• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2015

This paper addresses the state of arts of microneedles for the transdermal drug delivery applications. Microneedles can be classified based on materials and shapes. For the materials, microneedles could be made of ceramics, metals and polymers. The shape of the microneedles can be classified into solid and hollow microneedles. Methods of transdermal drug delivery based on microneedle patch are discussed, and various fabrication methods of microneedle patches are introduced.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1989

The multilayered monolithic type transdermal delivery device has been designed and analyzed by a numerical analysis. The device consists of three layered polymer matrices which posess the different diffusion parameters, respectively. The purpose of this study was to design an ideal transdermal drug delivery device which is capable of initial burst and zero order release later on. Numerical modelings were simulated for a dispersed and a dissolved multilayered monolithic system. The results showed that the dispersed multilayered monolithic system could meet the requirements for an ideal transdermal delivery device.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

최근 약물전달시스템에 관심이 높아지면서 질병 치료를 목적으로 치료용 약물들이 많이 개발되기 시작하였으며, 이 중 경피흡수제제는 여러 가지 이점으로 인하여 지속적으로 연구를 진행하고 있는 흥미로운 분야이다. 본 고에서는 이러한 경피흡수의 원리 및 흡수를 촉진하는 물질들에 대하여 서술하였으며, 이를 발전시키기 위한 in vitro 및 in vivo 연구에 대하여 논하였다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2020

We report the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) of transdermal drug delivery in human skin. The time evolution of transdermal nicotine delivery in nicotine patches was assessed by detecting the transmission coefficient of sub-picosecond THz pulses and using a semi-analytic model based on the single-layer effective medium approximation. Using commercial nicotine patches (Nicoderm CQ^®, 7 mg/24 h), THz transmission coefficients were measured to quantitatively analyze the cumulative amounts of nicotine released from the patches in the absence of their detailed specifications, including multilayer structures and optical properties at THz frequencies. The results agreed well with measurements by conventional in vitro and in vivo methods, using a diffusion cell with high-performance liquid chromatography and blood sampling respectively. Our study revealed the ability of the THz-TDS method to be an effective alternative to existing methods for noninvasive and label-free assessments of transdermal drug delivery, showing its high promise for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

Recently there has been increased interest in the use of iontophoresis for the transdermal delivery of drugs, both ionic and nonionic. The use of iontophoresis has been rare over the years due to the lack of domestic supplies of the instrument and the expensive iontophoresis instrument made by foreign country. The purpose of this study was to design a commercially available iontophoresis system (WIT- 1 ). The efficacy of WT- 1 system was well defined. In clinical trial, procaine iontophoresis produced local anesthesia of significantly longer duration than swabbing and placebo groups. The 4% procaine iontophoresis using WIT-1 significant difference in anesthetic duration between WIT- 1 system and IontopherTM PM system. The result of this study suggest that WIT-1 system can be used for the transdermal delivery of drugs in various clinical conditions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2011

Repeated oral administration of loxoprofen can induce many side effects such as gastric disturbances and acidosis. Therefore, we considered alternative routes of administration for loxoprofen to avoid such adverse effects. The aim of this study was to develop an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix system containing a permeation enhancer for enhanced transdermal delivery of loxoprofen. The EVA matrix containing loxoprofen was fabricated and the effects of drug concentration, temperature, enhancer and plasticizer on drug release were studied from the loxoprofen-EVA matrix. The solubility of loxoprofen was highest at 40% (v/v) PEG 400. The release rate of drug from drug-EVA matrix increased with increased loading dose and temperature. The release rate was proportional to the square root of loading dose. The activation energy (Ea), which was measured from the slope of log P versus 1000/T, was 5.67 kcal/mol for a 2.0% loaded drug dose from the EVA matrix. Among the plasticizer used, diethyl phthalate showed the highest release rate of loxoprofen. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the greatest enhancing effect. In conclusion, for the enhanced controlled transdermal delivery of loxoprofen, the application of the EVA matrix containing plasticizer and penetration enhancer could be useful in the development of a controlled drug delivery system.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.230.1-230.1
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• 2003

In case of oral application of quinupramine, antidepressants, it may cause adverse effects such as diarrhea, nausea due to transient high blood concentration. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) which is heat-processible, flexible, inexpensive material was used for transdermal drug delivery. The purpose of this study was to develop the new transdermal delivery system of quinupramine using EVA polymer matrix that can provide sustained release and avoid the side effects. The EVA matrix containing quinupramine was prepared by solvent-evaporation method. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

The antihistamine effects of the triprolidine were studied in rats to determine the feasibility of their enhanced transdermal delivery from the poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX) matrix system containing penetration enhancer and plasticizer. The antihistamine effects were determined by the Evans blue dye procedure by comparing the changes in vascular permeability increase following the transdermal administration. The vascular permeability increase was significantly reduced by transdermal administration of the triprolidine-TPX system containing triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyoxyethylene-2-oleyl ether (POE). Both the plasticizer and penetration enhancer played an important role in the skin permeation of triprolidine and increased the antihistamine effects. These results showed that the triprolidine-TPX matrix system containing plasticizer and penetration enhancer could be a transdermal delivery system providing the increased antihistamine effects.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.447-448
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• 2010

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2001

Transdermal drug delivery offers various advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, such as avoidance gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass effect. encourages patient compliance. and possible sustained release of drugs. However, transdermal transport of drugs is low permeability of the stratum corneum, the superficial layer of the skin. Many physicochemical and biological factors influencing transdermal transport is described together with the corresponding experimental and clinical results. Phonophoresis is medical treatment with drugs introduced into the skin by ultrasound energy. Enhanced drug penetration is through to result from the biophysical alterations of skin structure by ultrasound waves. The frequency used for phonophoresis is usually from 20 kHz to 15MHz. Phonophoresis can be categorized in to three ranges: low-frequency range(below 1 MHz). therapeutic frequency range(1 to 3MHz), and high-frequency range(above 3 MHz). The depth of penetration of ultrasound into skin is inversely proportional to the frequency. Cavitation may cause mechanical stress. temperature elevation, or enhanced chemical reactivity causing drug transport. One theory is that ultrasound affects the permeation of the stratum corneum lipid structure as the limiting step in permeating through the skin. The range of indications for phonophoresis is wide. Aspecific classification of the range of indications is obtained by classification of pathological conditions. The continuous research is needed for many interesting issucs of phonophoretic transdermal delivory in new future.