• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2017

This study investigated the key role of sketches in creative fashion design by observing the cognitive process of idea development through a professional's design problem solving using the medium of hand sketching. The three-part semi-constrained design experiment with a professional designer, in which the participant designer was provided a source of inspiration image and asked to design a small collection of outfits, identified a fashion designer's idea development process as involving two phases of sketch processes: lateral and vertical transformation. Analysis of the video/audio recording and corresponding interviews validated lateral transformation in the designer's use of sketches to represent interpretation of the provided inspiration source. Through sketching, the designer transferred fuzzy ideas onto paper. Vertical transformation was observed through the designer's modification of previous ideas after reflecting on earlier sketches, with various ideas divided, manipulated, discarded, regrouped, and combined through sketching activities. The designer's sketching process is valuable design knowledge that facilitates the idea development process and ultimately triggers generation of creative ideas. Understanding it may benefit practitioners and educators.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to find out the degree of formation of the concept of density for the junior high students. The changing pattern of concept in acquiring the concept of density and the degree of development of INRC transformation ability related to the concept of density were also analyzed according to cognitive level and teaching method. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The experimental group were more effective than control group in the formation of the concept of density. 2) Even though students had been taught the concept of density, the various types of preconception were remained and persisted. Especially, the students at concrete level had persisted misconceptions and these misconceptions had been changed to the other misconceptions. 3) In the degree of the formation of the transformation ability of INRC group related to the concept of density in solid phase, the experimental group developed much better on both the abilities of Reciprocal transformation, Correlative transformation and the abilities to manipulate two variables such as volume and mass than control group. 4) The correlation coefficient between GALT score and achivement of the concept of density was 0.67. The correlation coefficient between achivement of the concept of density and the formation the transformation of INRC group related to the concept of density was 0.78.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2005

소프트웨어 아키텍처는 복잡 다양한 소프트웨어 시스템을 개발하는 데 있어서 개발될 소프트웨어의 품질 달성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 핵심 설계로서 인식되고 있다. 따라서 아키텍처 기반의 소프트웨어 개발에서 고품질 소프트웨어 개발을 위하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처에 대한 변형이 필수적으로 요구된다. 그러나 아키텍처 변형 시 적용 가능한 설계 대안들의 다양성과 그것들이 아키텍처에 미치는 결과에 대한 예측의 어려움으로 인하여, 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 적용하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 그러므로 다양한 설계 대안들이 아키텍처에 미치는 결과를 이해하고 분석하는 것을 통하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 지원하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 체계적으로 지원하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 소프트웨어 아키텍처에 포함된 아키텍처 설계 결정들과 그것들에 대한 제약조건들을 바탕으로 결정 제약조건 그래프를 정의한다. 결정 제약조건 그래프를 이용하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처의 주요 설계 결정들간의 의존 관계를 명시적으로 나타냄으로써, 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형 과정에서 특정 설계 결정에 대한 설계 변형이 아키텍처에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 분석 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형 방법은 아키텍처 변형에 대한 전반적인 이해를 용이하게 함과 동시에, 궁극적으로는 고품질 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 새로운 버전의 아키텍처 재생성을 돕는다

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.261-264
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• 2009

Gi(氣) transformation theory is the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine[TCM]. This theory matured during the period of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)", and later in the history of TCM was a source of significant impact on the development process and direction of general medical theory. The concept of "gi transformation[氣化]" mainly originates from the definition of the three levels which are nature, the relationship between nature and human, and the body's own metabolism, and is used to describe the usage and the resulting changes of 'gi(氣)'. Gi transformation possesses six characteristics which are permanence, universality, representationalism, directional, variability, and orderliness. The research of the concept and characteristics of gi transformation[氣化] in "Hwangjenaegyeong" will help identify the important academic value and practical significance of the formation of the basic theory of TCM as the result of the gi transformation theory, and highlight the unique characteristics of TCM.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Super-plastic deformation that originates from transformation plasticity has favorable aspects for steels with improved strength and ductility. However, it also causes undesirable deformation of products or specimens, leading to their degradation. This article reviews recent investigations of transformation plasticity. A combination of newly suggested models, numerical analyses, and novel experiments has attempted to reveal the mechanism. Since the nature of the transformation plasticity is still unclear, there are significant challenges still to be solved. Fundamental understanding of transformation plasticity will be essential for the development of advanced steels.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2006

