• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

최근 3-4년간 MR의 hardware와 software의 급격한 발전으로 마침내 작년 말에 3.0 Tesla whole body MR 장비가 미국 FDA의 공인을 받았다. 한국에서도 일찍부터 3T MR장비의 개발이 이루어 졌고 이미 설치되어 연구와 임상이 이용되고 있다. 여러 회사에서 개발 및 연구된 전신 3.0T MR 장비가 여러가지 가능성을 보이고 임상 도입 단계에 있지만 아직까지 실지 임상에서는 뇌신경계 분야가 주류를 이루고 있다. 지금 뇌신경계 분야에서 보편적으로 늘리 사용되고 있는 1.5T MR 장비는 모든 면에서 상당히 안정적으로 임상 및 연구에 이용되고 있다. 1-2년 전만 해도 3.0 T MR기기는 뇌신경계 영역에서도 임상적으로 늘리 사용되기에는 안정적인 면에서는 1.5T 기기에 비해서 떨어지는 것이 사실이었다. 그래서 주로 연구실 영역에서 많이 이용되고 있었다. 그러나 지금 본원에 설치 완료되어 임상에 적용한지 6개월 정도 이용한 예에서 보면 (about 2300 cases/6months) hardware, software적인 면에서 아직 조금의 불편함이 있지만 많은 부분이 충분히 인지되고 개선이 가능한 부분으로 거의 불편함이 사라질 것으로 기대되고 있고, 불편함을 넘을 수 있는 여러 가지 장점이 있다고 본다. 고자장 (>3.0 T) MRI의 매력은 자장에 비례적으로 SNR, spectral resolution이 높아지고, T1, BOLD등에 의한 대조도가 향상한다는 것이다. SNR의 증가는 temporal, spatial 분해능을 증가시키고, spectral resolution이 높아짐에 따라 MR spectroscopy상에서 주요 대사물질 이외 작은 대사물질에 관한 스펙트럼의 분석을 향상시킨다. 이처럼 고자장 MR은 근본적인 장점을 가지고 있고 이러한 장점이 고자장 MR 시대로 가야 할 이유을 모두 설명하고 있다고 생각된다.세포질등이 있으며, 이들중에서 lysosomes, peroxisomes, 그리고 미토콘드리아가 특정한 유전성 백질질환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 질환들은 최소한 각 소기관에 의한 질환군으로 분류될 수 있다.SXR이 ER의 transactivation 효과를 약간 촉진한 반면 MDA-MB-231세포는 SXR을 제외한 CAR와 PPAR${\gamma}$에 의해 ER의 transactivation 효과가 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 유방암세포에서는 CAR, SXR, PPAR${\gamma}$과 같은 xenobiotic nuclear receptor에 의한 ER transactivation 효과가 간암세포와는 다르게 나타나며, 유방암의 종류에 따라서 endogenous CAR, SXR, PPAR${\gamma}$수용체가 다르게 발현됨으로써 이들에 대한 반응이 서로 상이한 특징을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 estrogen receptor에 의해 매개되는 estrogn의 전사활성조절기전이 표적세포에 따라 다른 경로를 포함 할 수 있음을 시사한다.서 흡착 능력이 우수하게 나타났으며, 황화수소는 펄라이트, 왕겨, 소나무수피에서 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 혼합충전재는 암모니아의 경우 코코넛과 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 3번과 소나무수피와 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 6번에서 다른 혼합 재료에 비하여 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 코코넛과 소나무수피의 경우 암모니아 가스에 대한 흡착 능력은 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료되며, 코코넛의 경우 전량을 수입에 의존하고 있다는 점에서 국내 조달이 용이하며, 구입 비용도 적게 소요되는 소나무수피를 사용하는 것이 경제적이라고 사료된다. 5. 마지막으로 악취제거 미생물균주를 접종한 소나무수피 50%와 펄라이트

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.206.2-207
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• 2001

