• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2000

complexity in atmospheric environment coupled with shoreline and complex terrain often causes local variations of meteorology that are distinct from those representative over larger surrounding area, These kinds of local variations are less significant in usual long-term environmental impact analyses dealing with continuous plume. The variations could however be crucial in predicting dispersion of toxic substance released in a relatively small area for a short duration. In the present paper the effects of spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic wind field on the dispersion of the released substance are investigated by using a puff model. A hypothetical release scenario assumes that a substance is released from a location in the Yochon Industrial Estate and passively dispersed within a few-kilometer distance for an hour. The results show that diagnostic analysis could resolve more spatial variations to some extent by employing smaller grid size. The peak concentrations and puff trajectories obtained from spatially -and/or tmeporally -varing diagnostic wind field are found appreciably different from those obtained from uniform wind field. Attention to high-resolution wind field in the both spatial and temporal spaces is called in the consequence analysis of toxic substance release.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

대부분의 산업시설이 유해물질을 다루고 있기 때문에 산업시설의 사고발생은 막대한 물적, 인적 피해를 발생시키므로 안전관리, 중대형 사고 예방 및 위험 예측 등이 중요시 되고 있다. 특히, 유해물질 누출사고는 누출물질, 저장시설, 대기 상태에 따라 유독가스의 확산 속도와 범위가 달라지므로 이를 모사하는 대기확산 시스템이 이용되어왔다. 모사에 기반하는 대기확산 시스템은 산업시설 구조물 설계 단계에서 주로 사용되며 누출 사고 시 즉각적인 처리와 대응이 어렵다. 실시간 대기정보 데이터를 이용한 연구 및 사례는 존재하지만 시스템의 성능저하 및 전문적 지식의 결여로 신속한 처리 및 대응이 미흡하였다. 본 논문은 에너지 플랜트 환경에서 특수성과 효율성을 강화하여 유해화학물질 누출로 인한 대기확산범위를 즉각적으로 산출하고 누출 시점 및 지점을 지능형 알고리즘으로 결정함으로써 사고예방형 실시간 지능형 대기확산 시스템을 구현한다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

불화수소는 염산, 질산, 황산보다 산성도는 낮지만 인체에 위험한 물질 중 하나이다. 물질의 구성에서 볼 수 있듯이 Fluoride를 함유하고 있는 부식성이 강한 물질이며, 급성독성 물질로 분류할 만큼 인체에 유해성이 매우 높으나, 최근 화학공장 및 반도체 산업 등 산업계에서 없어서는 안 될 물질로 인체에 위협적인 물질이지만 산업의 확장과 발전으로 사용량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 불화수소의 위험성은 2012년 사고 발생 이후 위험성이 대두 되었고 이 사고를 계기로 규제 강화로 취급시설 관리 기준이 5배 이상 늘어나게 된 원인되었다. 불화수소는 대기 중으로 노출되는 경우 불산으로 전환되며 인체에 치명적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 독성물질 누출에 의한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 방호계층을 구성하였음에도 누출된 독성물질이 사업장 내로 확산되었을 때 피해영향을 시뮬레이션으로 확인하고, 사업장 내 피해영향 시 근로자에게 발생하게 될 위험성을 제어하기 위한 방법을 제언하고자 한다.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2014

With a rapid growth of domestic industry in korea, now about 25,000 kinds of chemicals are being distributed, and it has been known that just about 15% of them has toxic substances. Recently, South Koreans have an anxiety about the stability and accidents of chemicals because chemical accidents like Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident have occurred. The U.S. has adopted the systems like EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act), TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) and TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), and is also managing the hazardous chemicals by providing the information about them to its people and site workers. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare also has adopted J-CHECK system and is implementing it to let Japanese people know the information of safety of chemicals about REACH. However, the Korean government has a difficult situation to mediate the different idea with the Korean industry to make lower statute of Pre-legislation registration & evaluation of chemicals that will be implemented and Chemical Material Control Association that is being implemented. Especially city and country areas located in the industrial areas need political improvement focusing on vulnerable area through the check about current situation of hazardous chemicals of jurisdiction and management method, but the information about the management situation of small scale work places is insufficient. Therefore this study set up the urgent management area in Ansan Smart Hub through NFPA code according to the types of accident and dander characteristics of each chemical being used in the companies that have less than 50 workers and deal with chemicals located in Ansan Smart Hub in Gyeonggi-do.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2010

