• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

Agent technology has been widely applied in today's electronic business, such as mobile agents, multi-agent information systems, etc. In particular, multi-agent systems have been applied as powerful simulation tools to study complex business networks composed of various self-interested trading firms and/or human beings. In this paper, we build an integrated model that consists of a multi-agent B2C market model and a B2B trade network model, and incorporate more reality than much of prior work. Then with this model, we carry out experimental studies on two different strategies that are common in electronic business - 'loyal' strategy (retailers try to build stable cooperation with suppiers to ensure material supply) and 'cost-saving' strategy (retailers try to reduce cost by choosing suppliers with lower wholesale price).

• 한국철도학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

Green gas emissions Trading System(ETS) came into effect in the Europe last year 2005. All transport modes have tried to reduce green gas emission and EU member countries are promoting the use of environmental friendly transport mode to avoid economic loss due to green gas emission. Besides ETS, rapidly rising of oil price and peak oil urge to invest more in the environmental friendly public transport mode and to discourage the use of private cars. The operation of KTX is estimated to bring external cost reduction up to 570 bil. won in 2004 based on European external unit costs of transport modes. This result implies that the expansion of high speed rail network and reconsideration of East-West high speed rail network which is not considered because of weak economic validity is required.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.117-140
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• 2018

WTO was established in 1995 and as many as 36 new members joined WTO until December 2017. Thus it would be interesting to see if new members have committed higher or lower levels of market opening compared to the original members. In this regard, a sophisticated scoring scheme is needed to quantify market opening commitments. After proper econometric model is established for the original members, same model can be applied to the new members for comparison. It was found that new members committed a much higher level of commitment than the original members. In addition, it was also found that transition economies committed higher levels than the non-transition economies. More interesting finding is that among the new members, the larger the economies or the larger the trading volume are, the closer was the level of commitment to the predicted level. Then the question is whether this difference was due to benign neglect by the new members or due to malign select by the original members.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.822-823
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• 2007

It is easily can be expected that Korea cannot be free under the regulation, because Korea is one of the major $CO_2$ emitter in the world. Even though Korea currently doesn't have any obligation to mitigate the carbon emission, power industry needs to study the effect of that. this paper aims to analyze the change of economic loading order for generation dispatch by various carbon price, looking at each plant's or generator's variable generation cost per unit electricity(kWh) that consists of basic generation price calculated by automatic generation system planning model, WASP 4.0, and $CO_2$ price per unit electricity generation.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.265-313
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• 2010

Kyoto Protocol is an international convention on concrete performance program for UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which regulate and prevent to global warming and officially came into effect on February 16, 2005. Kyoto flexible mechanisms, the agreed environmental system in March 1997 in the Third Conference of Parties in UNFCCC General Assembly, Emission Trading System(ETS), Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) and Joint Implementation(JI), are key policies related to environment. In advanced countries, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced average 5.2% level compared to 1990 in total emissions during 2008-2012. World leading carbon market finished the trial on the EU ETS I greenhouse gas emissions trading system, EU ETS II is operated regularly after 2008. World Bank leads to make 'Prototype Carbon Fund(PCF)' in April 2004, which is the world first carbon fund and a representative public carbon fund type, World Bank operate various funds including present PCF. Thus, I would like to propose as follows in relation to this study: First, in the validity analysis of carbon funds, it would be needed to analyze the Emission Reduction Cost Efficiency(ERCE) of carbon. The ERCE is a break-even value which brings the Net Present Value(NPV) to zero. NPV approach is used among projects and it enables potential projects to be compared and evaluated the ERCE on the basis of the net present value of net future cash flows. Therefore, according to results of analysis, carbon funds should be developed and invested. Second, it would be necessary to allow of issuing bonds together with carbon funds, carbon finance etc. Third, carbon funds, it would be reasonable to have a relatively enough maturity in project and as a financial derivatives in the international financial markets, it is needed various types of transactions. Fourth, it would be needed to standardize the carbon emissions trading for more efficiently. Fifth, it would be necessary to establish and invest in various kinds of domestic and overseas global carbon funds, including governments, privates, governments and privates sectors. And it is also needed to establish the medium and long term plans for carbon funds. Sixth, it would be needed to foster the advanced trade mechanisms for carbon funds in the most effective ways. Finally, carbon funds should be used in harmony with international societies to reduce global warming as the social responsible investing funds and it should be contribute to sustainable development. In addition, it would seem that carbon funds should be studied on establishing the contributable standard of sustainable development in the future assignment.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.145-172
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라의 기업들에게 거래기업들과 공정하고 진정성 있는 거래관계를 유지하는 것은 우호적·긍정적인 평판의 확보와 함께, 신뢰관계를 구축할 수 있으며, 거래비용의 감소에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 연구가설을 수립하고 국내기업들을 대상으로 설문자료를 수집하였으며, 이에 대한 가설의 검정을 시행하였다. 연구가설 검정결과 거래공정성 지각과 거래진정성 지각은 평판에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 평판은 신뢰에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 신뢰는 거래비용감소에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 또한 평판과 신뢰는 거래공정성 및 거래진정성 지각과 거래비용감소 사이에서 매개변수의 역할을 하며, 신뢰는 평판과 거래비용감소 사이에서 매개변수의 역할을 한다. 우리나라의 기업들에게 지속가능한 경영활동이 이루어지기 위해서는 거래관계에서 공정성 및 진정성의 지각 수준을 제고함으로써 호의적·긍정적 평판을 확보하는 것이 중요함을 제시하는 것이다. 호의적·긍정적인 평판의 확보는 신뢰관계로 발전할 수 있고, 궁극적으로는 거래비용의 감소로 나타날 수 있다는 것을 실증하였으며, 이를 제시하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.420-421
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• 2006

The cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission to avert the most severe impacts of climate change remains one of the widely accepted priorities for global action. In order to facilitate cost-effective abatement strategies, the Kyoto Protocol introduced three mechanisms, or flexible instruments, the Emissions Trading(ET), the Joint Implementation(JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM). The CDM enables Annex I countries to the Kyoto Protocol to partially meet cost-effectively their emission reduction commitments by undertaking GHG mitigation Projects in developing countries, which do not have any GHG abatement obligations and where the emission reductions are cheaper. One of the major barriers hampering the wide spread implementation of CDM is the high transaction costs associated with the initial identification of promising CDM projects. This paper presents development of a pre-validation program of CDM. The developed program may provide a useful aid to potential investors and project developers as a supportive pre-evaluation tool, and may become an effective tool for the promotion of renewable energy and fuel switching projects.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.550-552
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• 2001

The vertically integrated power industry was divided into six generation companies and one market operator, where electricity trading was launched at power exchange. In this environment, the profits of each generation companies are guaranteed according to utilization of their own generation equipments. Especially, the electricity demand shows seasonal and weekly regular pattern, which the some capacity should be provided into ancillary service based on the past demand forecasting error and operating results of electricity market. Namely, if generation cost function is applied to SMP and BLMP as announced the previous day, the available generation capacity of the following day could be optimally distributed, and therefore contract capacity of ancillary service applied to CBP(Cost Based Pool) and TWBP(Two-Way Bidding Pool) is determined. Consequently, it is Possible to use the retained equipments optimally. This paper represents on efficient bidding strategies for generation equipments through the calculation of the contract and the application of each generator cost function based on the past demand forecasting error and market operating data.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

Unlike Tubular Steel Tower, This Composite Material Tower is a low-technology Component, whose design is easy to optimize, and which therefore during the design process-lends itself easily as an object for possible cost reduction at very little effort. This may come in useful as the cost of a tower usually significant part of the total cost of a structure. This paper is written by the Composite Materials Tower which loaded Complex loading in Off and On shore. This Composite Material Tower is made by the Method of Filament Winding, and the Component of Composite Material is used by the Roving RS220PE-535. When it loaded Complex trading, there is a results which is bigger than steel tower deflection. We controlled this 1a18e deflection by stiffeners which has thickness 20mm. At last, Off and On Shore Tower which used Composite Materials is compared with Off and On Shore Tower which used Steel.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2021

국내 데이터 거래시장은 구매데이터의 불합리한 가격책정이 데이터 거래 시의 주요 애로사항으로 지속적으로 언급되고 있다. 이는 상품정보 및 사용경험 부족으로 인해 데이터상품의 가치를 제대로 평가할 수 없는데서 발생한 문제로, 데이터 거래소는 거래활성화를 위해 가격 외에 수요자가 데이터상품의 가치를 종합적으로 판단할 수 있는 정보 제공이 필요하다. 데이터 가치평가에 주로 적용되는 원가기반, 수익기반, 시장기반 평가방법은 공급자 관점에서의 가치평가결과인 가격정보만 수요자와 공유가능하기 때문에 거래 및 유통을 활성화하기 위한 데이터가치평가방법으로는 부족한 점이 있다. 본 논문은 데이터거래 이해관계자(거래소, 공급자, 수요자)가 공통된 시각으로 데이터상품의 가치를 판단하고 공유할 수 있는 측정가능한 가치평가방법을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 해외 데이터거래소 및 관련 연구에서 중요하게 생각하고 있는 데이터상품의 가치동인을 파악하고, 가치동인별로 정량적 측정이 가능한 평가방식을 도출하였다. 또한, 거래용 데이터상품을 활용하여 평점표 형식의 평가기준을 개발하고, 상대적 가치비교가 가능하도록 계층화분석(AHP)을 통해 가치평가지수를 개발하였다. 실제 데이터상품에 평가기준을 적용할 결과, 개별 데이터상품의 특성에 따라 가치평가값이 차별화됨에 따라 가치비교도구로 활용가능함을 알 수 있었다.