• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.156-172
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• 2019

Purpose - Without question, globalization has presented different opportunities to entrepreneurs seeking to expand their companies in foreign markets. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial activity, information internalization, and product differentiation in export oriented firms. As such, entrepreneurial activities are divided into exploitative and exploratory opportunities. These opportunities are crucial in improving firms' performance. Design/methodology - A structural questionnaire was developed using 21 factors/indicators from previous researches. The subjects of this study were recruited using convenience sampling in export SMEs in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Data were collected through visits or e-mails from the export managers, executives, and CEOs of export SMEs in advance. 321 questionnaires were collected over a period of one month. 316 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Findings - First, International Entrepreneurial-orientation (IE) has a positive effect on the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. Second, the exploration and exploitation of business opportunities have a positive impact on information internalization. Third, information internalization has a significant effect on product differentiation and plays a mediating role in seeking opportunities, utilizing opportunities, and differentiating products. Originality/value - This study contributes to the development of academic discussions by explaining existing research gaps. First, there is currently a lack of research focusing precisely on the product differentiation capability of SMEs in manufacturing field in terms of IE. To bridge these gaps, we examined the entrepreneurial factors impact on product differentiation and tries to expand the discussion about the internationalization of SMEs, which were mainly focused on IT companies, and manufacturing companies. Second, there is no intuitive explanation regarding international entrepreneurial activity in terms of exploration and exploitation within existing. In this study, international entrepreneurship activities were classified in terms of exploration and exploitation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.149-172
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• 2017

The Alibaba Company, founded by Mayun in 1997, captured no.1 position in the global electronic commerce industry in 2016. Logistics strategy and paying system of the firm have greatly contributed to its success. The study aims not only to investigate the entrepreneurship of Mayun to inspire Korean youths with it, but also to help Korean E Commerce industry with logistics strategy of the Alibaba Group. The study adopts the management history approach through a literature survey on life time story, management philosophy of Mayun. Results from a study on Ma Yun's entrepreneurship style showed certain key characteristics: a global mindset, marketing and advertising proficiency, patriotism, a challenging spirit, and creativity. Alibaba's logistics system has greatly contributed to the success of the company's E commerce trade so far. However, some things are left to be desired in the following areas: logistics management system, logistics contract unit price, competitiveness in warehousing compared to rival Chinese companies, and last mile delivery.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.113-138
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• 2012

This study examined the determinants of export performance of small and medium sized manufacturing companies in Korea. Depending on the existing research, taking entrepreneurship and product differentiation capabilities as antecedents of export performance. In addition, the product differentiation capabilities examined whether the role of the mediating effects between entrepreneurship and export performance. Thus, the purpose of the study is look at the integrated model of entrepreneurship, product differentiation capabilities and export performance building and their relationship. On 152 domestic companies, empirical analysis was performed. Empirical analysis was conducted using the PLS(Partial Least Square). And analysis tools were used SmartPLS2.0. In the results of the analysis, risk tolerance and innovativeness of small and medium sized manufacturing businesses, entrepreneurs and product differentiation competence have positive impact export performance in both. Product differentiation capabilities also confirmed that it have a positive impact on the export performance of small manufacturing export enterprises. In analysis of the mediated effect in product differentiation capacity showed a significant mediated effect between innovativeness and export performance. But mediated effects did not indicate a significant risk tolerance. these results suggests the need to actively pursue innovation that more product differentiation capabilities required in export companies to small and medium-sized manufacturing. In other words, when attempting to highlight product differentiation, based on innovation, rather than risk tolerance. In terms of analyzing the mediated role of product differentiation capabilities, this study has theoretical implications for the future research to look at the antecedents of export performance from the perspective of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage. Also, practical implications in this regard as the innovativeness and taking risks to all important to CEO of small manufacturing enterprises but, stranger in the foreign market competition environment, the role of innovation product is required on raising product differentiation capabilities are presented.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.396-416
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• 2019