Suspended Solid (SS) is one of the main pollutants and discharges with attached other pollutants such as heavy metal and toxic substance. It is very important to estimate and forecast the release characteristics of SS for water quality improvement. The current studies assumed that SS release rate is proportional to the rain intensity and suggested exponential washoff models. These models related to the shear force of flow. In this study, a new washoff model is suggested based on relation with SS release rate and mean flow rate of the basin surface which is closely related to the shear force. The proposed model is applied to the Goonja drainage district in Seoul, Korea. The new washoff model simulates the SS discharge more accurately in the various rainfall types. The model can be widely applied to the real problems such as the management of non-point source pollutant and the design of treatment facilities.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

현재 항암제의 낮은 치료 효율과 부작용을 해결하기 위해 고분자 기반의 약물전달체의 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 기존의 고분자기반의 약물 전달체는 우수한 결과를 보이는 등 상당한 진전이 있었음에도 불구하고, 대부분 혈중에서 안정성이 감소하여 표적 부위에 도달하기 전에 약물이 방출될 뿐만 아니라 오랜 시간 동안에 약물을 방출함으로써 부작용 및 낮은 치료 효율을 초래한다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 총론에서는 이러한 비효율적인 약물 방출의 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방법으로 독성이 없고 생체 적합한 천연 고분자 키토산에 자극 응답성 물질을 도입하여 혈중에서 안정성을 높이고 표적 부위에서 약물을 과다 방출하여 치료 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-252
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• 1987

Isolated rat adipocytes are well known to possess opposite pathways of lipid metabolism: lipolysis and ipogenesis. Both of the metabolism respond to various biologically active substances such as epinephrine, ACTH and insulin. Epinephrine and ACTH stimulate lipolysis and insulin accelerates lipogenesis. Recently, Korean red ginseng powder was found to contain adenosine and an acidic poptide which inhibited epinephrine-induced lipolysis and sl imulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis from added glucose. The acidic peptide is consisted mainly of glutamic acid and glucose. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes, while they did not affect insulinstimulated lipogenesis, Thus, all these substances extracted from Korean red ginseng exhibited selective modulations toward the opposite metabolic pathways in rat adipocyte; They inhibited the lipolysis but not the lipogenesis. We call these substances"selective modulators". Recently, we isolated a toxic substance named "toxohormone-L " from ascites fluid of patients with various malignant tumors. The toxohormone-L stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes and induced anorexia in rats. Both the lipolytic and the anorexigenic actions of toxohormone-L were found to be inhibited by ginsenoside Rb2 in Korean red ginseng. Based on these results, physiological signifi¬cances of these substances in Korean red ginseng were discussed. Pan ax ginseng is a medicinal plant long used in treatment of various pathological states including general complaints such as head ache, shoulder ache, chilly constitution and anorexia in cancer patients, There have been many pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng roots. Petkovllreported that oral administration of an aqueous alcoholic extract of ginseng roots decreased the blood sugar levtl of rabbits. Saito2lreported that Panax ginseng suppressed hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine and high carbohydrate diets. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng roots contain insulin-like substances. Previously, we demonstrated that gin¬seng roots contain an insulin-like peptide which inhibits epinephrine-induced lipolysis and stimulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In 1984, we suggested that such an insulin-like substance should be called a selective modulator4). Present investigation describes the details of the selective modulators in ginseng roots. During progressive weight loss in patients with various neoplastic disease, depletion of fat stores have been observed. The depletion of body fat during growth of neoplasms is associated with increase in plasma free fatty acids. Recently, we found that the ascites fluid from patients with hepatoma or ovarian tumor and the pleural fluid from patients with malignant lymphoma elicited fatty acid release in slices of rat adipose tissue in vitro. The lipolytic factor, named"toxohormone-L". was purifed from the ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma. The isolated preparation gave a single band on both disc gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol. Its molecular weight was determined to be 70,000-75,000 and 65,000 by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation, respectively. Injection of toxohormone-L into the lateral ventricle of rats significantly suppressed food and water intakes. There was at least 5 hr delay between its injection and appearance of its suppressive effect. In the present study, we also tried to find a inhibitory substance toward toxohormone-L from root powder of ginseng.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2023

