Korean journal of food and cookery science (한국식품조리과학회지)

Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science (한국식품조리과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Cheonggukjang Powder Made with Black Foods on Liver Function and Lipid Composition in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

블랙푸드로 만든 청국장분말 식이가 Streptozotocin으로 유도된 당뇨 쥐의 간 기능과 지질 조성에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Hyeon-Sook (Division of Hotel Culinary Arts, Daegu Technical College) ;
  • Yang, Kyung-Mi (Faculty of Herbal Food Cooking and Nutrition, Daegu Hanny University)
  • 박현숙 (대구공업대학교 호텔외식조리계열) ;
  • 양경미 (대구한의대학교 한방식품조리영양학부)
  • Received : 2013.08.28
  • Accepted : 2013.11.05
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Cheonggukjang powder made using black foods on liver function and lipid composition in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and fed the following for 7 weeks; normal diet(control), STZ+normal diet(Diabetic), STZ+50% soybean Cheonggukjang supplementation(DSC), STZ+44.5% yakkong Cheonggukjang supplementation(DYC), and STZ+supplementation with 50% yakkong black food(black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle) Cheonggukjang(DYCB). The results showed that the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. In the Diabetic group, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and total bilirubin content in serum were significantly greater than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang reduced these values. In the Diabetic group, the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol contents in the serum and liver tissue, as well as the atherogenic index(AI) and cardiac risk factors(CRF) were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the control group, although the high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang normalized the changed lipid composition in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, yakkong Cheonggukjang and black food contaning yakkong Cheonggukjang normalized AI and CRF.

