• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.1249-1252
• /
• 2022

In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework that identifies video frames in motion containing the movement of people and vehicles in traffic videos. The automatic selection of video frames in motion is an important topic in security and surveillance video because the number of videos to be monitored simultaneously is simply too large due to limited human resources. The conventional method to identify the areas in motion is to compute the differences over consecutive video frames, which has been costly because of its high computational complexity. In this paper, we reduced the overall complexity by examining only the keyframes (or I-frames). The basic assumption is that the time period between I-frames is rather shorter (e.g., 1/10 ~ 3 secs) than the usual length of objects in motion in video (i.e., pedestrian walking, automobile passing, etc.). The proposed method estimates the possibility of videos containing motion between I-frames by evaluating the difference of consecutive I-frames with the long-time statistics of the previously decoded I-frames of the same video. The experimental results showed that the proposed method showed more than 80% accuracy in short surveillance videos obtained from different locations while keeping the computational complexity as low as 20 % compared to the HM decoder.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2024

This paper proposes a logistic multinomial regression approach to model the spatial cross-correlation of damage probabilities among different damage states in an expanded transportation network. Utilizing Bayesian theory and the multinomial logistic model, we analyze the damage states and probabilities of bridges while incorporating damage correlation. This correlation is considered both between bridges in a network and within each bridge's damage states. The correlation model of damage probabilities is applied to the seismic assessment of a portion of Tehran's transportation network, encompassing 26 bridges. Additionally, we introduce extra daily traffic time (EDTT) as an operational parameter of the transportation network and employ the shortest path algorithm to determine the path between two nodes. Our results demonstrate that incorporating the correlation of damage probabilities reduces the travel time of the selected network. The average decrease in travel time for the correlated case compared to the uncorrelated case, using two selected EDTT models, is 53% and 71%, respectively.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.72-81
• /
• 2014

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) suggested the three methodology, Tier 1/2/3, considering with the accuracy and difficulty of greenhouse gas emission statistics according to the report determined as the international criterion. In Korea, the existing inventory building was made by the Top-down approach applying with the emission factors for transportation in the entire energy consumption, the emission factors were investigated under the domestic traffic situation which did not reflect by the continuing increase of vehicle and the change of road section. From the suggestion of IPCC, which it is estimated that the emission estimation of $CO_2$ in greenhouse gas emission could be calculated more accurate by the carbon content according to the fuel, the establishment of measures to respond to climate change from the latest greenhouse gas emissions statistics will be able to improve the accuracy of national statistics using monthly or seasonally the analysis of carbon content about the transportation fuels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2002

For many rears, traffic accident statistics are the most direct measure of safety for a signalized intersection. However it takes more than 2 or 3 yearn to collect certain accident data for adequate sample sizes. And the accident data itself is unreliable because of the difference between accident data recorded and accident that is actually occurred. Therefore, it is rather difficult to evaluate safety for a intersection by using accident data. For these reasons, traffic conflict technique(TCT) was developed as a buick and accurate counter-measure of safety for a intersection. However, the collected conflict data is not always reliable because there is absence of clear criteria for conflict. This study developed objective and accurate conflict criteria, which is shown below based on traffic engineering theory. Frist, the rear-end conflict is regarded, when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against the first vehicle within a certain distance, according to car-following theory. Second, lane-change conflict is regarded when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against first vehicle which is changing its lane within the minimum stopping distance of the following vehicle. Third, cross and opposing-left turn conflicts are regarded when the vehicle which receives green sign takes evasive maneuver against the vehicle which lost its right-of-way crossing a intersection. As a result of correlation analysis between conflict and accident, it is verified that the suggested conflict criteria in this study ave applicable. And it is proven that estimating safety evaluation for a intersection with conflict data is possible, according to the regression analysis preformed between accident and conflict, EPDO accident and conflict. Adopting the conflict criteria suggested in this study would be both quick and accurate method for diagnosing safety and operational deficiencies and for evaluation improvements at intersections. Further research is required to refine the suggested conflict criteria to extend its application. In addition, it is necessary to develope other types of conflict criteria, not included in this study, in later study.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.435-443
• /
• 2013