The key conditions for the promotion of innovative technology-based start-ups are expanding the market for innovative technology products and services, increasing equity-based funding opportunities, promoting the commercialization of technological innovation, and establishing a fair-trade system for start-ups to compete fairly in the market. Besides, there is a need for a support system that minimizes the cost of failure in case of business failure to facilitate re-challenge and provides education and training opportunities to enhance entrepreneurial capabilities. To activate technology-based start-ups, the Korean government introduced the TIPS policy in 2013. It is a program that creates technology start-up with private investment led by successful venture entrepreneurs, which has shown remarkable achievement and is regarded as the most successful policy in this field up to now. The most critical factor contributed to the success of this program is to invite private investors to select a technology entrepreneurship team and provide mentoring with the investment. The government provides R&D funding with matching investment, commercialization and marketing support to ensure that technology start-ups survive crossing the death-valley. Subsequent investments from domestic and abroad investors are actively made and it is becoming a representative technology-based start-up program in Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyses the current development of cross-border e-commerce in China, outlines the challenges faced by Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs, and finally summarises the development strategies of Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs in the post-covid-19 era, which will provide opinion references for the development of Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs. Research design, data and methodology: The methodology used in this study is to analyse the current situation of cross-border e-commerce development in China in the context of covid-19 through literature; and to summarise the challenges encountered by Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs through semi-structured interviews. Results: The article summarises the current status of China's cross-border e-commerce development in the context of covid-19 in terms of cross-border e-commerce trade volume, cross-border e-commerce enterprise and user scale, cross-border e-commerce logistics, cross-border e-commerce global co-operation, government policy, and cross-border e-commerce product distribution, outlining challenges encountered by China's cross-border e-commerce SMEs in terms of logistic pricing, operating capital chain, product service support, and trade protection The paper Finally, it is pointed out that Chinese cross-border e-commerce SMEs must adopt new strategies to adapt to the new development in the context of covid-19. Conclusions: Specific development strategies are provided for Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises and reference suggestions are provided for the post-covid-19 era.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-55
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• 2008

The objective of Starts-up education rears leading company that minimize a risk & connect them with successful idea. Internet Starts-up education is serviced in public & civil parts, it is insufficient to reach successful Starts-up support. This study is targeting on review the present condition of the Internet Starts-up education, research which it sees Internet Starts-up education actual condition investigation through investigation student of education satisfactorily and education contents and the plan to grope an Starts-up education progress coat problem and developmental plan it did. The current events point which has become research result escape first, age of the students of education, followed in educational background and, education motive and education experience presence education satisfactory boat song it appeared in these demand different, base grudge the form which is various it fixed and the education was demanded. Second, currently the department of pedagogy joining in establishment leader against the technical element which is advanced swip, the education reinforcement against an enterprise accomplishment ability back human factor, an enterprise propulsion environment and an enterprise item back enterprise environment element was demanded. Time after support and consulting, completion lifestyle community construction, completion lifestyle for item connection support and the trade name net after third, establishing an enterprise we the king, after toe ring back educating which carries on shoulder the importance of the civil official was embossed. The study which it sees led and like this investigation analysis the education progress for the successful support of the Internet Starts-up and time after connection setup construction it led and the plan which it will put out advancement of Starts-up education and it groped.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The initial start-up founders are also often successful and sometimes unsuccessful. Conditions of establishment, it is necessary to management strategies such as site selection and strong entrepreneurial spirit with matching funds force to their aptitude. However, novice founder, in real estate transactions, there is a case in which a freak accident, such as the double sale occurs. South Korea's real estate transactions practice, difficult subject to systematic support, even as has been resolved legally, the damage of the victim so that the difficult issues that remain intact occurs. Therefore, beyond the problem to punish the perpetrators in such breach of trust crimes a legally double trade to this, is the strategy through the management histological approach received victim now of damage is required. We want to be viewed as discussion of What about the management strategy for accident prevention of real estate transactions in elementary founder accident concerning transactions such as real estate of double trafficking.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.135-156
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• 2020