Background: Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic substance that humans can be exposed to occupationally, and cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning of workers in industrial sites are commonly reported. However, there have been no cases of poisoning of the public due to an unauthorized discharge of wastewater, so it is important to describe this incident. Case presentation: In a small village in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea, accounts of a terrible stench had been reported. A 26-year-old man who lived and worked in a foul-smelling area was taken to the emergency room with a headache, dizziness, nausea, and repeated syncope. A subsequent police and Ministry of Environment investigation determined that the cause of the stench was the unauthorized discharge of 9 tons of wastewater containing hydrogen sulfide through a stormwater pipe while the villagers were sleeping. The patient had no previous medical history or experience of symptoms. Leukocytes and cardiac markers were elevated, an electrocardiogram indicated biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and corrected QT interval prolongation. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected on a chest computed tomography scan, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed on echocardiography. After hospitalization, cardiac marker concentrations declined, symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization. There was no recurrence of symptoms after discharge. Conclusions: We suspect that previously unrecognized heart disease manifested or was aggravated in this patient due to exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Attention should be paid to the possibility of unauthorized discharge of hydrogen sulfide, etc., in occasional local incidents and damage to public health. In the event of such an accident, it is necessary to have government guidelines in place to investigate health impact and follow-up clinical management of exposed residents.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.449-461
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• 2013

최근 발생한 경북 구미의 불산 누출 및 경남 울산의 염산 누출사고의 예와 같이 화학공장에서 발생되는 사고중대 부분은 저장탱크나 운송배관 및 플랜지호스 등의 손상에 의한 휘발성 유독성물질의 대량누출이며, 이 경우 누출된 지역의 자연환경과 대기 조건에 따른 유독성물질의 확산 거동이 인적, 물적 피해의 중요한 변수가 되기 때문에 위험성평가는 가장 중요한 관심 대상이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 누출물질에 대한 대기 중 확산을 모사하기 위하여 불산 저장탱크에서 누출된 경우를 예제로 선택하여, 수치해석과 ALOHA(Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres)의 확산 시뮬레이션을 이용한 결과해석을 수행하였다. 먼저 공정위험분석으로 정성적 평가인 HAZOP(Hazard Operability) 결과를 살펴보면 첫째 공정흐름상(flow) 위험 요소로서 플렌지, 밸브와 호스의 균열 등 손상으로 인한 누출에 의한 운전지연 또는 독성가스누출 등이 발생할 수 있고, 둘째 온도, 압력, 부식으로부터는 화재, 질소공급과 압 그리고 탱크나 파이프 이음관의 내부 부식으로 인한 독성누출의 가능성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 다음 결과 영향분석 기법인 ALOHA를 운용한 결과를 살펴보면 Dense Gas Model에 대한 입력 자료값에 따라 미치는 결과 영향이 다소 차이가 있음을 발견하였으나 기상조건으로서 대기안정도 보다는 풍향 및 풍속이 가장 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석 되었다. 또한 풍속이 빠를수록 누출물질의 확산이 잘 일어났고, 수치해석결과인$LC_{50}$과 ALOHA의 AEGL-3(Acute Exposure Guidline Level)과 결과를 비교했을 때 확산길이는 다소 차이가 있지만 확산농도 측면에서는 액체와 증기누출인 경우에 있어서 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 ALOHA 모델을 운영한 결과 각 시나리오별 경향은 상당히 일치함을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 추후 수치해석과 확산모델링에 의한 예측농도를 국제적인 기준치인 IDLH(Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health), ERPG(Emergency Response Planning Guideline), AEGL(Acute Exposure Guidline Level)과 비교 함 으로서 독성 가스의 대한 완충거리를 결정 할 수 있고, 이와 같은 연구방법은 유독성물질 누출에 따른 위험성평가를 보다 효율적으로 수행하는데 도움을 줄 것이며, 지역사회 비상대응체계 수립 시 적절하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다.