• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1055-1086
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the formation and evolution patterns of a trading zone and to explore the difficulties teachers experience in the trading zone and their perceptions of the experience. Seven teachers involved in the 'STEAM Teacher Community' in a middle school located in the southern part of South Korea participated in this study. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were carried out, and reflective essays were collected for analysis. The results show that teachers successfully formed a trading zone to share their expertise when they developed teaching materials for the convergence of different subject matters. Moreover, such a trading zone evolved in the order of pre-trading zone, trading zone under elite control, trading zone with boundary object, and trading zone of shared mental model. The difficulties teachers experienced in the trading zone were categorized under the difference of culture and opinion across subject matters, the lack of motivation for convergence, the hegemony of convergence and far-fetched factors for convergence, and difficulty of communication due to jargons. Also teachers in this study experienced perceptual changes in the trading zone. The trading zone model drawn from the results of this study bring forth implications for voluntary teachers' learning community activity for the convergence of different subject matters.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to analyze four models of global e-trade implementation which was suggested at the advance research of implementation global e-Trade with major trading countries. The main outcomes of this empirical study are as follows. For realizing global e-trade of G-Networking model country we have to implement e-trade in the field of "import & logistics". And for realizing global e-trade of P-Networking model country, it need to try in "settlement & clearance". Furthermore, for realizing global e-Trade of G-Penetration model country, we have known that the field of "import & logistics" would be implemented. Finally for realizing global e-Trade of P-Penetration model country, "settlement & clearance" could be implemented. Also, this study suggests that we have to do negotiation with China and Japan at first, and to try the area of settlement & clearance to implement the global e-Trade with Korea's 10 major trading countries.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2000

This paper presents a new object model, LOM(Lightweight Object Model) and an implementation method for the distributed trader in heterogeneous distributed computing environment including mobile network. Trader is third party object that enables clients to find suitable servers, which provide the most appropriate services to client in distributed environment including dynamic reconfiguration of services and servers. Trading service requires simpler and more specific object model than genetic object models which provide richer multimedia data types and semantic characteristics with complex data structures. LOM supports a new reference attribute type instead of the relationship, inheritance and composite attribute types of the general object oriented models and so LOM has simple data structures. Also in LOM, the modelling step includes specifying of the information about users and the access right to objects for security in the mobile environment and development of the distributed storage for trading service. Also, we propose and implementation method of the distributed trader, which integrates the LOM-information object model and the OMG (object Management Group) computational object model.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-193
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• 2005

Small firms are considered as the last mile in electronic networks of business enterprises. Since small firms lack in their resources and capabilities for IT deployment, it seems a challenging project to make them electronically linked to their trading partners. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the intent of small firms to adopt electronic linkage to their trading partners. This study considers the context where small firms already have transaction relationships with partner firms and where their adoption of electronic linkage may influence the nature and performance of the transactional relationships. This study considers the expected value of electronic linkage and the joint actions of the trading firms as the major factors. Its research model also includes traditional factors such as influences from the industry and the trading partner, the support of CEO, and the readiness of the trading partner. Based on the survey data from more than 1000 small firms, the present study performs regression analysis and finds that all but one factor are significant in explaining the variations in the adoption intention of small firms. The exception is the joint action, which is shown to decrease the intention. Based on the results, this study offers business and policy implications that would be useful to business managers and policy makers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-49
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• 2015

Market means of spectrum trading have been utilized as a vital method of spectrum sharing and access in future cognitive radio system. In this paper, we consider the spectrum trading with multiple primary carrier providers (PCP) leasing the spectrum to multiple secondary carrier providers (SCP) for a short period of time. Several factors including the price of the resource, duration of leasing, and the spectrum quality guides the proposed model. We formulate three trading policies based on the game theory for dynamic spectrum access in a LTE based cognitive radio system (CRS). In the first, we consider utility function based resource sharing (UFRS) without any knowledge of past transaction. In the second policy, each SCP deals with PCP using a non-cooperative resource sharing (NCRS) method which employs optimal strategy based on reinforcement learning. In variation of second policy, third policy adopts a Nash bargaining while incorporating a recommendation entity in resource sharing (RERS). The simulation results suggest overall increase in throughput while maintaining higher spectrum efficiency and fairness.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.165-190
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• 2008

