• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.10
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• pp.920-929
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• 2014

Recently, embedded system which demand is explosively increasing in the fields of communication, traffic, medical and industry facilities, expands to cyber physical system (CPS) which monitors and controls the networked embedded systems. In addition, internet of things(IoT) technology using wearable devices such as Google Glass, Samsung Galaxy Gear and Sony Smart Watch are gaining attention. In this situation, Samsung Smart Home and LG Home Chat are released one after another. However, since these services can be available only between smart phones and home appliances, there is a disadvantage that information cannot be passed to other terminals without commercial global messaging server. In this paper, to solve above issues, we propose the structure of an indoor location network based on unit space, which prevents the information of the devices or each individual person from leaking to outside and can selectively communicate to all existent terminals in the network using IoT chatting. Also, it is possible to control general devices and prevent external leakage of private information.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2008

It is critical to develop a core ITS technology such as real-time travel time estimation in order that the efficient use of the ITS implementation can be achieved as the ITS infrastructure and relevant facilities are broadly installed in recent years. The provision of travel time information in real-time allows travellers to make informed decisions and hence not only the traveller's travel utilities but also the road utilization can be maximized. In this paper, a hybrid model is proposed to combine VDS and AVI which have different characteristics in terms of space and time dimensions. The proposed model can incorporate the immediacy of VDS data and the reality of AVI data into one single framework simultaneously. In addition, the solution algorithm is made to have no significant computational burden so that the model can be deployable in real world. A set of real field data is used to analyze the reliability and applicability of the proposed model. The analysis results suggest that the proposed model is very efficient computationally and improves the accuracy of the information provided, which demonstrates the real-time applicability of the proposed model. In particular, the data fusion methodology developed in this paper is expected to be used more widely when a new type of traffic data becomes available.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of sustainability of marine sport events by types of events and thus to provide fundamental information that helps developing sustainable marine sport events. In order to accomplish such the purpose, this study employed survey methodology with a total of 285 visitors to marine sport events. Questionnaires were developed based on Tripple Bottom Line theory suggested by previous research and validated throughout a panel of experts to check out content validity. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA with Scheffe post hoc tests. Accordingly following findings were derived from current study. First, among 12 positive sustainability variables, marine space improvement had the highest mean score(M=3.82) but creation of jobs had the lowest mean score(M=3.46). Among 11 negative sustainability variables, traffic jab had the highest mean score(M=3.16) but conflict between participants and residents had the lowest mean score(M=2.73). Second, a festival typed marine sport event had the significantly high mean scores in all positive sustainability index including economic sustainability(M=3.79), social sustainability(M=3.84) and environmental sustainability(M=3.80). Third, a business typed marine sport event had the relatively higher mean scores in all negative sustainability index including economic sustainability(M=3.22), social sustainability(M=3.26) and environmental sustainability(M=3.25). In conclusion, these findings suggest that marine sport event organizers concentrate on marine sport event with more sustainability potentials.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2006

Changing of industry structure and development of traffic and telecommunications requires a change of the knowledge about the space where the human beings reside. Step by step the world is being divided into specified utility blocks. Today there is a limit that only one local government can compete with another region in the world. This study provides decision support tools with the use of GIS on the regional level for regions competition. GIS establishes regions and analyzes their geographic environment data, which will help in local-government problem solving and provide framework data for similar regions to become the community. The wide-area GIS application can present an objective and rational basis for regulation of inefficient investments and excessive competition between adjacent regions. The study area is Gangwon-do. Considering specific features of Gangwon-do which preserved high-quality environment resources, river basins were taken as a basis among natural regional elements. The main object of analysis conducted were the facts relevant to environmental regulation. The Gangwon-do consists of three regions in this study: Yongdong region, North-Hangang region and South-Hangang region. The analysis of each region regulation cases showed the following: in Youngdong region the forests regulation rate is high, in North-Hangang region the military installations protection sector's rate as well as regulation rate for water resources protection is relatively high, in South-Hangang region the forest and water resources regulation rate is high. The percentage of forests and water regulation rate appeared to be rather high in Gangwon-do, which means that the value of forest and water resources there is very high.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2014