Purpose - This study investigates whether the internationalization process of traditional industry firms can be categorized as born global, early internationalization, or gradual internationalization, and examines what factors promote internationalization in traditional industries using a case study of two firms, one each in China and Korea. Design/methodology - This study elects to use case study methodology to determine the "how" and "why" of internationalization process of traditional industry firms. Taking into consideration that factors that impact the internationalization process of firms are diverse and unclear in terms of causality, this study utilizes exploratory case study methodology. This research performs a comparative two-case study of two firms in traditional industries, one each in China and Korea, to examine similarities and differences of study subjects in order to improve the validity and suitability of research results. Findings - The findings of this research are as follows: First, traditional industries are more likely go through early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global; born globals are far more likely to appear in high tech industries. Second, the internationalization process of companies that go through early and rapid internationalization differs from what is indicated by traditional internationalization theories, and are not limited by factors like psychological distance and lack of experiential knowledge. Third, international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, and imitation and learning are important internal driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Fourth, conditions within the domestic market, policy support from the government, and pilot effect from industry leaders are external driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Originality/value - This study shows that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms is more likely to be early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global and suggests answers to why this may be the case. In addition, through an examination of case studies, it reveals that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms that undergo early and rapid internationalization is different from traditional internationalization theory, in that they are not limited by the lack of psychological proximity and empirical knowledge, and are driven by international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, imitation and learning, competitive pressure within the domestic market, government's policy support, and the pilot effect of industry leaders. Therefore, this study contributes to literature by expanding the scope of application of born global theory to traditional industries, making born global theory more generalizable and identifying driving factors to internationalization of traditional industry firms.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.19-44
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• 2023

Purpose - This study examines the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), perceived fit, organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), corporate citizenship, work engagement, and employees' negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). In particular, it analyzes the effect of the interaction between LMX and corporate citizenship on OBSE, and the effect of the interaction between perceived fit and corporate citizenship on OBSE. Finally, this study analyzes moderated mediation by legal/ethical citizenship and philanthropic citizenship, and work engagement in the LMX-NWOM relationship and the perceived fit-NWOM relationship, respectively. Design/methodology - The research data were collected through a questionnaire from 293 employees working at 117 restaurant companies in Korea. Findings - The results were as follows. First, both LMX and perceived fit were negatively related to employees' NWOM. Second, both LMX and perceived fit were positively related to OBSE. Third, OBSE was negatively related to employees' NWOM. Fourth, legal/ethical citizenship and philanthropic citizenship were found to attenuate the positive (+) relationship between perceived fit and OBSE, respectively. Fifth, it was found that work engagement weakened the negative (-) relationship between OBSE and NWOM. Finally, OBSE was found to have a partial mediating effect moderated by corporate citizenship (legal/ethical citizenship and philanthropic citizenship) and work engagement in the relationship between perceived fit and NWOM. Originality/value - This study makes a theoretical contribution by expanding the mechanisms associated with LMX and NWOM by revealing the mediating effect of OBSE in their relationship. Additionally, this study makes a theoretical contribution in that it demonstrates the importance of enhancing legal and ethical citizenship and philanthropic citizenship by revealing the moderating effect of corporate citizenship in the relationship between perceived fit and OBSEE. Finally, it makes a theoretical contribution by suggesting that the interaction between work engagement and OBSE is important in reducing employees' NWOM by revealing the moderating effect of work engagement.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.143-174
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• 2007

The objective of Starts-up education rears leading company that minimize a risk & connect them with successful idea. Internet Starts-up education is serviced in public & civil parts, it is insufficient to reach successful Starts-up support. This study is targeting on review the present condition of the Internet Starts-up education, research which it sees Internet Starts-up education actual condition investigation through investigation student of education satisfactorily and education contents and the plan to grope an Starts-up education progress coat problem and developmental plan it did. The current events point which has become research result escape first, age of the students of education, followed in educational background and, education motive and education experience presence education satisfactory boat song it appeared in these demand different, base grudge the form which is various it fixed and the education was demanded. Second, currently the department of pedagogy joining in establishment leader against the technical element which is advanced swip, the education reinforcement against an enterprise accomplishment ability back human factor, an enterprise propulsion environment and an enterprise item back enterprise environment element was demanded. Time after support and consulting, completion lifestyle community construction, completion lifestyle for item connection support and the trade name net after third, establishing an enterprise we the king, after toe ring back educating which carries on shoulder the importance of the civil official was embossed. The study which it sees led and like this investigation analysis the education progress for the successful support of the Internet Starts-up and time after connection setup construction it led and the plan which it will put out advancement of Starts-up education and it groped.