• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2005

We developed alginate beads loaded with transforming growth $factor-{\beta}_{1}(TGF-{\beta}_{1})$ to examine the possible application of the scaffold and cytokine carrier in tissue engineering. In this study, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and $TGF{\beta}_{1}$ were uniformly encapsulated in the alginate beads and then cultured in vitro. The cell morphology and shape of the alginate beads were observed using inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), histological staining and RT-PCR to confirm chondrogenic differentiation. The amount of the $TGF{\beta}_{1}$ released from the $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads was analyzed for 28 days in vitro in a phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at $37^{\circ}C$. We observed the release profile of $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ from $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads with a sustained release pattern for 35 days. Microscopic observation showed the open cell pore structure and abundant cells with a round morphology in the alginate beads. In addition, histology and RT-PCR results revealed the evidence of chondrogenic differentiation in the beads. In conclusion, these results confirmed that $TGF-{\beta}_{1}$ loaded alginate beads provide excellent conditions for chondrogenic differentiation.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2001

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2018

Objectives : In Traditional Korean Medicine, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has diverse pharmacological activities to treat impotence, forgetfulness, cataract and exophthalmos. Present study investigated anti-fibrogenic effects of E. koreanum water extract (EKE) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Methods : To study anti-fibrogenic effects of EKE, LX-2 cells, a human immortalized HSCs, were pre-treated with $3-300{\mu}g/mL$ of EKE, and then subsequently exposed to 5 ng/mL of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$). Expression level of ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin was determined by immunoblot analysis. Phosphorylation of Smad, transactivation of Smad, and expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were monitored to investigate the effect of EKE on $TGF-{\beta}1-mediated$ signaling pathway. Results : Up to $100{\mu}g/mL$, EKE did not show any cytotoxicity on LX-2 cells. Pre-treatment of EKE ($100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin expression induced by $TGF-{\beta}1$. In addition, EKE significantly decreased Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylations, Smad binding element-driven luciferase activity and PAI-1 expression by $TGF-{\beta}1$. Of three flavonoid compounds found in EKE, only quercertin ($30{\mu}M$) attenuated $TGF-{\beta}1-mediated$ PAI-1 expression. Conclusion : These results suggest that EKE has an ability to suppress fibrogenic process in HSCs via inhibition of $TGF-{\beta}1/Smad$ signaling pathway.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

Ganoderan (GAN), an immunomodulating ${\beta}$-glucan from mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, was evaluated for its ability to induce formation of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$) from rat Kupffer cell in vitro. Hepatic macrophages activated by GAN significantly elevated concentration of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ in cultured medium, but not significantly elevated that of TGF-${\beta}$. GAN-activated Kupffer cells secrete 14.9${\mu}$M (p<0.01) of NO and 2619.5${\rho}$g/ml (p<0.01) of TNF-${\alpha}$after 36hr of incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The results revealed that GAN enhanced 4-fold production of NO and 19 fold formation of TNF-${\alpha}$ compared to the control. The proliferation of GAN-activated Kupffer cells was inhibited as compared with its negative control. Comparing the activity among glucans derived from microorganisms, highly branched zymosan, glucomannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO production. These results indicate that the ${\beta}$-glucan from G. lucidum activates rat Kupffer cell and secretes NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. It also suggest that rat Kupffer cell posses certain receptor for ${\beta}$-anomeric glucan.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

An extracellular matrix protein, transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp/βig-h3), which is induced by transforming growth factor-β in the human cornea, skin, and matrix of many connective tissues, is associated with the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells. TGFBIp contains four homologous repeat domains, known as FAS1 domains, where certain mutations have been considered to cause corneal dystrophies. In this study, backbone NMR assignments of FAS1-3/FAS1-4 tandem domain were obtained and compared with those previously known for the isolated FAS1-4 domain. The results corroborate in solution the inter-domain interaction between FAS1-3 and FAS1-4 in TGFBIp.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2429-2434
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• 2016

