• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.911-920
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• 2005

The present study investigates heat/mass transfer and flow characteristics in a ribbed rotating passage with turning region. The duct has an aspect ratio (W/H) of 0.5 and a hydraulic diameter ($D_h$) of 26.67 mm. Rib turbulators are attached in the parallel arrangement on the leading and trailing surfaces of the passage. The ribs have a rectangular cross section of 2 m (e) $\times$ 3 m (w) and an attack angle of $70^{\circ}$. The pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) is 7.5, and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/$D_h$) is 0.075. The rotation number ranges from 0.0 to 0.20 while the Reynolds number is constant at 10,000. To verify the heat/mass transfer augmentation, internal flow structures are calculated for the same conditions using a commercial code FLUENT 6.1. The results show that a pair of vortex cells are generated due to the symmetric geometry of the rib arrangement, and heat/mass transfer is augmented up to $Sh/Sh_0=2.9$ averagely, which is higher than that of the cross-ribbed case presented in the previous study for the stationary case. With the passage rotation, the main flow in the first-pass deflects toward the trailing surface and the heat transfer is enhanced on the trailing surface. In the second-pass, the flow enlarges the vortex cell close to the leading surface, and the small vortex cell on the trailing surface side contracts to disappear as the passage rotates faster. At the highest rotation number ($R_O=0.20$), the turn-induced single vortex cell becomes identical regardless of the rib configuration so that similar local heat/mass transfer distributions are observed in the fuming region for the cross- and parallel-ribbed case.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2011

A specially designed tendon, which is proposed by embedding an FBG sensor into the center king cable of a 7-wire strand tendon, was applied to monitor the prestress force and load transfer of ground anchor. A series of tensile tests and a model pullout test were performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed smart tendon as a measuring sensor of tension force and load transfer along the tendon. The smart tendon has proven to be very effective for monitoring prestress force and load transfer by measuring the strain change of the tendon at the free part and the fixed part of ground anchor, respectively. Two 11.5 m long proto-type ground anchors were made simply by replacing a tendon with the proposed smart tendon and prestress forces of each anchor were monitored during the loading-unloading step using both FBG sensor embedded in the smart tendon and the conventional load cell. By comparing the prestress forces measured by the smart tendon and load cell, it was found that the prestress force monitored from the FBG sensor located at the free part is comparable to that measured from the conventional load cell. Furthermore, the load transfer of prestressing force at the tendon-grout interface was clearly measured from the FBGs distributed along the fixed part. From these pullout tests, the proposed smart tendon is not only expected to be an alternative monitoring tool for measuring prestress force from the introducing stage to the long-term period for health monitoring of the ground anchor but also can be used to improve design practice through determining the economic fixed length by practically measuring the load transfer depth.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1221-1245
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• 2014

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a promising cyber-physical technique used in the experimental evaluation of civil infrastructure systems subject to dynamic loading. In RTHS, the response of a structural system is simulated by partitioning it into physical and numerical substructures, and coupling at the interface is achieved by enforcing equilibrium and compatibility in real-time. The choice of partitioning parameters will influence the overall success of the experiment. In addition, due to the dynamics of the transfer system, communication and computation delays, the feedback force signals are dependent on the system state subject to delay. Thus, the transfer system dynamics must be accommodated by appropriate actuator controllers. In light of this, guidelines should be established to facilitate successful RTHS and clearly specify: (i) the minimum requirements of the transfer system control, (ii) the minimum required sampling frequency, and (iii) the most effective ways to stabilize an unstable simulation due to the limitations of the available transfer system. The objective of this paper is to establish a stability switch criterion due to systematic experimental errors. The RTHS stability switch criterion will provide a basis for the partitioning and design of successful RTHS.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2013

This describes the formulation for the free vibration of joined conical-cylindrical shells with uniform thickness using the transfer of influence coefficient. This method was developed based on successive transmission of dynamic influence coefficients, which were defined as the relationships between the displacement and the force vectors at arbitrary nodal circles of the system. The two edges of the shell having arbitrary boundary conditions are supported by several elastic springs with meridional/axial, circumferential, radial and rotational stiffness, respectively. The governing equations of vibration of a conical shell, including a cylindrical shell, are written as a coupled set of first order differential equations by using the transfer matrix of the shell. Once the transfer matrix of a single component has been determined, the entire structure matrix is obtained by the product of each component matrix and the joining matrix. The natural frequencies and the modes of vibration were calculated numerically for joined conical-cylindrical shells. The validity of the present method is demonstrated through simple numerical examples, and through comparison with the results of previous researchers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.645-650
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• 2011

