• 한국인구학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.117-132
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• 1982

During the period of 1962 through 1981, a total of 11. 7 million cummulative acceptors have received contraceptive services under the national family planning program. The number of annual acceptors have steadly increased from 151, 200 in 1963 to 842, 200 in 1975, and since then it has maintained the range of 600, 000 to 800, 000 acceptors per year. From the beginning of the program, the IUD had been the principal method of contraception provided by the government program until 1976, at which time the government made female sterilization services available thorough the introduction of the laparoscopy method. The popularity of female sterilization has increased very rapidly during the last few years. Out of 614, 200 program acceptors in 1981, the proportion of female sterilization and IUD acceptors were virtually the same(26.8% and 27.2% respectively). Considering various anticipated problems such as a large proportion of contraceptive users for the fertility termination and the high discontinuation rates of IUD and other traditional method, the government has emphasized the distribution of female sterilization and deemphasized condom and pill contraceptives since 1978. However, the recent service statistics has revealed that the acceptance rate of female sterilization has steadly declined since 1979. Thus, the purpose of this analysis is to review the current government policy on contraceptive distribution with emphasis of female sterilization by estimating the prospect of sterilization acceptablilty. According to the Fifth Five-Year Plan for Family Planning Program(1982-1986) the annual average target of sterilization was set up to secure 230, 000 acceptors by the government sector during the period. If the sterilization target is to be met as planned, about 80 percent of exposed women aged 30-44 will be remained as sterilized women in 1985. This means the the high acceptance rate of sterilization shown in the past years can not be expected, unless the acceptors' age of sterilization is drastically lowered below 30 years. Accordingly, the current policy on contraceptive distribution with emphasis on sterilization should be gradually changed to encourage target population to use contraceptives for birth spacing by increasing access to such contraceptives as IUDs, pills, and condoms, and to improve continuation rates through better program management system including target setting, acceptors' follow-up, supervision, and evaluation system.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1993

Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

Apartment housing is a widely-spread type in Korean housing market. Nevertheless, it has caused serious problems such as traditional community corruption, unsafe structure, defects and litigation from noise. Noise, especially in concrete structure for apartment housing, is hardly controlled in proper to prevent sound transmission between upper and lower families with existing system. In foreign countries, there are floating floor system to enhance the noise control performance in multi-family housing. This study is to examine the impact sound insulation performance of floors according to the different P'yong and Layers by field measurement in highrise building.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to provide basic data for the future development of dietary life education in elementary schools by understanding the current conditions of the program after the execution of the Dietary Life Education Support Act. We conducted a survey to understand dietary teachers' recognition of dietary life education in elementary schools. We found that teachers' recognition was low and that dietary life education in elementary schools is still carried out indirectly by focusing on nutrition knowledge. Dietary life education is carried out during lunch time and dietary life-related class hours. However teachers of lower class levels did not have any practical subject related to dietary life and responded that a lack of time devoted to dietary life education was the biggest problem with the program. Most teachers responded that dietary life education in elementary schools is necessary for the formation of students' sound dietary habits, and that the development of a system of teachers directly responsible for dietary life education is necessary. In the past, dietary life education has typically been carried out at home, but now schools are required to play a role because of family nuclearization and the increase in working couples. Therefore, to revitalize dietary life education programs in elementary schools according to the Dietary Life Education Support Act, we suggest more systematic and segmentalized studies.

• 복식
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.126-142
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• 2007

