• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2004

A method based on RNA-transcript conformation polymorphism (TCP) was tested for detection of two PVY isolates in a mixed infection. Differences in electrophoretic mobility of RNA transcripts copied from PCR products of each virus isolate enabled the distinction between the two virus isolates in a mixed infection. The identities of the RNA transcripts and hence of the infecting virus isolates were determined by annealing to reference oligonucleotides containing unique strain-specific sequences visualized by retardation of transcript mobility in gel. The ratio at which both virus isolates could be detected was as low as 1:10. The suitability of this procedure for the study of mixed virus infections is discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1995

We isolated a cDNA clone, BLSC1, encoding 5' exon of ATP synthase CF0 subunit I from broccoli. BLSC1 is 285 nucleotides long which consists of a 5' noncoding region of 34 nucleotides, a 5' exon of 145 nucleotides and an intron of 106 nucleotides. The 5' exon codes for 48 amino acids which reveals mostly hydrophobic. The amino acid sequence deduced from BLSC1 shares 83%, 83% and 91% identities with the genes coding for atpF from wheat, rice and spinach, respectively. Genomic Southern blot analysis for BLSC1 showed a typically strong signal for a gene located in the chloroplast genome. Northern blot analysis identified three major classes of transcripts showing strong positive signals in the leaves, but only trace amounts of the transcripts were identified in the other organs like stems, flowr buds and roots.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-40
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• 2005

Based on the Vygotskian perspective that a learner's thinking is constituted in his or her talk and the assumption that student talk in the classroom may occur in more than one way, this study examined discursive practices of students in Korean high school science classrooms. Data came from $11^{th}$ grade earth science classrooms where the Group Investigation (GI) method was implemented. Data source included verbatim transcripts developed from video recordings of class sessions in which students presented their science projects to the whole class and exchanged questions and answers during the presentations. The analysis of the videotape transcripts revealed five different modes of student talk, including 1) retrieving information, 2) reformulating information, 3) building on one's own experience, 4) elaborating current understanding, and 5) negotiating meanings with others. Considering that each of the five modes had different value for learning science, it was recommended that the teacher should engage students in more active modes of discourse and guide them into more sophisticated understanding of science.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.709-721
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• 2004

This study explored the relationship between argumentation and the conceptual change model in a science teacher's explanations. Ten audiotape recordings (about 9 hours) collected in a high school physics classroom were all transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using the components of Toulmin's argument framework and two constructs of the conceptual change model: the status of a conception, and the conceptual ecology. This analysis reveals that there are dynamic relationships among Toulmin's argument components, the status of a conception, and the conceptual ecology. The episode extracted from the transcripts shows the science teacher's explanations in the flow of classroom discourse, as directed and guided by her, presenting the intelligibility or plausibility of a conception by using warrants or backings such as examples or anomalies, two components of conceptual ecology.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2000

Effects of deamido-$\textrm{NAD}^{+}$on self-splicing of primary transcripts of the phage T4 thymidylate synthase gene (td) was investigated. The self-splicing was not affected by deamido-$\textrm{NAD}^{+}$- at concentrations up to 2 mM. However, it began to decrease at 5 mM and the formation of splicing products such as the linear intron, intron-exon 2 and exon 1-exon 2, was slightly reduced. At 20 mM the self-splicing activity was almost completely abolished. This analog of the coenzyme $\textrm{NAD}^{+}$- inhibits the self-splicing of td intron RNA although it does not possess a guanidine group in its structure. The analysis of inhibitory concentrations and structural examination suggests that the key structural features of deamido-$\textrm{NAD}^{+}$ responsible for the inhibition of splicing may be the ADP-ribose moiety.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2008

To identify transcriptional markers for beef traits related to meat tenderness and moisture, we measured the transcriptome of the Longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle in 10 Korean native cattle (KNC). We analyzed the correlation between the beef transcriptome and measurements of four different beef traits, shear force (SF), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), and loin eye area (LEA). We obtained non-overlapping and unique panels of genes showing strong correlations (${\mid}r{\mid}$ > 0.8) with SF, WHC, CL, and LEA, respectively. Functional studies of these genes indicated that SF was mainly related to energy metabolism, and LEA to rRNA processing. Interestingly, our data suggested that WHC is influenced by protein metabolism. Overall, the skeletal muscle transcriptome pointed to the importance of energy and protein metabolism in determining meat quality after the aging process. The panels of transcripts for beef traits may be useful for predicting meat tenderness and moisture.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1991

The BTV core associated transcriptase activity, assayed by acid precipitable counts, was reduced to an undetectable level after treat the core with .$100{\mu}{\M}$ CDDP. When the RNA transcripts prepared from the CDDP treated BTV core were analysed on agaroseurea gel, it was observed that the band intensity of the large size RNA was reduced while the band intensity of the small size RNA was enhanced. Northern blot analysis showed that much of the small size RNAs appeared to be prematurely terminated transcripts. These results suggest that CDDP adduction to the template RNA blocks chain elongation process of the virion bound transcriptase that is ultimately responsible for the inactivation of BTV infectivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.791-793
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• 2009

Escherichia coli RNase P is composed of a large RNA subunit (M1 RNA) and a small protein subunit (C5 protein). Since both subunits are assembled in a 1:1 ratio, expression of M1 RNA and C5 protein should be coordinately regulated for RNase P to be efficiently synthesized in the cell. However, it is not known yet how the coordination occurs. In this study, we investigated how overexpression of C5 protein affects expression of the rnpB gene encoding M1 RNA, using a lysogenic strain, which carries an rnpB-lacZ transcription fusion. Primer extension analysis of rnpB-lacZ fusion transcripts showed that the overexpression of C5 protein increased the amount of the fusion transcripts, suggesting that rnpB expression increases with the increase of intracellular level of C5 protein.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2006

We used cDNA microarrays to monitor the transcriptome of ozone stress-regulated genes (ORGs) in two pepper cultivars [Capsicum annuum cv. Dabotop (ozone-sensitive) and Capsicum annuum cv. Buchon (ozone-tolerant)]. Ozone stress up- or down-regulated 180 genes more than three-fold. Transcripts of 84 of these ORGs increased, transcripts of 88 others diminished, and those of eight either accumulated or diminished at different time points in the two cultivars or changed in only one of the cultivars. 67% (120) of the ORGs were regulated differently in ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant peppers, most being specifically up-regulated in the ozone-sensitive cultivar. Many were also represented in the plant defense transcriptome against non-host pathogen infection, and some in the transcriptomes for cold, drought, and salinity stresses.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2000

Chloramphenicol acetyl CoA transferase (CAT) and angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitory peptide (ACEI) were fused to C-terminal region of rice ubiquitin to examine the level of transcripts or enzyme activities in yeast. When two chimeric genes under an inducible Gall promoter control were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisaie, both CAT and ACE inhibitory activities were enhanced by three to four-fold as compared to those containing no ubiquitin gene. However, the levels of transcripts of ubiquitin fused and un fused genes were not significantly different each other. Therefore, it was suggested that the expression of foreign genes was post-transcriptionally enhanced by fusion of plant ubiquitin in heterologous organisms such as yeast.