• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2010

The National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) was performed population health checkup survey program with especially two target ages, 40 years and 66 years old that were called as "life transition period" for national collective prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases in Korea. We were investigated and compared between two age groups with the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride from data of the survey in Daegu province, Korea at April, 2007. Data of one hundred persons per each age (40 years and 66 years old) were collected and investigated for risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases including serum lipid concentration, health habits of drinking, smoking, exercise etc. In spite of the definite difference of life transition of the each age, the transition from adolescence to adulthood at 40 years old, and from adulthood to senescence at 66 years old, there were no significant difference of total cholesterol and triglyceride between two age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.145-164
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand how late middle-aged women in our society view and adapt to “aging”. This is a crucial step forward linking two stages, the growing young age and the declining old age, which eventually improves the qualify of life in old a9e. This qualitative study used Personal narratives extracted from tape-recorded interviews of 20 late middle-aged women in their fifties and analyzed key experiences of late middle-aged women in their transition to old age. Participants were observed to perceive not only many limitations but also alternative potentialities. First, the major challenges due to the closing young era were ‘physical declines’, including health problems and wrinkles, and ‘leaving children’. Second, the potentialities to start a new era also could be found. Many participants found themselves to be generous enough to assist others in need. In addition, they looked to adapt to new challenges. It was likely that the many adversities that they had faced made them resilient. These results show that late middle-aged women were actively negotiating with themselves and their surroundings in order to overcome their losses, maintain their potentialities, and, in the process, acknowledge their impending old age for better preparation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.185-212
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• 2012

This study examines changes in income inequality and income mobility associated with a transition to old age. In understanding the dynamics of income distribution over the later life course, it is important to explore the changes in income dispersion and the changes in relative income positions jointly. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) 2nd, 7th, 12th wave. The results are as follows. First, a transition to old age is associated with an increase in income inequality. The Gini index of inequality increased steadily over the life course. Second, a transition to old age is associated with substantial income mobility. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between two periods was the lowest at the time of the transition. Increasing income dispersion and significant income mobility can be conceptualized as "income insecurity", since the older population are less likely to cope with income fluctuations. Third, in explaining such changes over time, changes in work life during old age and a subsequent decrease in earnings seem to be the most influential factor.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.385-432
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• 2017

This paper investigates how firm age, size and ownership are related with job creation and destruction, and how these patterns differ across transition and non-transition economies. The analysis finds that age is inversely related with gross job creation and net job creation in the two samples. This finding is consistent with the theory of the learning effect. The relationship between age and job destruction is indifferent in non-transition economies. On the contrary, old firms in transition economies destroy more jobs than young ones. The paper further establishes an inverse relationship between size and gross job creation in the two groups. However, there is divergence between the two samples; small firms in non-transition economies also exhibit a higher gross job destruction rate. Consequently large firms have a higher net job creation rate. In transition economies, small and large firms exhibit similar rates of job destruction. But small firms retain a higher net job creation rate. A more intriguing finding is that state owned firms do not underperform domestic private ones. This means these countries may be using soft budget constraint which allows state owned firms to overstaff. Finally, crowding out of SMEs by foreign owned firms is not evident in transition economies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

This study examined the relationship between transition in living arrangement and life satisfaction outcomes among older adults in Korea. This study utilized the secondary data of 2 waves(2005-2011) of a Korean Retirement and Income Study from the National Pension Research Institute. This study categorized living arrangement transition over time into 16 categories and used generalized the estimation equation(GEE) modeling to examine the relationship between living arrangement transition group membership and life satisfaction. The results showed that transition in living arrangement in old age was partly and significantly associated with life satisfaction in later life. In particular, the best living arrangement type in older adults in terms of life satisfaction was the coresidence with spouse compared with residence alone or residence with their children. The group of residence with their children was not related to higer satisfaction. More research is needed to explore the mechanism behind older people's trajectory in transition in living arrangement.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic features of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) between adolescents and middle-old aged patients. Methods: The subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral Medicine of Pusan National University Hospital and were diagnosed with TMJ OA by clinical exam, X-ray and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from 2010 to 2011. We investigated 93 adolescent patients (12-19 years) and 53 middle-old aged (>45 years) patients who observed the erosive bony changes in TMJ. CBCT scans were retaken at intervals at an average of 8 months. Results: The adolescent patients showed unilateral degenerative changes more often, and the middle-old aged patients showed degenerative changes more frequently on both sides. The transition of bone changes to the improved group occurred most commonly in both the adolescent and middle-old aged patients. The adolescent patients were more likely to improve than middle-old aged patients. In the adolescent patients, loss of erosion and subjective symptoms occurred in shorter periods than in the middle-old aged patients. In the adolescent patients, the transition of erosion was distributed into proliferative, normal, and shortening in order. In the middle-old aged patients, the transition of erosion was distributed into shortening, proliferative, and normal in order. Conclusions: The clinical and radiographic features of TMJ OA are a significantly different between the adolescent and middle-old aged patients. Moreover, the difference by age of the adaptive and regenerative capacity of TMJ affects the prognosis of TMJ OA and adolescent patients have a better prognosis after treatment.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.169-185
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• 1988