The 3D-QSAR study of 2-arylbenzoxazoles as novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors was performed by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), CoMFA region focusing (CoMFA-RF) for optimizing the region for the final PLS analysis, and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods to determine the factors required for the activity of these compounds. The best orientation was searched by all-orientation search strategy using AOS, to minimize the effect of the initial orientation of the structures. The predictive ability of CoMFARF and CoMSIA were determined using a test set of twelve compounds giving predictive correlation coefficients of 0.886, and 0.754 respectively indicating good predictive power. Further, the robustness and sensitivity to chance correlation of the models were verified by bootstrapping and progressive scrambling analyses respectively. Based upon the information derived from CoMFA(RF) and CoMSIA, identified some key features that may be used to design new inhibitors for cholesteryl ester transfer protein.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2016

The vibration of a ship gives a significant effect on the noise radiated into the water. This paper focused on the vibration of ship hull due to the sub-generator located on the deck in the anchored condition. The contributions of the transfer paths between sub-generator and ship hull were analyzed using the TPA and the OTPA method. While the sub-generator was operation and the main engine was turned off, the vibrations were measured simultaneously at the 38 locations of the ship and the one hydrophone was arranged to measure the underwater radiated noise at the overside ship. The results of the transfer path by applying TPA and OTPA were compared and discussed. As a result of these methods, the top of stovepipe and valve are contributive. Reinforcing these structures is the most effective to reduce the vibration of ship hull.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

The composite frame system with reinforced concrete column and steel beam can be improved in its structural efficiency by complementing the shortcomings of the two systems. The system, however, has many inherent problems in practical design and construction process due to the dissimilarities of the materials. Considering these circumstance, this research aims for the development of a composite structural system which connects the steel beams to the R/C columns with higher structural safety and economy. Basically, the proposed connection system is composed of four split tees, structural angles reinforced by a stiffener, high strength steel rods, connecting plates and shear plates. Structural tests have been carried out to investigate the moment transfer mechanism 1Tom the beam flange to steel rods or connecting plates through the structural angle reinforced by a stiffener. The four prototype specimens have been tested until the flange of the beam reached a plastic state. The test results indicated that no distinct material dissimilarities between concrete and steel have been detected for the proposed hybrid beam-column connection system and that the stress transfer through the structural angle between the beam flange and steel rods or connecting plates was very encouraging.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

대형 구조물에 주로 사용되는 고강도 콘크리트는 화재 시 폭렬이 발생하여 구조물의 심각한 손상을 초래한다. 최근 고강도 콘크리트의 폭렬현상을 감소시켜 구조물의 내화성능을 확보하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 본 논문에서는 섬유를 혼입한 고강도 콘크리트에 대한 내화해석 모델을 제시하였다. 섬유의 거동 및 고온에서의 콘크리트 내부의 물리적인 현상을 고려하여 수정한 고강도 콘크리트의 재료모델을 섬유혼입 고강도 콘크리트의 재료모델로 선택하였다. 수정된 재료모델을 이용하여 얻은 섬유혼입 고강도 콘크리트의 내화해석 결과를 실험결과와 비교하였고, 섬유혼입 고강도 콘크리트 재료모델을 제안하였다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.116-125
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• 1995

파하중과 해류하중을 받는 단일 자유도계를 동적 해석하여 비선형 거동을 나타냄을 보이고 고차의 비선형 전이함수를 포함한 모델을 적용하여 그 비선형 차수를 알아낸다. 먼저 구조물에 단일 정현파, 두 파의 합성파 그리고 불규칙파 하중을 차례로 가하면서 각 하중조건마다 세가지 비선형 요인의 효과를 조사한다. 이로부터 단일 자유도계의 공진주파수에서 파의 에너지는 존재하지 않지만 비선형 요인에 의해 응답 성분이 나타남을 보인다. 다음으로 Volterra 급수에 근거한 고차 전이함수(higher order transfer function)모델을 적용하여 유연한 단일 자유도계의 비선형 거동이 성공적으로 모델화됨을 보이며 또한 비선형성이 2차나 3차로 명백히 나타남을 보인다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2009

The free radical polymerization of styrene was initiated with azobis(isobutyronitrile) in the presence of benzene sulfonyl chloride. Analysis of the terminal structures of the obtained polystyrene with $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a phenyl sulfonyl group at the ${\alpha}$-end and a chlorine atom at the ${\omega}$-end of each polystyrene chain. The terminal chlorine atom in the polystyrene chains was further confirmed through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and methyl acrylate using the obtained polystyrenes as macroinitiators and CuCl/2,2'-bipyridine as the catalyst system. GPC traces of the products obtained in ATRP at different reaction times were clearly shifted to higher molecular weight direction, indicating that nearly all the macroinitiator chains initiated ATRP of the second monomers. In addition, the number-average molecular weights of the polystyrenes increased directly proportional to the monomer conversions, and agreed well with the theoretical ones.