• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the hematological and hepatic function in the mouse after the adminstration of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracted by a different refining process during 30 days. The experimental groups divided seven. Control group was administered mice with 0.9％ saline(4mL/kg). The experimental groups were divided 10％ bamboo extract(B1, C1 and D1 experimental groups) and 30％ bamboo extract(B2, C2, D2 experimental groups)administered groups(4mL/kg). Hematological results: RBC(P<0.05) and Hct(P<0.05) were significantly decreased in the D2 group. The activity of transaminase(P<0.05) of D2 group was significantly increased, but the activities of SOD(P<0.05) and catalase(P<0.01) were significantly decreased, in the D group. Histopathological observation: Ballooned hepatocytes were occurred periportal vein in the D1 and D2 groups, and necrosis of hepatic nuclei in the D2 group were observed. The results indicated that hematological and histopathological toxicity were occurred in the administered group of bamboo extract D refined by 2 times distilling at $108{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.334-340
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• 2011

The study was done to investigate the effects of the extracts from the different parts of Lythrum salicaria (LS) on liver protective activities in chronically alcohol-treated rats. SD male rats except normal animals were administrated with alcohol ($30m{\ell}$ of 30%~40% ethanol/kg/day) and the extracts (300 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Chronic alcohol administration decreased body weight, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and the reduced form-glutathione (GSH), whereas increased the ethanol content, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)- cholesterol, triglyceride in blood/serum and the ratio of the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) and total GSH (GSSG/total GSH) in liver tissue. Groups treated with the extracts of leaf, root and stem, showed decrease in GOT, total cholesterol and GSSG/total GSH and increase in hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), total GSH and serum albumin. Administration with the root extract of LS decreased blood ethanol content compared with the other part extracts. But, serum triglyceride values in rats treated with root and stem extract were higher than that of the negative control animals. Flower extract-fed group showed decrease in body weight and serum triglyceride, but increase in the ratio of GOT and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and GSSG/total GSH. From the results, we conclude that the extracts of root and leaf among the plant parts of LS might be useful for the amelioration of the chronic alcohol-induced liver demage of rat.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.82-86
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• 1999

The production of hepatoprotective exo-polysaccharide by using synthetic and industrial grade media of the submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum WK-003 was compared. The optimum concentrations of molasses and corn steep liquor (industrial grade) for the production of exo-polysaccharide were 5% and 2.5%, respectively. The productions of the exo-polysaccharide by using a 5l jar fermenter with industrial grade medium and synthetic medium were 11.2 g D.W./l and 7.2g D.W./l, respectively. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the serum of intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of the exo-polysaccharide produced from the industrial grade and synthetic media for 4 consecutive days were decreased from 704 IU/L to 356IU/L and 704IU/L to 349IU/L, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1986

The energy metabolism with the normal laying hen and progesterone injected non-laying hen are compared. 1. The FHP of 109.7Kcal for laying hen was 25.5 percent higher than the 87.4 Kcal found for non-laying hen. 2. The MEm's of laying hen and non-laying hen were 149, and 135Kcal/Kg$\^$0.75/day and NAME's of the diets were 77 and 83 percent, respectively. For the laying hen shown negative retention in body energy during the experiment, the 77 percent NAME was the value of supporting egg production. For the non-laying hen shown the positive retention in body energy and zero egg production, the 83 percent NAME was of growth. 3. A change in body weight of 1g was comparable to 3.54 Kcal for laying hen, and 5.0 Kcal for non-laying hen, when calculated on regression equations between body weight change and body energy retention(BE). The figures indicate that the tissue energy is used with an efficiency of 70 percent for egg production. 4. Plasma level of triiodothyronine(T3) for the laying hen is appeared to be higher than that of non-laying hen, although the levels of thyroxine (T4) are equal both in laying and non-laying hen. 5. Activities of four hepatic enzymes(ATP citrate lyase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamte pyruvic transaminase) were significantly greater in the laying hen than in the non-laying hen.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to determine if a low-molecular weight casein hydrolysate has an anti- hypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Prior to the in vivo experiment, the casein hydrolysate was confirmed to be resistant to gastrointestinal digestion by confirming the retention of its potency as an inhibitor of angiotensin I-concerting enzyme after incubation with pepsin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin. The in vivo anti-hypertensive effect of the hydrolysate was determined by the tail cuff method. Following an oral administration of the hydrolysate solution, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 12.9% (－28.9mmHg; P<0.05) at 3 h after the administration at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. When the hydrolysate was administered as an emulsion with 30% egg yolk, its anti-hypertensive effect was even more greater at the same dose(－30.8mmHg or －15.9%; P<0.01). In a 50-day long-term trial where the casein hydrolysate was administered once a day, the SBP-lowering effect of the hydrolysate was apparent (P<0.05) from day 35 through the end. Moreover, organ weights and plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities of the administered SHR were not significantly different from those of controls at the end of the long-term trial.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1988