This study is to analyze the physical environment and conduct spatial data for bicycle road system in changwon. Index for evaluation index was developed based on literatures. Then the level of importance and weight have been modified through experts review. Finally, index with eight categories such as greenness(40% over), bicycle road connectivity(1.8, 9.8%), road type bike(bicycle lane, 24.4%), pave type(asphalt 72.5%), illegal parking(none, 93.9%), bike road surface visibility(exist, 46.8%), vehicle speed limits(30km, under), vehicle traffic(500/hr under, 44.3%) have been applied to empirical investigation. Collected data has been hierarchically classification by ArcGIS Program. The Highest grades(score 31-35, level 1) occupied 35% of target destination. High level of greenness and load type has contributed to high score. In addition, average level of greenness of those destination was 35% and higher, which provide high degree of security and freshness for bicycle riding. Meanwhile, lowest level(level 5, which earned 15 point or less) occupied 24.5%. illegal parking, low level of greenness, and no surface sign caused low score.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

On the Staggered Crosswalks, pedestrians cross the crosswalks two times. This method can reduce the cycle, the vehicle delay and the walking distance by increasing the major direction of green time. The safety of pedestrians is also effective. This study suggests the warrant of the facilities of island width and length etc. by considering the road structure and pedestrians. Also this study suggests the standard of the safety through the accident analysis of Staggered crosswalks and General Crosswalks. In the results, accident rate of the Staggered Crosswalks 18.3(100 million vehicle-km) was lower than the accident rate of the General Crosswalks 28.3(100million vehicle-km). By understanding the start point of crossing of the Staggered Crosswalks, the analysis of the location and types of accident suggests the safety zone(spare space). The setting warrants of Staggered Crosswalks are 4 lane over the road and the 2 meter over sidewalk width of island. The minimum length of the Pedestrian island was doubled compared to the crosswalks width. And the maximum length was set by considering the wait time of the pedestrians.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to derive education programs for safety training class, create unit spaces and present components and methods of utilizing the spaces for the development of facilities models closely related to various policy, operation plan and facility construction projects promoted by related institutions such as the Ministry of Education, schools, architects and companies. This study is divided into five steps. First, we reviewed the literature related basic directions for safety education and facility plan, second, field survey included both field conditions such as spatial size and facility configuration and analysis of operating conditions like hours of operation and personnel. Base on literature review and field survey, it were used to analyze strengths and weaknesses of existing safety training classes, and five facility models was developed based on the Delphi method and expert participatory design. The result show that the facility models (drafts) of safety training class were developed as follows: (1)the facility model for traffic safety(pedestrian safety, vehicle safety, subway safety) (2)the facility model for first aid(emergency rescue, how to report) (3)the facility model for disaster safety(fire evacuation safety, life earthquake safety) (4)the facility model for elevator safety(elevator safety, escalator safety) (5)the facility model for drugs and violence safety (smoking drinking, sexual harassment safety, food safety) The safety training class can be composed by combining or separating each module according to affordable space size of each school.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.65-66
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• 2004

There have been groves, in many cases, along with hedgerows and remnant forests around a traditional Korean village. A village grove is very closely connected to the life of residents. Sometimes it was a holy place where important village festivals were held, and became a resting place for farmers, especially in sunny summer. As a matter of fact, it is noted that traditional Korean village groves had been fostered for many purpose as religion, Confucianism, scenery, sanitation, traffic guard, public security, agriculture, hunting, and military and public uses were included in Chosun Govemor General(1938). Village groves were usually located at the outlet of watershed inside which a village was built. In addition, village groves used to be established along part of mountain ranges, streams and streets. A unique type of village grove, called bibosoop was fostered especially where the outlet of watershed was largely opened. In other cases, it was placed where a part of mountain range was relatively low, or where village residents were likely to see ugly objects such as a huge cliff, stony upland with an unvegetated area and the like(Kim and Jang 1994). In a sense, a sheltebelt is a sort of bibosoop as it is a landscape element to complement places that are exposed to strong winds. However, it is comparable to other typical bibosoop that is situated at a topographically very specific zone of watershed. In this paper, we will address potential functions of Korean village groves from a perspective of modern landscape ecology and show current status of some remnants, based on preliminary surveys. A village grove functions as barrier or filter of objects such as water, nutrients, and other elements and habitat of wildlife (park et al. 2003, Lee 2004). The village grove slows down the flow of water and air, maintains soil moisture an hinders soil erosion, enabling cultivation of crops and bringing up creatures nearby. It contributes to enhancing biodiversity. Birds rest on shrubby and woody trees of the element. Presumably, other organisms may also inhabit the village groves and take advantage of it when those move from a forest patch to others. Emerging insects acclimate themselves in the shade of the green space before they fly to sunny air. Besides the village grove acts as a component of agroforestry system as leaf litter is shed from a grove to an asjacent agricultural area, and transformed into green manure(Lee 2004). By the way, many of the landscape elements were destroyed or declined in Koea during the past several decades. The losses have been parallel or linked to environmental degradation. Unfortunately, we have a little reliable data as for how many groves have disappeared in Korea until now. There has been no complete census on the village groves in Korea, and the viewpoints of survey were to a degree different depending on surveyors. So, it is difficult to analyze the temporal and spatial change of village groves. Currently, national inventory data of Korean village groves are available in three reports. We reviewed the locations of village groves and arranged those according to the present administrative units, DONG. With the limited data, we found that at least 484 of village groves were recorded in South Korea. Among all provinces, village groves were most in Gyeongsanbuk-Do Province and least in Chungcheongbuk-Do Province(Table 1). This is a preliminary report prepared while some quantitative data regarding functions and lossers of the village groves are being collected. More detailed data will be introduced in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2004

