• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-113
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if virtual reality-based exercise was effective in balance, gait, and falls efficacy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Thirty patients with PD were assigned randomly to the experimental (n=15) or control groups (n=15). The experimental group performed virtual reality-based exercise and the control group underwent conventional physical therapy for 30minutes, five times per week for four weeks. A force platform system, the Korean version of the Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS), the six-minute walking test (6MWT), and the Korean Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (K-FES) were used to evaluate balance, gait, and falls efficacy. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to examine the within- and between-group differences after training, respectively. RESULTS: Changes in the K-BBS score (p<.001) and fall efficacy (p<.01), following the intervention were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group whereas significant group difference were not observed for the anterior-posterior and mediolateral postural sway lengths. The change in the ground reaction force (p<.001) and 6MWT values (p<.05) were significantly greater after intervention in patients in the experimental group than in the control group, whereas a significant group difference was not observed for the step and stride lengths. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that virtual reality-based exercise is an effective intervention for improving balance, gait, and fall efficacy in patients with PD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1995

Eighteen Holstein Friesian ${\times}$ Native heifers with an average live weight of $175.4{\pm}27.8kg$ were allotted to 3 dietary groups. All animals were kept individually in a stanchion barn with free access to water and urea-treated rice straw (UTS). The supplemented feeds were as follows: Group (Gr) 1 - concentrate mixture (15% CP) at 1% body weight (BW), Gr 2 - concentrate mixture at 0.7% BW + free licking of multinutrient block (MNB), Gr 3 - as Gr 2 + 0.3% BW ground com. Multinutrient block composed of 20% mineral mixture, 10% urea, 18% molasses, 20% soybean meal, 22% sesame meal, 10% cement, 0.15 million IU and 50 IU/kg MNB of vitamin A and E. The experimental period lasted 12 weeks. The result revealed that MNB enhanced intake of UTS and total dry matter intake. Animals in Gr 3 consumed a higher amount of feed than the other 2 groups, thus resulting in the highest live weight gain and tended to possess the best feed conversion ratio. Heifers in Gr 2 also performed better than Gr 1 although the difference was not significant. Average MNB intake found to be 0.65 kg/day. Feed cost per kg gain was not significantly different amon groups. However if the cost of MNB could be lower, it would benefit the production cost of animals. The advantage of MNB is the safety of using a high level of urea. Although it was supplemented to UTS which also contained non-protein nitrogen (NPN), no toxic sign was shown. The results indicated that MNB could be partially substituted to concentrate mixture and it was even better when used incombination with soluble carbohydrate feed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.911-916
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to review and suggest coastal shipping policies for introduction of WIG craft into domenstic passenger shipping market. Two Korean companies are leading in the development of WIG craft as an innovative sea transportation vehicle, and it is awaiting for commercialization. WIG craft is expected to be commercialized from coastal passenger market and we used AHP method to investigate the major factors and its' priority for smooth market entry. The results shows that priorities are on the WIG craft legislation, dock installation and operation, port state control, and pilot hiring and training, craft maintenance, and ship's certification in order.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 2014

The information on the land cover along stream corridor is important for stream restoration and maintenance activities. This study aims to review the different classification methods for mapping the status of stream corridors in Seom River using airborne RGB and CIR digital ortho imagery with a ground pixel resolution of 0.2m. The maximum likelihood classification, minimum distance classification, parallelepiped classification, mahalanobis distance classification algorithms were performed with regard to the improvement methods, the skewed data for training classifiers and filtering technique. From these results follows that, in aerial image classification, Maximum likelihood classification gave results the highest classification accuracy and the CIR image showed comparatively high precision.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

Objectives: More than 80% of unintentional injury was related to risk-taking behaviors involved in child accidents. Therefore, diverse care and concerns on safety should be provided from teachers as well as parents to build child safety behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of safety concerns from students, teachers, and parents on elementary students' safety behaviors in Korea. Methods: The 5th and 6th grade students participated in this study in 14 elementary schools in Korea and the total number of students was 1,033. The study schools were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method throughout 7 metropolitan areas in Korea. Data were collected by the self-administered survey and the questionnaires were delivered to the vice-principals of the designated schools by ground postal service and the vice-principals conducted survey data collection. The questions on students' safety concerns, teachers' safety concerns, parents' safety concerns, safety practices, safety education, and demographics were included in the survey. All survey responses were encoded into SPSS program and t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were utilized. Results: The students taking accidents one time more per year were more than 60% and the two thirds of them recognized that their accidents were due to their risk behaviors. Parents' education on safety practices was more frequent than teachers' education; furthermore, teachers' concerns on safety behaviors were poorer than students' or parents' concerns. In terms of safety behaviors, the scores of fire and home-related safety behavior were high but the scores of traffic and bicycle, in particular, helmet wearing practice were low. Three concerns from students, parents, and teachers all were significantly related to children's safety behaviors. Conclusions: In conclusion, safety concerns from the close networks are the important indicator of child safety behaviors and, the safety training programs, therefore, for parents and teachers as well as for students need to be developed for improving children's safe behaviors.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