The second part of this study is to typify plural sexuality articulated with fashion images in men's and women's popular fashion magazines in Korea since 2000 and ultimately to infer sexual ideology codified in modern fashion by a framework of this study, the socio-semiotic model. From this, sexuality represented in modern fashion was typified as follows: in women's fashion Traditional Femininity, Glamor Femininity, Androgynous Femininity, Babydoll Femininity and Genderless sexuality, while in men's fashion Traditional Masculinity, Macho Masculinity, Androgynous Masculinity, Adolescent Masculinity and Genderless sexuality. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, modern fashion has been changed from a means expressing gender and class into a sign vehicle representing the new ruling system of age and sexual desire. The binary oppositional sexuality on center of man in the 19 C capitalist period has been gradually pluralized towards the post-capitalist period. Next, mainstream society in Korea is still positioned in the traditional heterosexuality, keeping the vertical power relationship between man and woman even in the post-modern period. However, the fact that both Traditional Femininity and Androgynous Femininity acquire the position of dominant femininity connotes the change of modern femininity. Finally, plural sexuality represented in modern fashion has family resemblance and it shows contextual flexibility within contemporary period as well as a historical context. As a result, sexuality floats with a specific historical and socio-cultural context, and fashion as a material culture represents a masquerade as a identity vehicle, which constructs and de-constructs sexuality at the same time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is getting information for making a plan of immigrant workers in Korea. As a first step to suggest plans for immigrant workers who have multi-cultural background, this study investigated to the domestic living of Koreans(ChoSun-Tribe) of Gillim province in China. For this, usage of domestic space questionnaire were used. Results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular LDK type was the one which kitchen was separated from living room and dining room. Most of them thought that kitchen and living room have to be separated. 2. There was no plan for laundry room specially and most houses have a washing machine in the bathroom. Most houses didn't install a bathtub in the bathroom and they didn't think that it was indispensable. 3. It was estimated that they used a living room as a multi-purpose room for the family but used a master bedroom for its own purpose. 4. They used a table and chair for meals normally but they took meals sitting on the floor with a large family or guest. 5.All of them took off the shoes inside of the house for hygienic reason. There was no plan for the space to take on-off shoes in most houses and they just put the mat on the floor for it. 6. Modified Ondol system which use water pipe under the floor was popular in apartment while most detached houses had traditional Ondol system. The satisfaction about Ondol system was very high compared to other ones and also Ondol system was the most desirable one for ChoSun-Tribe.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.475-478
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• 2008

In Korea, there has been a tendency that multi-family housings are constructed by providers such as constructors or real estate agents for the economical benefits and selling efficiency, using standardized plans, load-bearing wall system, water-based construction method, and uniformized formworks. Especially, the traditional installation works which service equipments are buried into structures cause serious problems such as shortening building life span, increasing times of remodeling during specific period (100 years) and wasting resources. Also the unilateral way of massive distribution by providers for multi-family housings is not appropriate to meet the various social needs of residents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to build long-life housing which can be easily separated installations, interior and exterior finishings from structural parts. Therefore, this paper will examine the present administrative law and the civil law in order to find negative factors that can be obstructions for providing long-life housings and set the direction to revise the regulations.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to investigate the stress of parents while they were rearing their children. Method: This study reviewed the preceding research related to parents' stress and breeding stress with consideration of modem society, family system and parents' role. Results: In the parent-child relationship, parents feel stressed when they found it difficult to come up with an expectation to the parents' role of rearing child. Therefore, considering the health of parents and children, it is important to mediate parents who are under stress. Moreover, since parents cannot handle this problem all alone, it should be discussed and solved not only by individual but also by family, and further by social context. The parent-child relationship in early infancy is a core element to the development of an individual. Parents have influence on a child's development the most and play a big role. In particular, many parents these days believe that parent-child relationship is changing in a democratic way and a couple breeds their child together. However, in reality, the relationship has not been changed and is even regarded as more difficult situation than it was in the traditional society. Parents are oppressed with not being adapted to social changes and advance, and child also feels the same. Conclusion: Parents need education and support for child rearing without having any stresses. Health care provider consider this issues and to build a healthy parent-child relationship by helping parents.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3756-3777
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• 2019

Recent internet development is helping malware researchers to generate malicious code variants through automated tools. Due to this reason, the number of malicious variants is increasing day by day. Consequently, the performance improvement in malware analysis is the critical requirement to stop the rapid expansion of malware. The existing research proved that the similarities among malware variants could be used for detection and family classification. In this paper, a Cross-Platform Malware Variant Classification System (CP-MVCS) proposed that converted malware binary into a grayscale image. Further, malicious features extracted from the grayscale image through Combined SIFT-GIST Malware (CSGM) description. Later, these features used to identify the relevant family of malware variant. CP-MVCS reduced computational time and improved classification accuracy by using CSGM feature description along machine learning classification. The experiment performed on four publically available datasets of Windows OS and Android OS. The experimental results showed that the computation time and malware classification accuracy of CP-MVCS was higher than traditional methods. The evaluation also showed that CP-MVCS was not only differentiated families of malware variants but also identified both malware and benign samples in mix fashion efficiently.