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

Mannasantin B, a dilignan structurally related to manssantin A, is an inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ transactivation. In the present study, we found that it inhibited PMA-induced expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA, and IL-$1{\beta}$ promoter activity in U937 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of about 50 nM. It also inhibited NF-IL6- and NF-${\kappa}B$-induced activation of IL-$1{\beta}$, with $IC_{50}$ values of 78 nM and $1.6{\mu}M$, respectively, revealing a potent inhibitory effect on NF-IL6. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that manassantin B had an inhibitory effect on DNA binding by NF-IL6, but not by NF-${\kappa}B$. Further analysis revealed that transactivation by NF-IL6 was also inhibited. Our results indicate that manassantin B suppresses expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in promonocytic cells by inhibiting not only NF-${\kappa}B$ but also NF-IL6 activity. Furthermore, our observations suggest that manassantin B may be clinically useful as a potent inhibitor of NF-IL6 activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2016

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud., a flowering plant, has been widely cultivated in Asian countries including Korea. It has been reported that B. nivea exhibits health beneficial effects for the prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress, and virus-related diseases. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of B. nivea on adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis. DPPH radical scavenging activities of 70% ethanol extract of B. nivea (EBN) and water extract of B. nivea (WBN) were $90.8{\pm}1.1%$ and $20{\pm}6.9%$, respectively. EBN was also effective in the reduction of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. We next examined the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), a pivotal target for anti-obesity. We found that treatment with rosiglitazone induced the transactivation of $PPAR-{\gamma}$. Under the same condition, $800{\mu}g/mL$ EBN reduced the transactivation of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ in rosiglitazone-induced cells. These results demonstrate that EBN-inhibited adipocyte differentiation was accompanied by $PPAR-{\gamma}$ inhibition. The study also tested whether EBN exhibits an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting tube formation in HUVECs. We found that EBN effectively inhibits tube formation, suggesting that EBN exhibited an anti-angiogenic effect. Taken together, B. nivea can be used as a functional food for the prevention of obesity and angiogenesis-related diseases including cancer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1275-1281
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• 2005

The $G_{q/11}$ protein-coupled receptors, such as muscarinic (M1 & M3) receptors, have been shown to regulate the release of a soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP$\alpha$) produced from $\alpha$-secretase processing. However, there is no direct evidence for the precise characteristics of G proteins, and the signaling mechanism for the regulation of $G_{q/11}$ protein-coupled receptor mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release is not clearly understood. This study examined whether the muscarinic receptor-mediated release of sAPP$\alpha$ is directly regulated by $G\alpha_{q/11}$ proteins. The HEK293 cells were transiently cotransfected with muscarinic M3 receptors and a dominant-negative minigene construct of the G protein $\alpha$ subunit. The sAPP$\alpha$ release in the media was measured using an antibody specific for sAPP. The sAPP$\alpha$ release enhancement induced by muscarinic receptor stimulation was decreased by a $G_{q/11}$ minigene construct, whereas it was not blocked by a control minigene construct (the G$\alpha$ carboxy peptide in random order, G$\alpha_{q}$R) or $G\alpha_{j}$ constructs. This indicated a direct role of the $G\alpha_{q/11}$ protein in the regulation of muscarinic M3 receptor-mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release. We also investigated whether the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a muscarinic agonist could regulate the sAPP$\alpha$ release in SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of a specific EGFR kinase inhibitor, tyrophostin AG1478 (250 nM), blocked the EGF-stimulated sAPP$\alpha$ release, but did not block the oxoM­stimulated sAPP$\alpha$ release. This demonstrated that the transactivation of the EGFR by muscarinic receptor activation was not involved in the muscarinic receptor-mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.548-553
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• 2019