The degree of informational asymmetry relating to the expiration of index derivatives is usually increased as an expiration day of index derivatives approaches. The increase in the degree of informational asymmetry may have some effects on trading behavior of investors. To examine what the effects look like, 'life cycle of index derivatives' in this study is defined as three adjacent periods around expiration day: pre-expiration period(a week before the expiration day), post-expiration period(a week after the expiration day), and remaining period. It is inspected whether stock investor's trading behavior is changed according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 derivatives and what the reason of the changing behavior is. We have four results. First, trading behavior of each investor group is categorized into three patterns: ㄱ-pattern, L-pattern and U-pattern. The level of trading activity is low for pre-expiration period and normal for other periods in the ㄱ-pattern. L-pattern means that the level of trading activity is high for post-expiration period and normal for other periods. In the U-pattern, the trading activity is reduced for remaining period compared to other periods. Second, individual investors have ㄱ-pattern of trading large stocks according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 index futures while they show U-pattern according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 index options. Their trading behavior is consistent with the prediction of Foster and Viswanathan(1990)'s model for strategic liquidity investors. Third, trading pattern of foreign investors in relation to life cycle of index derivatives is partially explained by the model, but trading pattern of institutional investors has nothing to do with the predictions of the model.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 2010

As the use of trading systems increases recently, many researchers are interested in developing intelligent trading systems using artificial intelligence techniques. However, most prior studies on trading systems have common limitations. First, they just adopted several technical indicators based on stock indices as independent variables although there are a variety of variables that can be used as independent variables for predicting the market. In addition, most of them focus on developing a model that predicts the direction of the stock market indices rather than one that can generate trading signals for maximizing returns. Thus, in this study, we propose a novel intelligent trading system that mitigates these limitations. It is designed to use both the technical indicators and the other non-price variables on the market. Also, it adopts 'two-threshold mechanism' so that it can transform the outcome of the stock market prediction model based on support vector machines to the trading decision signals like buy, sell or hold. To validate the usefulness of the proposed system, we applied it to the real world data-the KOSPI200 index from May 2004 to December 2009. As a result, we found that the proposed system outperformed other comparative models from the perspective of 'rate of return'.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-237
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• 2011

The paper is basically designed to reveal substitutability or complementary nature of export and import among Korea, China, and Japan by employing unit root test, cointegration technique, and vector error correction model(VECM). Empirical evidences are shown that the trading among these countries has been dominated by a complementary nature in the short run which enables it to promote trading in those countries. In the long run, however, the substitutability nature effects strongly to the trading among Korea, China, and Japan. To this end, it could be tentatively concluded that market-oriented trading policies are more effective to stimulate the export and import in those countries in the short run, while a trading policy has to be selectively implemented by the substitutability nature in the long run basis. For instance, a stability policy for exchange rates and various commercial policies could be set for a short term target. Whereas, the substitutability nature should be counted in building up a new industrial structure or in implementing FTA agreement among Korea, China, and Japan.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.498-508
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• 2003

In the field of finance, Trading System of Securities is a very vulnerable application when it faces any small problems just for one minute. Since Trading System changes its environment from mainframes to client/server, its safety becomes the most important factor. Even though most If systems are configured by general guidelines currently, Trading System is an exception that it is configured by specific and rather ad hoc guidelines in order to ensure its safe management. In this thesis, I will prove the validity of specific and ad hoc configuration in the environment of Trading Systems where I use both XA interface system and Non-XA interface to configure its system based on 3-Tier Client/server computing environment through middleware, TP-Monitor, in the X/Open DTP Model. In order to validate the Trading System, I will compare and analyze the error of data of an order and ability to restore using both XA and Non-XA interfaces while testing take-over scenario on the assumption of the system's failure.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-76
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• 2013

This paper analyzed on the relationship between R&D productivity of renewable energy and the Emissions Trading Scheme using OECD's country-specific patents and R & D input data. We empirically tested whether this R & D productivity has been substantially improved before and after the implementation of the emissions trading scheme and whether emission trading scheme has been promoted technology progress of renewable energy. Analytical methods used in this study, Negative Binomial Models which was proposed by Hausman et al. (1984). According to the results of this analysis, the R & D productivity of renewable energy was improved by emissions trading scheme, which was statistically significant at the 99% confidence interval [CI]. The R&D productivity of renewable energy was higher in Annex I countries. This research is significant in that R&D productivity was analyzed in associated with the emission trading scheme rather than it was analyzed by simply comparing R&D productivity.