Transforming growth factor-B1 ($TGF-{\beta}1$ )and its coreceptor endoglin (ENG) have been shown to contribute to hepatocellular tumor development and malignant progression. Our aim was to evaluate the serum expression levels of $ENG/TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNAs and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic Egyptian patients. Our study included 77 subjects. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression level of ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$mRNAs. The relative expression ratio of ENG mRNA was 0.82 (0.1 -3.2), 0.66 (0.15-5.3), 0.38(0.007-2.8) and 0.12 (0.00-0.22) and the relative expression ratio of $TGF-{\beta}1$mRNA was 1.4 (0.19 -6.2), 1.2 (0.22-4.3), 1.0 (0.15-4.4) and 0.6 (0.00-2.2) for cirrhotic HCC cirrhotic, HCC only and healthy control groups respectively. Increased ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA gene expression was correlated with TNM clinical stage. The expression ratio in TNM stage III-IV 1.1 (0.07-3.2), 1.55 (0.15-6.2) was statistically significantly higher than that in stage I-II 0.47 (0.007-2.8), 1.0 (0.31-4.4) (P<0.05). Our data suggested that increased ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ gene expression may participate in hepatocarcinogenesis and increased risk of HCC in individuals with cirrhosis. Early screening for evidence of cirrhosis and consideration of ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ as targets for therapy and treatment strategies are warranted.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2002

We investigated the long term effects of Sopungsungi-won (SP), a Korean traditional formula used for senile constipation and diabetes mellitus, on the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. ZDF rats were fed regular laboratory chow mixed with SP or rosiglitazone (RSG) for an 8-week period. Kidney hypertrophy was developed with increasing plasma glucose level, and glomerular hypertrophy was improved by 22% and 45% in SP- and RSG-treated rats, respectively. Urinary glucose and albumin excretions were also significantly lower in SP-treated rats than in ZDF control rats. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ (TGF ${\beta}1$)-fibronectin pathway in kidney, responsible for glomerular dysfunction, was markedly blunted by SP treatment in a dose dependent manner. Our findings, for the first time, provide strong evidence that long-term administration of SP formula prevents the development and progression of DN in ZDF rats. Human trials are needed to confirm these experimental results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

연구배경 : 폐결핵의 치료 후에도 폐의 섬유화, 기관지확장증, 공동 등의 구조적 변화와 이로 인한 폐기능의 악화가 발생하는 경우가 있지만, 이러한 폐결핵의 합병증에 대한 발병기전에 대해 거의 알려진 것이 없다. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)은 손상 받은 조직의 정상적인 치유과정의 매개체와 세기관지주위 섬유화에 주요한 기여인자로서 작용한다고 알려졌다. 저자들은 폐결핵의 영상학적 진행 및 폐기능의 변화와 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대상 환자 35명 중 남자가 17명, 여자가 18명이었고 연령분포는 22세에서 65세로 중앙값은 46세였다 모든 환자에서 폐결핵 치료 전에 혈청과 기관지폐포 세첵액(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)를 폐결핵 치료 이전에 채취하여 $TGF-{\beta}1$을 측정하였으며 폐기능검사와 고해상도 흉부전산화단층촬영(high resolution computed tomography, HRCT)을 치료 전과 후에 시행하여 비교분석하였다. 기관지폐포 세척액의 식염수와의 희석정도를 보정하기 위해 epithelial lining fluid (ELF) 용적을 알부민 교정방법에 구하여 기관지폐포 세척액에서 $TGF-{\beta}1$의 농도를 교정하였다 결 과: 치료 전의 BAL $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 치료 전의 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 점수와는 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며 치료 전의 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.46, p<0.01). 6개월간의 치료기간 동안 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 변화및 폐기능의 변화와는 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도가 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 폐결핵에서 치료 전 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동의 진행 정도와 관련이 있었지만 이의 확인을 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4683-4688
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• 2012

Aim: To investigate the association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$) C-509T polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer by means of meta-analysis. Methods: An extensive search was performed to identify eligible case-control studies investigating such a link. The strength of the association between TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T polymorphism and cancer risk was assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs) in fixed or random effects models. Results: 55 published case-control studies with a total number of 21,639 cases and 28,460 controls were included. Overall, there was no association between TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T and cancer risk in all genetic comparison models (TT vs. CC: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.89-1.15; T vs. C: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.94-1.07). However, a stratified analysis by cancer type indicated -509 T allele was significantly associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.76-0.95), especially for Caucasians (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.71-0.98) and for population-based studies (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.68-0.89). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T polymorphism might contribute to a decreased risk on colorectal cancer susceptibility, especially for Caucasians.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한불임학회 1997년도 제34차 추계 학술대회
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 1997