Ets-1 is a prototype of the ETS protein family. Members of the ETS protein family contain a unique ETS domain. Ets-1 is associated with cancer progression and metastasis in many types of cancer. Many studies have shown a link between elevated expression of Ets-1 in cancer biopsies and poor survival. CCR7 is a chemokine that binds to specific ligand CCL21/CCL19. CCR7 expression is associated with tumor metastasis and infiltration into lymph nodes. The objective of this study was to test whether Ets-1 could regulate CCR7 expression and enhance tumor metastasis. Our data showed that CCR7 expression was downregulated in Ets-1-deficient T cells upon T-cell stimulation. Overexpression of Ets-1 increased CCR7 expression in breast cancer cell lines. In contrast, knockdown of Ets-1 reduced CCR7 expression. Ets-1 could directly bind to CCR7 promoter and mediate CCR7 expression in luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Transactivation activity of Ets-1 was independent of the Pointed domain of Ets-1. Ets-1 could also enhance $NF-{\kappa}B$ and CBP transactivation of CCR7 promoter. Our results also showed that Ets-1 could modulate cancer cell transmigration by altering CCR7 expression in transwell assay and wound healing assay. Taken together, our data suggest that Ets-1 can enhance CCR7 expression and contribute to tumor cell migration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.324-332
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to examine if transient transfection of CAR can transactivate CYP2B1 PBRU reporter gene in COS cells in which the endogenous CYP2B1 gene is not induced by PB. In non-transfeced cells of both Hep G2 and COS, the endogeneous expression of CAR was not detected by antibody against CAR. When cultured cells were transfected with CAR expression plasmid, mCAR1-GFP, both cell types expressed high levels of CAR protein and could allow to examine the effect of CAR in PBRU transactivation. Both cell types expressed endogenous RXR and transfection of RXR expression plasmid dramatically increased its protein expression. Whereas CAR transactivated PBRU2C1Luciferase about 12 fold as compared to 2C1Luciferase in Hep G2 cells, it did not stimulate the luciferase activity of the PBRU reporter gene in COS cells. These results indicate that Hep G2 cells can respond to CAR differently from COS cells, and suggest that factors other than CAR and RXR may be required in inducing PBRU activation and the expression of these factors may be different between liver and kidney.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2056-2060
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• 2007

Transcription factor GATA-3 is the critical transcription factor for Th2 cell differentiation. In spite of its importance in Th2 cell differentiation, the molecular mechanism for its action in Th2 differentiation is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that GATA-3 may be involved in the chromatin remodeling in the Th2 cytokine locus. To determine whether GATA-3 exerts its effect on its target sites in the extrachromosomal status, cell transfection assay was performed. In this assay, 800 bp IL4 promoter-luciferase constructs linked with GATA-3 target sites were transfected into the M12 B cell line, D10 mouse Th2 cell lines, and human T lymphoma Jurkat cell lines with or without the GATA-3 expression vector. The GATA-3 effects on its target sites were minimal in the extrachromosomal status, supporting the previous propositions that GATA-3 functions at the chromatin level by remodeling chromatin structure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 1997

The role of cAMP in the differentiation process of F9 cells induced by ginsenosides was examined by performing transient transfixion assay with CRE-luciferase reporter plasmid, GR thansactivation assay with GRE-luciferase activity with or without treatment of CAMP and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and protein klnase A assay in the presence of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides had no effect on CRE-transactivation activity, whereas retinoic acid induced the activity. When cAMP or forskolin was treated with ginsenosides, GRE-luciferase activity was further augumented by them. In addition, ginsenosides induced protein kinase A activity in the presence of cAMP. These results suggest that ginsenosides activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A which, in turn, increase GR activity in F9 cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 1995

The upstream regulatory region (URR) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) contains promoters and a conditional transcriptional enhancer that is trans-activated by the viral E2 protein. After deleting the 5' and 3' ends of BPV URR, BamHI linkers were inserted into several positions of BPV URR without causing an addition or a deletion of URR sequences. Most linker scanning mutations did not show any effects on the transcription of P7940 and P89 promoters in BPV URR. However, several mutants showed reduced transcriptional activities. Based on our results we found that the AP-2 and Sp1 binding sites were important for basal level transcription of BPV URR in the absence of the E2 protein and that the CTF/NF-1 site is dispensable for E2 transactivation of BPV URR transcription.