While rural highways carry on lower traffic volumes, the deviations of running speeds between vehicles appear to be higher on rural highways than urban highways. The speed characteristic of rural highways is adding to pedestrian-related accidents which occur on a crosswalk with poor sight distance due to the limits of car headlights and lighting. Specially, the aged was mostly occupied in nighttime-related accidents on crosswalks, and pedestrians crossing on the far side of approaching vehicles appear to have the probability of fatality higher than the near side. An alternative is needed to resolve the compounded accidents, and then this study is to establish a new approach to an optimum lighting environment on a crosswalk to improve pedestrian safety. This study was conducted by a survey and a field study on the lighting of existing crosswalks. The field study shows that the existing lighting has the problem of wasting energy and impeding walking due to glare. The survey shows that nighttime sight distance on a crosswalk is required to improve and that road users prefer to be brighter pedestrian waiting space together with the crosswalk. Thus, a lighting environment that is not too bright and illuminates the crosswalk and the pedestrian waiting space is needed to implement.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2009

VMS(Variable Message Sign) which makes the traffic flow smooth by providing traffic information to road users in real-time has been being installed or operated on the road as part of the detailed ITS system. However, some problems were found as a result of survey on express way currently. In the part of the phase operation, the message interpretation time wasn't defined so that the phase operation was difficult. In the part of the information service, not considering characteristic of the VMS section caused the confusion to drivers. In the part of the message exposure, font, alignment, conversion and composition of the information were not consistent and use of superfluous words and inconsistent use of word having the same meaning brought about the problem on information communication This study established the detailed exposure method based on instructions relative to VMS operation. The method established by defining the number of appropriate phase and setting required function of each individual VMS installation location. The method is as follow. the font type is the GULIM, the message conversion method is simple conversion method, the alignment method is centering alignment method and the color is defined according to each situation. In this study, the preference survey was performed to review the validity of the proposed improvement through the common driver. The results were similar with the pre-study except for the font type. This study established the detailed exposure method based on instructions relative to VMS operation. The method established by defining the number of appropriate phase and setting required function of individual VMS installation location. For the evaluation of status and improvement, preference survey of ordinary drivers and statistics analysis was carried.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2012

This study has been conducted to characterize the relations between the accident rate and the overlap section elements where the horizontal alignment and vertical alignment are overlapped. The researches were performed on Horizontal curve sections of 4-lane highways with 100km/h of design speed and speed limit. Korea Highway Corporation's Geographic Figurative Information System was adopted for geometric organization and Highway Traffic Accident Statistics was used. The results reveal that sections made of a single slope without vertical curve has greater accident rate than those with vertical curve, and that sections with 1 vertical curve are higher in the accident rate than those with over 2 vertical curve. For the sections with 1 vertical curve, SAG sections are higher than CREST sections and for the previous straight section of horizontal curve are higher than curved ones. In particular, when the road surface is wet, the accident rate is closely related with SAG vertical curves or leftward horizontal curved sections. This study will have meanings that it proposes the importance of design of road alignment by taking consideration of 3D synthetic alignment conditions for improvement of the road safety.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2009

According to the accident statistics published by the National Police Agency in 2007, the number of commercial vehicle(city, suburb and other buses) accidents consumes 3.5 percent of the total number of traffic accidents in this year. Since the commercial vehicles are responsible for not only the drivers but also the passengers, it leads more serious social and economic problems. There have been various forms of systems such as a digital speedometer or a black box to meet the social requirement for reducing traffic accidents and safe driving. however the system based on the data after accident control the driver by analyze dangerous drive behaviors, so there is a limit to control driver in real-time. Also speedometer currently managed provide the driver warning information in real-time, but using only the speed of vehicle and RPM information regardless of actual dangerous drive behaviors, disappear the effectiveness. In this study performed a simulation for drivers in general using a simulator programed with dangerous driving types we had developed in the previous study and judging the types. It'd be more effective system to provide the drivers warning information using weight valued in this study. However in this study is limited to apply weight as a result of simulation of drivers in general in actual situation should be made up the deficit based on information of driving type of actual commercial vehicles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2013

This Study analyzed the electric car effect on the Korea Expressway System in terms of year 2020 $CO_2$ emission. The analysis was based on the green car dissemination goal by the government and year 2010 emission statistics. Major contents performed in the study area were as follows. First, the greenhouse gases emitted from the highways were found to be approximately 17.3 million tons of $CO_2$ as of 2010. Analysis showed the emission would be 17.4 million tons in 2015 and 16.2 million tons in 2020. The results in the pattern reflect the effect of O/D on the KTBD and the trend of traffic increase from 2015 to 2020 followed by decrease in 2020. Second, in the case of greenhouse gas emission with the anticipated supply of electric cars, the amount of emission in 2015 will be 17.1 million tons, which is about 2.0% reduction compared to the lack of introduction of electric cars. The analysis also showed that in 2020, the amount of emission will be 14.2 million tons, which indicates the effect of reduction is 12.8% compared to non implementation of the program.