• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.375-378
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• 2004

우리나라에서 유통되는 꽃게, 기타게, 꽃새우, 기타새우, 닭새우, 갯가재 등 58건 갑각류에 대하여 수은 함량은 mercury analyzer로, 납, 카드뮴, 비소함량은 습식분해 후 ICP 또는 AAS로 분석한 결과, 갑각류 중 중금속 함량 최소-최대(평균), mg/kgl은 수은 0.004-28(0.06), 납 ND-0.31(0.03), 카드뮴 0.003-0.92(0.15), As 0.01-35.9(6.64)이었다. 본 연구결과는 다른나라에서 보고된 갑각류중 중금속 함량과 유사한 수준이었다. 우리나라 국민이 갑각류 섭취에 의한 수은, 납, 카드뮴의 주간섭취량 은 FAO/WHO에서 정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 약 1% 미만인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

The analytical method of trace toxic metals in livestock products was confirmed and validated through certified reference material (CRM) and the international proficiency tests. There are some difficulties to determine low levels of toxic metals in livestock products because of interferences due to the matrix. The recoveries of CRM (NIST 1577c) ranged from 73.9 to 119% for lead and from 86.4 to 111% for cadmium in bovine liver. The international proficiency tests were carried out with the milk powder and cocoa powder samples including metals provided by Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS$^{(R)}$, UK). The test samples were prepared by microwave digestion using solution of $HNO_3:H_2O_2:H_2O$ (v/v/v = 5 : 2 : 4) and analyzed by ICP/MS. The analytical result of cadmium in milk powder was $121{\mu}g/kg$ with -0.3 of the z-score compared to the assigned value of $131{\mu}g/kg$ by FAPAS$^{(R)}$. The analytical results of lead and cadmium in cocoa powder were $29.2{\mu}g/kg$ and $97.6{\mu}g/kg$, respectively, which satisfied the assigned values of $34.2{\mu}g/kg$ for lead and $126{\mu}g/kg$ for cadmium by FAPAS$^{(R)}$. It is verified that the analytical method is accurate and reliable to determine trace lead and cadmium in livestock products by microwave digestion and ICP/MS.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.600-614
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• 2011

Classical methods which used for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water are adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange resin, evaporation, and membrane processes. Microbial biosorption can be used for the removal of contaminated waters with pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes which are not easily biodegradable. Microbial biosorbents are inexpensive, eco friendly and more effective for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous solution. In this review, the bacterial and fungal abilities for heavy metals ions removal are emphasized. Environmental factors which affect biosorption process are also discussed. A detailed description for the most common isotherm and kinetic models are presented. This article reviews the achievements and the current status of bacterial and fungal biosorption technology for heavy metals removal and provides insights for further researches.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-132
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• 2003

In May 2001, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) for phasing out and eliminating POPs was signed by 90 countries at the Diplomatic Meeting in Stockholm. In 1998, three years before the Convention, the protocols on POPs and heavy metals were adopted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Growing attention on POPs and heavy metals during the past 10 years is primarily due to their toxicity in minute quantities. POPs and some metal compounds are even more toxic because of their bioaccumulation potentials associated with a high lipid solubility. Furthermore, owing to their persistence and semi - volatility, they are widely distributed in the environment, traveling great distances on wind and water currents. Recent international cooperation to address POPs and heavy metals has focused on these issues. Long -range transport of those pollutants are particularly concerned since Korea is located downwind of prevailing westerlies from China. In this paper, a review is provided to assess the properties, sources, emissions, and atmospheric concentrations on POPs and heavy metals.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1979

유해(有害) 중금속(重金屬)이 수도의 발아 및 묘대기(苗垈期)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 중금속(重金屬) 원소별(元素別)로 농도(濃度)를 달리한 일정(一定)한 용액(溶液)을 계속(繼續) 공급(供給)하여 발아 및 묘(苗)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 발아에 과잉(過剩)의 해(害)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 처리농도는 Cd; 0.05ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.05ppm 이하(以下), Ni; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Co; 0.5~1.0 ppm, Cr; 0.5ppm~1.0ppm, Mn: 1.0ppm 이하(以下), Zn; 0.5~5.0ppm Pb; 0.5~5.0ppm으로 발아에 미치는 영향(影響)은 Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>Mn>Zn$$\geq_-$$Pb의 순(順)이었다. 2) 건물중(乾物重)의 감소(減少)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 처리 농도(濃度)는 Cd;0.05ppm 이하(以下), Ni, Cr, Co; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.5~5ppm, Zn; 0.5~5ppm, Pb; 5~20ppm, Mn; 10~25ppm, 으로 건물중(乾物重)에 미치는 영향(影響)의 정도는 Ni>Cd>Cr>Co>Cu$$\geq_-$$Zn>Pb>Mn의 순(順)이었다. 3) 건물중(乾物重)의 감소(減少)를 유발하는 건물중(乾物中)의 중금속(重金屬)의 농도(濃度)는 Cd; 0.05~15.5ppm, Ni; 1.50~25.0ppm, Pb: 24.0~28.0ppm, Cu; 26.5~62.5ppm Zn; 470~645ppm, Mn; 231~500ppm, Co; 15.0ppm 이하(以下)였다. 4) 0.5ppm의 처리농도에서 각종(各種) 유해(有害) 중금속(重金屬)의 흡수(吸收) 축적(蓄積)은 Cr이 trace Co; 15ppm, Cd; 17.5ppm, Pb; 24.0ppm, Ni; 25. ppm, Cu; 84.5ppm, Zn; 470.0ppm으로 수도에 의(依)한 흡수정도(吸收程度)는 Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Co>Cr> 의 순(順)이었다. 5) 근활력(根活力)에 대해 과잉(過剩)의 해(害)를 유발하는 중금속(重金屬)의 농도(濃度)는 Ca;0.05ppm 이하(以下), Cu; 0.05~0.5ppm, Cr; 0.5ppm 이하(以下), Ni; 0.5~1.0ppm, Co; 0.5~1.0ppm, Zn; 0.5ppm 이상(以上), Pb; 0.5~5.0ppm, Mn; 1~10ppm으로 근활력(根活力)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 정도(程度)는 Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Mn의 순(順)이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Although clay can sorb significant amounts of inorganic contaminants from soils and wastewater, the hydration of exchangeable cations in clay minerals makes it hydrophilic at the clay mineral surfaces and interlayers. Thus, natural clays are often ineffective in complexing and stabilizing toxic organic contaminants in soils and groundwater environment. But, substituting these hydrated cations with cationic surfactant such as QAC(Quaternary ammonium Compound) can change the natural clay from hydrophilic to hydropobic. Furthermore functionalized organoclay can act as a powerful dual function sorbent for both toxic metals and organic compounds. It also can be used as landfill clay liners, slurry walls, nano-composite materials, petroleum tank farms, waste treatment, and filter systems. To use this modified clay minerals effectively, it is required to understand the fundamental chemistry of organoclay, synthetic procedures, its engineering application, bioavailability of sorbed ion-clay complex, and potential risk of organoclay. In this review, we investigate the use, application and historical background of the organoclay in remediation technology. The state-of-the-art of organoclay research is also discussed. Finally, we suggest some future implications of organoclay in environmental research.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2004