This study was done to determine the effect of antioxidants added perilla oil diet on the content of cholesterol, vitamin E, and lipid peroxide in serum and tissue of rats. Four groups of experimental diets, such none added perilla oil diet, ascorbic acid added perilla oil diet, vitamin E added perilla oil diet, EDTA added perilla oil diet were fed ad libitum to the 4 weeks white male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1) The body weight gain in all experimental diet groups was higher than the control gorup and EDTA added diet group was lower than the other experimental diet group, while food intake in vitamin E added diet group was the highest and vitamin C added diet group was the lowest in the control group. 2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially the level of total cholesterol in none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were significantly lower than that of control group. 3) HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significantly lower than that of control group. 4) The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum of all experimental diet group except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significanly higher than that of the control group. The activites of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum of all experimental diet groups except vitamin C added group were higher than that of control group. 5) Vitamin E levels in serum of none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were lower than that of the control group and vitamin E added diet group and EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. 6) Vitamin E levels in liver of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of control group and especially none added diet group and vitamin E added diet group were significantly higher than that of the control group. 7) Lipid peroxide in serum of all experimental diet group were lower than that of control group and especially EDTA added diet group. 8) Lipid peroxide in liver and spleen of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of the control group and lipid peroxide in kidney of all experimental diet groups except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. Four these results, as vitamin C, vitamin E and EDTA added diets have an effect to lipid peroxide by antioxidants, it could be suggested that perilla oil diet has required to add antioxidant because it has not sufficient vitamin E for antioxidant and intake and overtake level of perilla oil diet should be studied to go ahead.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.699-707
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Cheonggukjang powder made using black foods on liver function and lipid composition in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and fed the following for 7 weeks; normal diet(control), STZ+normal diet(Diabetic), STZ+50% soybean Cheonggukjang supplementation(DSC), STZ+44.5% yakkong Cheonggukjang supplementation(DYC), and STZ+supplementation with 50% yakkong black food(black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle) Cheonggukjang(DYCB). The results showed that the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. In the Diabetic group, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and total bilirubin content in serum were significantly greater than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang reduced these values. In the Diabetic group, the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol contents in the serum and liver tissue, as well as the atherogenic index(AI) and cardiac risk factors(CRF) were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the control group, although the high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang normalized the changed lipid composition in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, yakkong Cheonggukjang and black food contaning yakkong Cheonggukjang normalized AI and CRF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.907-915
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• 2014

Alpha-lipoic acid (${\alpha}$-LA) is not only involved in energy metabolism, but is also a powerful antioxidant that can protect against hepatic oxidative stress induced by some drugs, toxins, or under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the effect of ${\alpha}$-LA against liver oxidative damage in broilers exposed to aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$). Birds were randomly divided into four groups and assigned different diets: basal diet, 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in basal diet, diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, and 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, for 3 weeks. The results revealed that the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA protected against the liver function damage of broilers induced by chronic low dose of $AFB_1$ as estimated by a significant (p<0.05) change in levels of plasma total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and the activities of liver glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. The histopathological analysis also showed that liver tissues were injured in the $AFB_1$ diet, but this effect was alleviated by the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA. Additionally, $AFB_1$ induced a profound elevation of oxidative stress in birds, as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde level, a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity and a depletion of the glutathione content in the liver. All of these negative effects were inhibited by treatment with ${\alpha}$-LA. Our results suggest that the inhibition of $AFB_1$-induced excess production of lipid peroxides and the maintenance of intracellular antioxidant status may play important roles in the protective effects of ${\alpha}$-LA against $AFB_1$-induced oxidative damage in the liver.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.938-945
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of germinated and fermented (with Monascus pupureus) soybean screenings (GFS) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler chicken. A total of 750 1-day-old Ross ${\times}$ Ross male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups (five replications with 30 birds each) and fed experimental diets for 5 wks as follows: Group 1, negative-control (antibiotics-free diet); Group 2, positive-control (negative-control with 10 ppm of Avilamycin); Group 3, negative-control with 0.3% GFS; Group 4, negative-control with 0.5% GFS; Group 5, negative-control with 1% GFS. The final body weight of each group fed a diet containing 1% GFS was significantly higher than that of the negative-control group. The feed conversion ratios of all groups fed diets containing GFS and the positivecontrol group were significantly improved compared to the negative-control group during the whole period (p<0.05). The relative weights of various organs along with the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The levels of total serum cholesterol in groups fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% GFS were more significantly lowered compared to those of the control groups without GFS (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the cecal microflora profiles among the groups. Further, the dietary treatments did not influence the physico-chemical properties of the edible meat, including the shear force, pH, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Cooking loss of breast muscle in the groups fed GFS was significantly lowered compared to that of the negative control group (p<0.05). These results indicate that dietary GFS could improve growth performance in broiler chicken and may affect meat quality in some instances.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) on lipids metabolism, oxidation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats fed highly oxidized fat. Methods: To induce obesity, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a highly oxidized fat diet for 10 weeks. SRE at 100 mg/kg were administered orally to obesity-induced rats for 6 weeks, and their lipid metabolism, oxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Results: The concentrations of free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma decreased in SRE-treated groups, although the difference was not significant between control and SRE-treated groups, while that of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly increased in SRE group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were tended to decrease in SRE-treated group. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid in plasma and liver were lower in SRE group than in control group. The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in plasma were decreased in SRE group. Activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver were tended to increase in the SRE group. The plasma concentrations of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 were lower in SRE group than in control group, while that of IL-10 was higher. The liver concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were tended to decrease while that of IL-10 tended to increase in SRE group. Conclusions: Finally SRE could be used in the production of nutraceuticals for lowering lipids and exerting anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects in obesity rats fed highly oxidized rat.