recovery time to the damaged transmission lines, self-build based emergency towers were developed. self-build based emergency towers reduced recovery time from 24 hours to 4 hours or less. However, the self-build based emergency tower had no arms, so the temporary transmission lines could only be constructed without curves in line routes. In this paper, solving these self-build based emergency tower limitations, using insulated arms(designed for use with the self-build based emergency tower), shall be explained.