본 연구는 대두청국장, 약콩청국장 및 흑미, 흑임자, 다시마와 같은 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장이 STZ으로 유도된 당뇨 쥐의 간 기능과 지질조성에 미치는 영향을 비교한 후, 당뇨병과 같은 생활 습관병의 예방과 합병증을 낮추기 위한 식이요법으로 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장식이 섭취에 대한 근거 자료를 마련 할 목적으로 실시하였다. 실험군으로는 정상식이군(Control), 당뇨 정상식이군(Diabetic), 당뇨 대두청국장 식이군(DSC), 당뇨 약콩청국장 식이군(DYC), 그리고 당뇨 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 식이군(DYCB)로 나누어 7주간 실험식이를 공급 한 후 혈청과 간 조직 내 간 기능 지표 및 지질조성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐의 일일 체중 증가량과 사료효율이 감소되었으며, 이때 식이로 공급한 청국장식이 공급은 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 간 기능 지표로 GOT와 GPT 활성 모두 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 청국장식이 공급으로 높아진 활성을 조절할 수 있었다. 총 빌리루빈 함량은 역시 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 증가되었으나 약콩청국장 및 블랙푸드가 첨가된 약콩청국장 식이의 공급으로 낮출수 있었다. 또한 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 고지혈 증상과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수가 증가된 반면에 HDL-콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량의 감소를 보였다. 그러나 청국장식이 공급으로 다소 호전된 결과를 얻었다. 특히 간 조직 내 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 조절은 대두 청국장에 비해 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 약콩청국장과 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 사이에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서 당뇨에 의해 유발 될 수 있는 간 기능, 고지혈증 그리고 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 개선에 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장분말 식이 섭취가 다소 도움을 줄 것으로 여겨진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae EA, Moom GS. 1997. A study on the antioxidative activities of Korean soybeans. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26 : 203-208
  2. Bang MA, Cho YJ, Kim HA. 2002. Effect of Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) on glucose and lipid metabolism and antioxidative enzyme system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Kor J Dietary Culture 17 : 377-386
  3. Bhathena SJ, Velaquez MT. 2002. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 76 : 1191-1201 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1191
  4. Cho SY, Jang JY, Kim MJ. 2001. Effect of Pueraria flos and radix water-extracts on levels of several serum biomakers in ethanol-treated rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30 : 92-96
  5. Choi YH, Lee KE, Yang KM, Jeong YM, Seo JS. 2006. Effect of Larva extract of Allomyrina dichotoma on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35 : 1349-1355 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.10.1349
  6. Deng S, Vatamaniuk M, Huang X, Doliba N, Lian MM, Frank A, Velidedeoglu E, Desai NM, Koeberlein B, Wolf B, Barker CF, Naji A, Matschinsky FM, Markmann JF. 2004. Structural and functional abnormalities in the islets isolated from type 2 diabeic subjects. Diabetes 53 : 624-632 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.3.624
  7. Eng LF, Noble EP. 1968. The maturation of rat brain myelin. Lipid 3 : 157-161 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02531734
  8. Feingold KR, Moser A, Adi S, Soued M, Grunfeld C. 1990. Small intestinal fatty acid synthesis is increased in diabetic rats. Endocrinology 127 : 2247-2252 https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-127-5-2247
  9. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226 : 497-509
  10. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18 : 499-502
  11. Goldberg RB. 1981. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4 : 561-572 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.4.5.561
  12. Haglund O, Loustarinen R, Wallin R, Wibell I, Saldeen T. 1991. The effect of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin. Eur J Nutr 121 : 165-172 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.2.165
  13. Jeong MY. 2001. Use of oral hypoglycemic agents. J Korean Dibetes 2001 : 53-70.
  14. Jiao S, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K, Kihara S, Nakamura T, Tokunaga K, Kubo M, Tarui S. 1988. Increased activity of intestinal Acyl-Co A : Cholesterol actyltransferase in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and restoration by insulin supplementation. Diabetes 37 : 342-346 https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.37.3.342
  15. Jung KO, Park SY, Park KY. 2006. Longer aging time increases the anticancer and antimetastatic properties of doenjang. J Nutr 22 : 539-545 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2005.11.007
  16. Kennedy L, Baynes JW. 1984. Non-enzymatic glycosylation and the chronic complications of diabetes: an review. Diabetologia 26 : 93-98
  17. Kim JO, Lee GD. 2011. Hypoglycemic effects of a medicinal herb mixture prepared through the traditional antidiabetic prescription. Korean Society Food Preservation 18 : 923-929 https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.6.923
  18. Kim MK, Choi AR, Han GS, Jeong SG, Jeong MO, Kim DH, Ham, JS. 2011. Dairy products intake and managing diabetes. Korean J Dairy Sci Technol 29 : 17-22
  19. Kim SH, Yang JL, Song YS. 1999. Physiological functions of chongkukjang. Food Industry and Nutrition 4 : 40-46
  20. Korean National Statistical Office. 2008. The cause of death statistics 2006. An Annual Report of Death Cause Statics
  21. Ku HS, Noh JS, Yun YR, Kim HJ, Kwon MJ, Cheigh HS, Song YO. 2007. Weight reduction and lipid lowring effects of sea tangle added Korean cabbage Kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36 : 1140-1147 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.9.1140
  22. Kwon DY, Daily III JW, Kim HJ, Park S. 2010. Antidiabetic effects of fermented soybean products on type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res 30 : 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2009.11.004
  23. Kwon DY, Jang JS, Lee JE, Kim SY, Shin DH, Park S. 2006. The isoflavonoid aglycon-rich fractions of chungkookjang fermented unsalted soybeans, enhance insulin signaling and peroxisome proliferatior-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ activity in vitro. BioFactors 26 : 245-258 https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520260403
  24. Lee HJ. 1999. Medical nutrition therapy in diabetes. Food Industry and Nutrition 4 : 47-60
  25. Lee JJ. 2011. Colored foods and diabetes. J Korean Diabetes 12 : 219-224 https://doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2011.12.4.219
  26. Lee JJ, Kim AR, Chang HC, Jung HO, Lee MY. 2012. Effects of soybean and DJI Chungkukjang powder on blood glucose and serum lipid reduction in db/db mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41 : 1086-1093 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.8.1086
  27. Lee KS, Seo JS, Choi YS. 1998. Effect of sea tangle and hypoglycemic agent on lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27 : 960-967
  28. Lee SZ, Lee HS. 1999. Changes in plasma lipid pattern in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a time course study. Korean J Nutr 32 : 767-774
  29. Lim SS, Kim MH, Lee JH. 1997. Effect of artemisia princeps var orientals and circium japonicum var ussuriense on liver function, body lipid, and bile acid of hyperlipidemic rat. Korean J Nutr 30 : 797-802
  30. Mendez J, Frinklin B, Gahagen H. 1975. Simple manual procedure for determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem 21 : 768-770
  31. Ministry of Health and Welfare 2006. The 3rd Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES III)
  32. Nikkila EA, Kekki M. 1973. Plasma triglyceride transport kinetics in diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 22 : 1-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(73)90024-3
  33. Oh JG. The news of Korean Society : Soybean milk. 2003. J Korean Soybean Society 196 : 2-7
  34. Park JL, Chae KY, Hong JS. 2007. A comparison of antioxidant activities in black sesame seeds according to preparation and cooking conditions. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 17 : 520-531
  35. Park SA, Kim MJ, Jang JY, Choi MS, Yeo J, Lee MK. 2006. Effect of genestein and diadzein on antioxidant defense system in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35 : 1159-1165 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.9.1159
  36. Park SH, Kim GY. 2010. Blood glucose level, insulin content and biochemical variables of complexcity extract from Oriental medicinal plants on diabetes rats. Korean J Food Nutr 23 : 258-268
  37. Park SM. 2007. Strategies for development of anti-diabetic functional foods. Food Sci Industry 40 : 46-58
  38. Rakieten N, Rakieten ML, Nadkarni MV. 1963. Studies on the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin (NSC-37917). Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 29 : 91-98
  39. Reaven GM. 1987. Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Med 83 : 31-40
  40. Record IR, Dreosit IE, Mclnerney JK. 1995. The antioxidant activity of genistein in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 6 : 481-485 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(95)00076-C
  41. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123 : 1939-1951 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.11.1939
  42. Reitman S, Frankel S. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am J Clin Pathol 28 : 56-63 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56
  43. Ryu SH. 2002. Studies on antioxidative effects and antioxidative components of soybean and chungkukjang. Ph. D. Thesis, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
  44. Son HY. 1985. Lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 9 : 159-164
  45. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. 2004. Global prevalence of diabetes : estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 27 : 1047-1053 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
  46. Zaltkis A, Zak B. 1969. Study of new cholesterol reagent. Anal Biochem 29 : 143-148 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(69)90017-7

Cited by

  1. Lipid Improvement Effect of Fermented Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Hyperlipidemia Rats vol.30, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2015.30.6.83.