This study was performed to compare the growth rates, cellular fatty acid compositions and morphology by using electron microscope of Escherichia coli (E. coli) grown in various conditions including different concentrations of phenol, CdCl₂ and HgCl₂. Ninety eight E. coli strains were isolated from Naktong river and human feces. The content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially 16:1ω7c and 18:1ωc increased as the concentration of phenol and CdCl₂ increased. The content of unsaturated fatty acid increased up to 50 ppb of HgCl₂, but decreased at 75 ppb of HgCl₂. There were more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acid in the presence of toxic substances. However, the ration was reversed when the affected E. coli was transferred to toxic substance free fresh trypticase soy broth medium. Also, by using transmission electron microscope these cells were observed to various morphological deformation by heavy metals and their deposition on the surface. From these results, we suggested that the changes of major fatty acids composition and morphology of E. coli may be considered to indicate contaminated levels of heavy metals or organic solvents. The information presented here may be useful in predicting effects of heavy-metal and organic solvent contamination in streams and provides a basis for further studies of metal or organic solvent effects on microbial communities.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2015

Objective : Five most generally adopting basic oriental prescriptions (yookmijihwangtang, ojeoksan, sipjeondaebotang, samultang, bojoongikgitang) samples were collected from 10 oriental hospitals nationwide and the transferring ratio to aqueous phase (TRAP) were calculated. Method : The samples are grounded evenly and the decocted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 12 min on hot plate and then filtered. The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb in before and after decoction were measure by ICP/MS and the TRAPs were calculated. Results : The concentrations of As, Cr and Pb in the ground samples before decoction were all below criteria level, and TRAP values were also very low (<10%). For Cd, although some ground samples before decoction showed relatively high concentration level compare to the criteria level, because of their low TRAP (~3%), the actual concentrations in the decoction were quite low compare the criteria level. The Co's concentrations in the ground samples before decoction were all relatively low level. However, the TRAP of Co was astonishingly high value of around 40% average. Conclusion : The toxic heavy metal concentrations in the decoction were very low compare to the criteria level. The TRAPs are less than <10% except Co. The toxic heavy metals in the prescriptions are mainly remained in the residue and the only very small fraction may transferred to the decoctions. Therefore the toxicity of the oriental herbal medicine about the toxic heavy metal may be overstressed. The Co's TRAP turned out to be quite high value (40% average). Since the criteria level wes not established yet, the safety of decoctions according to Co was not fully confirmed.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

Pollutants that are persistent, bioaccurnulative, and toxic have been linked to numerous adverse effects in human and animals, PBTs include heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in addition to pesticides. This study focuses on toxic effects of the PBTs except pesticides on insects. Eight PBTs were selected from subgroups: three heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd), two PCB mixtures (Aroclor mixtures 1 and 2), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, two monophenols (4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol), and tetrabutyltin, Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was used as test target insect species. Three physiological markers (metamorphosis, immune reaction, and follicle patency) were assessed in each exposure to different doses of the PCBs. Heat-shock proteins as molecular markers were also analyzed in response to the PCBs. All tested PBTs were toxic to metamorphosis from larvae to pupae when they were applied with diet. Two PCB mixtures were the most toxic compounds in this assay by giving significant toxicity at 0.005 ppm, while others had from 10 to 1000 ppm. Dioxin (0.1 ppb), tetrabutyltin (0.1 ppb), Pb (10 ppb), and Hg (0,01 ppb) were potent to inhibit immune reactions analyzed by inducing phenoloxidase activity and blocked phospholipase $A_2$ enzyme, Tetrabutyltin and dioxin significantly induced follicle cell patency, but their effects were lower than that of endogenous juvenile hormone, Dioxin, Pb, Hg, and Cd could induce the expression of heat shock proteins that were detected by immunoblotting against human HSP70 monoclonal antibody. HSP78 and HSP80 were upregulated in response to the PBTs. This expression was detected from the fat body and epidermis at as fast as 4h after injection. All these results clearly suggest that PBTs give significant ecotoxicity to insects that are valuable organisms in our environment.