The maritime sector is advancing with dedicated endeavor to reduce greenhouse gas in addressing issues with regards to global warming. Since 01 January 2013, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation mandatory requirement for Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been in place and should be satisfied by newly-built ships of more than 400 gross tonnage and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships type. Therefore, compliance to this necessitates planning during the design stage whereas verification can be carried-out through an acceptable method during sea trial. The MEPC-approved 2013 guidance, ISO 15016 and ISO 19019 on EEDI serves the purpose for calculation and verification of attained EEDI value. Individual ships EEDI value should be lower than the required value set by these regulations. The key factors for EEDI verification are power and speed assessment and their synchronization. The shaft power can be measured by telemeter system using strain gage during sea trial. However, calibration of shaft power onboard condition is complicated. Hence, it relies only on proficient technology that operates within the permitted ISO allowance. On the other hand, the ship speed can be measured and calibrated by differential ground positioning system (DGPS). An actual test on a newly-built vessel was carried out to assess the correlation of power and speed. The Energy-efficiency Design Index or Operational Indicator Monitoring System (EDiMS) software developed by the Dynamics Laboratory-Mokpo Maritime University (DL-MMU) and Green Marine Equipment RIS Center (GMERC) of Mokpo Maritime University was utilized for this investigation. In addition, the software can continuously monitor air emission and is a useful tool for inventory and ship energy management plan. This paper introduces the synchronization and identification method between shaft power and ship speed for EEDI verification in accordance with the ISO guidance.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.182-192
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• 2002

Childhood Cancer Foundation of ROC(CCFROC) has been founded since 1982. Its goal is to provide comprehensive care for cancer children and their families. And in turn, under the provision of good and complete care, they can be back to the school and society. To achieve this goal, it needs to get every body's effort of the society together. The foundation has been founder under this concept and tried to fulfil this task. The first step is to educate the public to know that childhood cancer can be cured and the process of treatment is long and expensive. In order to reach this life-saving procedure, campaigns for raising money is most important thing. Then, pediatric hematologists / oncologists try to organize study group, named Taiwan Pediatric Qncology Goupp(TPOG), to make treatment protocols for childhood cancers. Its primary purpose is to increase the cure rate to prove the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. The second step is to provide full support of medical expenses and further to give help for emergent need to living. Through the varieties of active exercises of cancer children or families, foundation provides opportunities for them to share the experience during the different periods of diseases. The third step is to extend the scope of training activities for many kinds of personnel who devote to the care for cancer children. On the other hand, it promotes the cooperation or communication with international organizations and sets up recreation playing ground in the communities. The aim is to provide a comprehensive and integrated care for cancer children during their education, breeding and even accomplishment period. Besides the financial support of medical care, it provides social services to give psychological support for children and their families, to strengthen doctor-patients or doctor-families relationship. The foundation provides the mourning religious activities to cherish the memory of their children who passed away and to comfort their sadness. Since the childhood cancer is curable, its treatment should be active, comprehensive and it needs to provide to all cancer children without exception. Indeed, the work of CCFROC should be changed according to the environment and different time period. But, it needs the full support from the society. We hope the scope and content of the work will be more extended and its achievement will be better than now in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

In this paper, a new face detection method that is more accurate than the conventional methods is proposed. This method utilizes a hybrid of Hausdorff distance based on the geometric similarity between the two sets of points and the LBP distance based on the distribution of local micro texture of an image. The parameters for normalization and the optimal blending factor of the two different metrics were calculated from training sample images. Popularly used face database was used to show that the proposed method is more effective and robust to the variation of the pose, illumination, and back ground than the methods based on the Hausdorff distance or LBP distance. In the particular case, the average error distance between the detected and the true face location was reduced to 47.9% of the result of LBP method, and 22.8% of the result of Hausdorff method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2017

The discipline of plant breeding is experiencing a renaissance impacting crop improvement as a result of new technologies, however fundamental questions remain for predicting the phenotype and how the environment and genetics shape it. Inexpensive DNA sequencing, genotyping, new statistical methods, high throughput phenotyping and gene-editing are revolutionizing breeding methods and strategies for improving both quantitative and qualitative traits. Genomic selection (GS) models use genome-wide markers to predict performance for both phenotyped and non-phenotyped individuals. Aerial and ground imaging systems generate data on correlated traits such as canopy temperature and normalized difference vegetative index that can be combined with genotypes in multivariate models to further increase prediction accuracy and reduce the cost of advanced trials with limited replication in time and space. Design of a GS training population is crucial to the accuracy of prediction models and can be affected by many factors including population structure and composition. Prediction models can incorporate performance over multiple environments and assess GxE effects to identify a highly predictive subset of environments. We have developed a methodology for analyzing unbalanced datasets using genome-wide marker effects to group environments and identify outlier environments. Environmental covariates can be identified using a crop model and used in a GS model to predict GxE in unobserved environments and to predict performance in climate change scenarios. These new tools and knowledge challenge the plant breeder to ask the right questions and choose the tools that are appropriate for their crop and target traits. Contemporary plant breeding requires teams of people with expertise in genetics, phenotyping and statistics to improve efficiency and increase prediction accuracy in terms of genotypes, experimental design and environment sampling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if auditory cues velocity has a greater effect on the gait pattern of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than the cues applied individually. METHODS: The subjects were 15 elderly patients diagnosed with PD, 15 healthy elderly persons. Patients were measured of three conditions performed in random order: slow, general, fast. The auditory cue velocity consisted of a metronome beat ${\pm}20%$ than the subject's general gait speed. Using a motion analysis and a force platform measurement system, changes in spatiotemporal variables, kinetic and kinematic variables were compared to gait analysis. RESULTS: Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant difference in the spatiotemporal variables with regard to the cadence, stride length, support time, step length, double support time (p<.05). Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant increase general and fast velocity gait than slow velocity gait in the maximum flexion in swing phase of knee joint (p<.05). There appears to be the aspect of an increasing ground reaction force (GRF) on the first peak in the vertical axis (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Auditory cues velocity improved of spatio-temporal factors, kinematic and kinetic factors depending on the velocity of the faster. Therefore at the rehabilitation training of PD patients auditory cues velocity would be used for recovery and gait reeducation, may arise through the patients functional ability.