• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals including domesticated ruminants and pigs. Acute clinical signs may be mild in sheep and goats but are associated with lameness in pigs and mouth lesions with vesicles in cattle. The required condition for a successful pathogen appears to be the ability to counteract both the host innate and adaptive immune response. FMD virus (FMDV) inhibits the induction of antiviral molecules and interferes with the secretory pathway in the infected cell. The surface expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules is reduced in infected cells. Thus, the ability of the host to recognize and eliminate virus infected cells is decreased. Furthermore, FMDV infection results in a rapid, but transient lymphopenia, reducing the number of T and B cells, and affecting T cell function. The virus appears to premature apoptosis-mediated cell death because it has a very short replication cycle and is able to rapidly produce large amounts of virus. FMDV engages the host protective response at multiple steps to ensure its effective replication and pathogenesis. This review describes the recent pathological and immunological studies to overcome the powerful abilities of FMDV to counteract defense mechanism of host.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2003

This paper proposes a novel simulation method of WPGS (Wind Power Generation System). The rotation speed control method of turbine under variable wind speed using the pitch control is proposed. Moreover, when wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed, the turbine will be stopped by controlling pitch angle to 90$^{\circ}$, otherwise it will be controlled to steady-state operation. For the purpose of effective simulation, the SWRW (Simulation method for WPGS using Real Weather condition) is used for the utility interactive WPGS simulation in this paper, in which those of three topics for the WPGS simulation: user-friendly method, applicability to grid-connection and the utilization of the real weather conditions, are satisfied. It is impossible to consider the real weather conditions in the WPGS simulation using the EMTP type of simulators and PSPICE, etc. External parameter of the real weather conditions is necessary to ensure the simulation accuracy. The simulation of the WPGS using the real weather conditions including components modeling of wind turbine system is achieved by introducing the interface method of a non-linear external parameter and FORTRAN using PSCAD/EMTDC in this paper. The simulation of long-term, short-term, over cut-out and under cut-out wind speeds will be peformed by the proposed simulation method effectively. The efficiency of wind power generator, power converter and flow of energy are analyzed by wind speed of the long-term simulation. The generator output and current supplied into utility can be obtained by the short-term simulation. Finally, transient-state of the WPGS can be analyzed by the simulation results of over cut-out and under cut-out wind speeds, respectively.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.327-330
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• 2006

This paper represents the numerical analysis on effects of radius ratio in a concentric annulus with a rotating inner cylinder. The numerical model consisted of two cylinder which inner cylinder is rotating and outer cylinder is fix, and the axial direction is used the cyclic condition because of the length for axial direction is assumed infinite. The diameter of inner cylinder is assumed 86.8mm, the numerical parameters are angular velocity and radius ratio. Also, the whole walls of numerical model have no-slip and the working fluid is used water at $20^{\circ}C$. The numerical analysis is assumed the transient state to observe the flow variations by time and the 3-D cylindrical coordinate system. The calculation grid adopted a non-constant grid for dense arrangement near the wall side of cylinder, the standard $k-{\omega}$ high Reynolds number model to consider the effect of turbulence flow and wall, the fully implicit method for time term and the quick scheme for momentum equation. The numerical method is compared with the experimental results by Wereley and Lueptow, and the results are very good agreement. As the results, TVF isn't appeared when Re is small because of the initial flow instability is disappear by effect of the centrifugal force and viscosity. The vortex size is from 0.8 to 1.1 for TVF at various $\eta$, and the traveling distance for wavy vortex have the critical traveling distance for each case.

• 대기
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2008

The global time slice approach is a transient experiment using high resolution atmosphere-only model with boundary condition from the low resolution globally coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The present study employs this "time slice concept" using ECHAM4 atmosphere-only model at a horizontal resolution of T106 with the lower boundary forcing obtained from a lower-resolution (T42) greenhouse gas + aerosol forcing experiment performed using the ECHO-G/S (ECHAM4/HOPE-G) coupled model. In order to assess the impact of horizontal resolution on simulated East Asian summer monsoon climate, the differences in climate response between the time slice experiments of the present and that of IPCC SRES AR4 participating 21 models including coarser (T30) coupled model are compared. The higher resolution model from time slice experiment in the present climate show successful performance in simulating the northward migration and the location of the maximum rainfall during the rainy season over East Asia, although its rainfall amount was somewhat weak compared to the observation. Based on the present climate simulation, the possible change of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall in the future climate by the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, tends to be increased especially over the eastern part of Japan during July and September. The increase of the precipitation over this region seems to be related with the weakening of northwestern part of North Pacific High and the formation of anticyclonic flow over the south of Yangtze River in the future climate.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2016

The use of gas as fuel, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG), has increased in recent years owing to its lower sulfur and particulate emissions compared to fuel oil or marine diesel oil. LNG is a low temperature, volatile fuel with very low flash point. The major challenges of using LNG are related to fuel bunkering, storing, and handling during ship operation. The main components of an LNG fuel system are the bunkering equipment, fuel tanks, vaporizers/heaters, pressure build-up units (PBUs), and gas controlling units. Low-pressure dual-fuel (DF) engines are predominant in small LNG-powered vessels and have been operating in many small- and medium-sized ferries or LNG-fueled generators.(Tamura, K., 2010; Esoy, V., 2011[1][2]) Small ships sailing at coast or offshore rarely have continuous operation at constant engine load in contrast to large ships sailing in the ocean. This is because ship operators need to change the engine load frequently due to various obstacles and narrow channels. Therefore, controlling the overall system performance of a gas supply system during transient operations and decision of bunkering time under a very poor infrastructure condition is crucial. In this study, we analyzed the fuel consumption, the system stability, and the dynamic characteristics in supplying fuel gas for operating conditions with frequent engine load changes using a commercial analysis program. For the model ship, we selected the 'Econuri', Asia's first LNG-powered vessel, which is now in operation at Incheon Port of South Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2011