Vessel elements in lateral root, tap root, transition region, stem and mid vein of 1-year old, 3-year old and 5-year old ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) are studied with light microscope to clarify the distribution and differentiation of several kinds of vessel elements. Vessel elements are classified into five types such as ring vessel, spiral vessel, scalariform vessel, reticulate vessel and pitted vessel according to the secondary thickenings of cell wall. All of the five types are not observed in each organ, but diverse kinds of vessels are present in stem and mid vein compared with the underground organs such as tap root and lateral root. The length of vessel elements is longest (680$\mu$m) in stem and shortest (143$\mu$m) in tap root. The diameter of vessel elements is 19.0$\mu$m in tap root and the angle of perforation plate comes under 22$^{\circ}$-60$^{\circ}$. The degree of differentiation of vessel elements according to the length, diameter and angle of perforation plate of vessel elements is highest in tap root regardless of the age of ginseng. Three types of perforation plate such as scalariform, intermediate type of simple and scalariform, and simple perforation plate are observed. The vascular tracheids are characteristically observed in mid vein of 1-year old ginseng, and in transition region of 3 and 5-year old ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-178
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• 2012

Although the rate of self-employment is high in Korean labor market and the rate gap between age groups is high, few studies have addressed on the effects of push factors on transition into self-employment across age groups. The goal of this research is to determine if push factors exert different effects on the self-employment decisions across age groups. There is interest in testing push hypothesis and pull hypothesis. The Korean Labor and Income Panel Study wave 6~11 is used to test this study's hypothesis. The main contribution of the paper is that in case of high unemployment, the probability of transition into self-employment increases. It is consistent with the push hypothesis. Many people are forced to become self-employed person due to the high rate of unemployment and limited occupational choice rather than the role of entrepreneurship. By age subgroup, the transition into self-employment of the ages of 30 and 49 is high. In addition, people at 40-49 years of age are more likely to become self-employed as a response of inadequate job opportunities. It provides the evidence that the self-employment is not a matter of special age group in that people in the 30 to 49 year old age group whose economic activities are vigorous move into marginalized labor market. Furthermore, it seems to be threatened the employment's stability of the prime age in that even people who are age 40-49 years of age are pushed into self-employment because of the recession.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.440-452
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for use in development of strategy for healthy aging preparation and successful transfer to old age by identifying factors influencing quality of life of the baby boom generation. Methods: The data were collected from a total of 205 members of the baby boom generation(aged 48 to 56), and analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS(Version19.0) program. Results: Burden for taking care of children, aging anxiety, preparations for old age, and quality of life according to the general characteristics and health-related characteristics commonly showed a significant difference in education level and presence of stress. The greater the more burden for taking care of children and the deeper the aging anxiety, the lower the quality of life, and the better prepared for aging, the higher the quality of life. Factors affecting quality of life in the baby boom generation included preparations for old age, burden for taking care of children, monthly household income, and quality of sleep. Explanatory power was 32%. Conclusion: For successful transition to old age and for improvement of quality of life in the baby boom generation, a comprehensive approach in micro and macro dimensions will be sought.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.131-156
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. Method: A study sample was composed of 870 mothers whose first child was younger than one-year old from the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2008(mean age=30.1, SD = 3.69). The descriptive statistics of parenting education participation were presented. In addition, negative binomial and logistic regression models were used in Stata13 in order to examine the variables related to parenting education participation of mothers in the transition to parenthood. Results: Approximately 82% of the mothers reported that they had participated in at least one parenting education program. Further, mother's educational level, monthly household income, mother's working experience, and community type generally predicted parenting education participation of mothers. However, the effects of these variables varied by the subjects and the providing institutions. Conclusion: This study provides the overall picture of parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. The findings can be utilized to plan more effective parenting education programs for new parents.