We optimized the biological and physical parameters for DNA delivery into thalli of the red alga Porphyra yezoensis using a particle bombardment device. The efficiency of transformation was determined using the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) assay. The optimal helium pressure, distance of tungsten particle flight, and ratio of DNA to tungsten particles were $23kgf/cm^2$, 8 cm, and $5{\mu}g/mg$ tungsten, respectively. During bombardment, osmotic treatment with a mixture of 0.6 M mannitol and sorbitol increased the efficiency of GUS transformation. After 2 days, the blue color indicating GUS activity was observed using a histochemical assay.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

With the increasing advances in Brassicaceae genetics and genomics, considerable progress has been made in the transformation of Brassicaceae. Transformation technologies are now being exploited routinely to determine the gene function and contribute to the development of novel enhanced crops. $Agrobacterium$-mediated transformation remains the most widely used approach for the introduction of transgenes into Brassicaceae. In $Brassica$, the transformation relies mainly on $in$ $vitro$ transformation methods. Nevertheless, despite the significant progress made towards enhancing the transformation efficiencies, some genotypes remain recalcitrant to transformation. Advances in our understanding of the genetics behind various transformations have enabled researchers to identify more readily transformable genotypes for use in routine high-throughput systems. These developments have opened up exciting new avenues to exploit model $Brassica$ genotypes as resources for understanding the gene function in complex genomes. Although many other Brassicaceae have served as model species for improving plant transformation systems, this paper summarizes on the recent technologies employed in the transformation of both $Arabidopsis$ and $Brassica$. The use of transformation technologies for the introduction of desirable traits and a comparative analysis of these as well as their future prospects are also important parts of the current research that is reviewed.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

본 논문은 아이디어 전개를 종합(synthesis)에 의해 처리되는 디자인 업무의 중심부분으로, 자시 말하면, 디자인 문제에 대한 발상(abduction)과 변환(transformation)이 야기되는 부분으로 보고, 이에 대한 창조적 디자인 사고의 형식을 밝히고, 이를 토대로 디자인 발상지원 시스템의 기초를 마련하는 데 이 연구의 목표가 있다 연구방법으로 디자인 사고에 대한 고찰을 토대로 디자인 사고(design thinking)의 모형을 설정하고, 디자인 직무분석(job analysis)으로 이 연구모형을 검토하여 디자인 사고의 형식과 그 구조를 밝히는 것이다. 창조적 디자인사고의 전개는 디자인 문제해결에서 새롭고 유용한 착상을 이루어 가는 과정으로서 발산(Divergence)/변형(Transformation)/수렴(Convergence)의 과정을 가지며, 추상적 개념으로부터 시작하여 구체적인 결과에 도달한다. 디자인 프로세스에서 아이디어 스케치와 같은 디자인 전개의 직무는 D-T-C 발상이 집중되는 직무군으로 난이도가 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. D-T-C 발상의 추상-구체의 조합적 전개가 가능하도록 직무분석에 의해 디자인 발상지원 시스템(Computer Mediated Creative Thinking System: CMCTS)을 설계하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.276-281
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• 2002

A metallurgical model for bainite transformation kinetics in the coarse-grained heat affected zone(CGHAZ) on the basis of an Avrami-type equation was studied. Isothermal transformation tests were carried out to obtain the empirical equations for incubation time and Avrami kinetic constants for C-Mn-Mo-Ni steel. The effect of prior austenite grain size(PAGS) on the reaction rate of bainite was also investigated. Compared with experimental transformation behavior of bainite, the predicted behavior was in good agreement. It was also found that a smaller grain size retard the bainite reaction rate, contrary to the classical grain size effect and this is considered to be caused by constraint of grain size to bainite growth.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2002

A metallurgical model for bainite transformation kinetics in the coarse-grained heat affected zone(CGHAZ) on the basis of an Avrami-type equation was studied. Isothermal transformation tests were carried out to obtain the empirical equations for incubation time and Avrami kinetic constants for C-Mn-Mo-Ni steel. The effect of prior austenite grain size(PAGS) on the reaction rate of bainite was also investigated. Compared with experimental transformation behavior of bainite, the predicted behavior was in good agreement. It was also found that a smaller grain size retard the bainite reaction rate, contrary to the classical grain size effect and this is considered to be caused by constraint of grain size to bainite growth.