Purpose: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a relatively uncommon type of stress-induced cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities. Emotional and physical stresses play a key role in this type of cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women. The current hypothesis is that the syndrome represents a form of catecholamine surge due to stress or epinephrine-mediated acute myocardial stunning. Methods: A 44-year-old woman had suffered premature ventricular contraction following a cardiogenic shock during a breast augmentation surgery under enflurane anesthesia and tumescent solution infiltration. She was treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation at a local clinic. Then she was brought to the Emergency Department of the authors' hospital. Results: The woman's echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 20~25% with associated basal hyperkinesis and left ventricular apical ballooning. The patient was admitted to the ICU and required inotropic support for two weeks. The patient's condition dramatically improved, and her ejection fraction returned to 70%. Conclusion: It is believed that there were multiple triggering factors of the onset of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the woman's social and family history, including infiltration of a large volume of the tumescent solution and VPCs induced by enflurane anesthesia without premedication. The importance of careful history-taking, careful pre-operative consultation on psychological suffering especially for breast surgery, premedication before surgery, patient reassurance, and post-operative psychosocial and emotional assistance was again seen in this case.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.11-116
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 영전압 스위칭에 의해 스위칭 손실과 전압 스트레스로 줄이는 토폴로지를 제안하였다. 일반적으로 스위칭 모드 변환시에는 과도한 전압과 전류가 기생 성분에 의해서 발생하는데 이것은 전압 스트레스와 전력 손실을 발생시켜 전원 장치의 성능에 영향을 미치어 전체 효율이 감소한다. 실제로 플라이백 컨버터에서 스위치의 천이 첨두 전압과 전류는 기생성분에 의해서 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 보완하기 위하여 보조회로를 이용한 영전압 스위칭 플라이백 컨버터를 제안한다. 기존의 플라이백 토폴로지에 보조 회로를 추가하여 전력 손실을 감소시키고 스위칭 전압 스트레스를 최소로 하였다. 보조 회로 내에 스너버 캐패시터는 주 스위치의 온·오프시 제어 전압 변화시간에 의해 영전압 스위칭을 가능하게 하여 전압 스트레스 및 전력 손실을 감소시킨다. 본 논문에서는 회로의 세부적인 분석을 하고 동작과정을 설명하였고 500W, 100㎑ 대의 보조회로를 사용한 영전압 스위칭 플라이백 컨버터를 설계하여 기존의 하드 스위칭 플라이백 컨버터와의 효율을 비교하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1988년도 학술세미나 강연집
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• pp.3-67
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• 1988

Model studies on the response of homgeneous earth embankment dams subjected to strike-slip fault movement have been penomed via centrifuge and finite element analysis. The centrifuge model tests have shown that crack development in earth embankment experiences two major patters: shear failure deep inside the embankment and tension failure near the surface. The shear rupture zone develops from the base level and propagates upward continuously in the transverse direction but allows no open leakage chnnel. The open tensile cracks develop near the surface of the embankment, but they disappear deep in the embankment. The functional relationship has been developed based on the results of the centrifuge model tests incorporating tile variables of amount of fault movement, embankment geometry, and crack propagation extent in earth des. This set of information can be used as a guide line to evaluate a "transient" safety of the duaged embankment subjected to strike-slip fault movement. The finite element analysis has supplemented the additional expluations on crack development behavior identified from the results of the centrifuge model tests. The bounding surface time-independent plasticity soil model was employed in the numerical analysis. Due to the assumption of continuum in the current version of the 3-D FEM code, the prediction of the soil structure response beyond the failure condition was not quantitatively accurate. However, the fundamental mechanism of crack development was qualitatively evaluated based on the stress analysis for the deformed soil elements of the damaged earth embankment. The tensile failure zone is identified when the minor principal stress of the deformed soil elements less than zero. The shear failure zone is identified when the stress state of the deformed soil elements is at the point where the critical state line intersects the bounding surface.g surface.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권12호
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• pp.1668-1677
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• 2013

This paper deals with the power loss and thermal characteristics of induction motor for machine tools according to the rated power and speed. To reduce the fabrication error by thermal strain in rotational machine tools, we calculated the power loss and thermal behavior of induction motors. Firstly, the inverse design of general induction motors for machine tool spindle has been performed. The inverse design results are compared with the torque-speed characteristic curve in motor's catalog. The power loss are calculated by finite element method(FEM) at rated condition. Secondary, the transient thermal characteristics of induction motors are calculated by equivalent thermal resistance model from Motor-CAD S/W. The inverse design, power loss and thermal behavior calculation for induction motors with various rated power and speed has been performed. Finally, to verify the design and calculation process of induction motor, we implemented the experimental set with 0.4kW 1710rpm class industrial induction motor model. The obtained thermal characteristics of experimental model confirmed that the design and power loss calculation processes are appropriate to the prediction of thermal strain in rotational machine tools.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2014

소형인공위성에 적용을 목적으로 전기추진시스템의 연료공급부가 개발되었다. 연료공급부는 연료로 사용되는 제논을 높은 압력과 밀도의 가스상태로 저장하게 된다. 제논은 상온에서 임계점을 갖는데 발사환경에서 과도상태로 시스템에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 발사환경에 대한 본 시스템의 기능적 구조적 안정성은 지상시험을 통한 검증이 필요하다. 본문에서는 연료공급부의 설계점과 검증시험내용을 논하고 시험결과를 정리하였다. 검증시험을 통해 본 시스템이 발사환경에 대하여 안정성을 확보하고 있는 것을 확인하였다.