The appropriate care to the dental emergency patients is much important in the aspect of community dental service. To attain such a purpose, the sacred duty of the training of oral and maxillofacial surgeons is required. So, a retrospective study on the characteristics of dental injuries and diseases in emergency care unit will be very meaningful. This study was carried by reviewing the charts and radiographic films of 3,394 patients, treated for dental emergency at Wonju Christian Hospital, Republic of Korea, from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2002. All patients were classified to 6 groups including trauma, toothache, infection, hemorrhage, TMJ disorder and the others. The clinical characteristics of diseases and treatment modalities according to each group were analyzed. The trauma (73.9%) was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, and acute toothache, odontogenic infection, oral hemorrhage, and TMJ disorder were next in order. Gender prediction was male (68%), there were many patients on May and December in the monthly frequency, and the most frequent age group was from 0 to 9 years. In the trauma group, male (68.6%) was predominant, and soft tissue injuries and primary closures were the most frequent type of injury and treatment. In jaw fractures, traffic accidents were the most cause and the weakest site was mandibular symphysis area, and mandibular angle, condyle, and body area were next in order. In the acute toothache group, the cause was dental pulpitis mostly and treatment for that was drug administration mainly. Buccal space abscess in infection group had the largest incidence (24.5%), and common treatments were incision and drainage and medications. In the hemorrhage group, a major cause was postoperative bleeding (60.3%) and hemostasis was obtained by pressure dressing, curettage and suture. For the TMJ disorder group, the peak incidence (63.8%) was shown in the post-traumatic myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome and its primary care was medication such as analgesics and sedatives. In the other group, the various specific symptoms were complained due to acute sialadenitis, trigeminal neuralgia, acute stomatitis, chemical burn, terminal stage neuritis of head and neck cancer, and foreign body aspiration. In conclusion, for the rapid and proper care of the emergency dental diseases, well-trained education should be presented to the intern and resident course of oral and maxillofacial surgery. And it is demanded that oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be prepared in knowledge and skill for such emergency care.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

This study investigated current status of rest area for drowsy drivers on the highways and drew the related issues to define specifications and design criteria regarding expressway rest area for drowsy drivers on the highways. Based on the investigation result, geometric structure specifications and improvement plans are suggested. The entry part of a rest area for drowsy drivers on the highways was divided into deceleration transition section, deceleration lane and entry connection road while the exit part was divided into exit connection road, acceleration lane and acceleration transition section. The optimum length was estimated by considering the main lane vehicle traveling speed, traveling speed at the beginning/end point of entry/exit connection roads, deceleration and acceleration. In addition, reasonable design criteria were suggested by dividing the parking section of rest area for drowsy drivers according to parking style and cross-section composition, and length of parking space and then considering the ratio of vehicles using rest area for drowsy drivers, the ratio of heavy vehicles, and the design speed within a rest area for drowsy drivers. It is believed that the suggested design criteria on rest area for drowsy drivers on the highways can be utilized in the future planning and maintenance of rest area for drowsy drivers. Additionally, the defined criteria on installing rest area for drowsy drivers on the highways will prevent traffic accidents in resting facilities and highways as well as improve usage and safety of them.