• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.275-282
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• 1993

When mandibular prognathic patients are operated orthognathic surgery which reduce the oral cavity volume, tongue volume should be harmonized with oral cavity volume to be changed because prevent the relapse of malocclusion. To decide the need for tongue resection, the author measured the tongue volume and oral cavity volume with stone model which were taken by impression method and study the difference between the ratio of tongue and oral cavity volume in mandibular prognathic group and normal group. The samples were consisted of four groups, the 40 subjects of the control group, 40 subjects of the experimental group. Each group was subdivided into male and female group respectively. The results were as follows : 1. The tongue volume and oral cavity volume measurements are $20.7cm^3,\;32.7cm^3$ in the control group respectively, and $24.9cm^3,\;42.9cm^3$ in the experimental group respectively. 2. There is no difference in the ratio of the tongue volume to oral cavity volume in control group and experimental group. 3. Correlation coefficients between the tongue volume and oral cavity volume are 0.11, 0.29 in experimental group and control group respectively, and 0.43 in gross total group. 4. The tongue volume of male is larger than female(p<0.05).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2001

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of added green tea and black tea powder on the quality of bread during storage. Tea bread was prepared with 0.1% and 2% concentration of green tea (GT) and black tea(BT) powder. The crude fat contents of GT 2% group and BT 2% group were significantly higher than those of control group. GT l% group and BT l% group. The loaf weight of the control group was the lowest and its loaf volume was the highest. Especially, GT 2% group had the lowest loaf volume. The internal lightness value of control group was the highest. the redness value of BT 2% group and the yellowness value of GT 2% group were the highest. GT 2% group was significantly higher in hardness and gumminess and BT l% group was higher in cohesiveness and springiness. After 5 day storage, the retrogradation of GT 2% group was the highest and that of BT 2% group was the lowest among groups. After 5 day storage. pH. titratable acidity and total colony count of GT 2% group was the lowest and those of control group was the highest. The sensory score of control, GT l% and GT 2% group were evaluated higher than others. The shelf-life of tea breads were prolonged to 1~3 days by adding green tea powder and black tea powder as compared with the control group. but It must be considered the way to increase the quality of bread in loaf volume and retrogradation.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.3 s.38
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• pp.299-319
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• 2006

This research is primarily intended to investigate the potential of estimating green space threshold in terms of total volume control using degradation trends of green space derived from remote sensing and GIS. An empirical study for a case study site was conducted to demonstrate how a standard remote sensing and GIS technology can be used to assist in estimating the total control volume for green space in terms of area-wide information, spatial resolution and change detection etc. Guidelines for a replicable methodology are presented to provide a strong theoretical basis for the standardization of factors involved in the estimation of the green space threshold; the meaningful definition of land mosaic, redefinition of degradation trends for green space. It was demonstrated that the degradation trends of green space could be used effectively as an indicator to restrict further development of the sites since the visual maps generated from remote sensing and GIS can present area-wide visual evidences by permanent record. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to support more scientific and objective decision-making in introducing aggregate control of green space.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Purpose : This study was analyzed to researched the improvement of the posture and breathing ability on correction method of posture and breathing exercise in Forward Head Posture(FHP) Method : Eighten forward head posture subjects participated in this study. The control group applied to correction method of posture and the experiment group applied to correction method of posture with breathing exercises. Results : The results showed significant improvement in Craniovertebra-Angle on each two group(P<0.05). All the other result showed non-significant in respiratory(Tidal volume, Expiratory residual volume, Inspiratory residual volume) But value of result is slightly improved in after exercise. Conclusion : CVA angle is increased in each group but not increased between experiment group and control group. Total Volume(TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV) are a little increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2018

Active clay, bentonite and zeolite were used as porous materials for humidity controlling ceramic boards. The specific area and the pore volume of active clay were higher than bentonite and zeolite. The flexible strength of the gypsum board decreased with an increasing amount of porous material, and the flexible strength was lowest when active clay with a higher specific surface area than others porous materials was added. The specific surface area and total pore volume of ceramic boards containing porous material were highest at $102.25m^2/g$, $0.142cm^3/g$, respectively, when the active clay was added. In addition, as the amount of added porous materials increased, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the ceramic board increased, but the average pore diameter decreased. The addition of s porous materials with a high specific area and a large pore volume improved the moisture absorptive and desorptive performance of the ceramic board. Therefore, in this experiment, the moisture absorptive and desorptive properties were the best when active clay was added. Furthermore, as the amount of added porous materials increased, the moisture absorptive and desorptive properties improved. When 70 mass% of active clay was added to ${\alpha}$-type gypsum, the hygroscopicity was the highest, about $300g/m^2$, in this experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate the economic value of official management and control for invasive insects and diseases in fruits. The direct and indirect effect of this control measure can be the changes in price of fruits and related goods, changes in export volume of domestic fruits, changes in total volume of fruit production, and reduce the risk in food safety. The contingent valuation method with the single-bounded dichotomous choice is employed to estimate each household's willingness-to-pay (WTP) to maintain official management and control measures. The total number of sample consists 2,050 respondents between the ages of 19-60 years, and the survey is conducted using Web-based survey. The estimated results for mean WTP is 5,443won per month per household. Therefore, the total economic value of official management and control on fruit in Korea is estimated to be approximately 94.4 billion won per month.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1610-1614
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Chaenomelis Fructus Herba Chelidonii Clematis Florida Thunb mixed water extract on the inflammatory edema induced by Found's complete adjuvant and on different blood volume, and then to demonstrate its efficiencies as well as its safety. We injected Chaenomelis Fructus Herba Chelidonii Clematis Florida Thunb mixed water extract on the inflammatory edema induced by Found's complete adjuvant once daily at the same time for a week, then observed the paw-edema, the counts of the blood WBC, Serum total protein, Serum total bilirrubin, SGOT and SGPT The result obtained is as follows : Inflammatory edema on the right plantar in both sample groups showed a significant reduce compared with that in the control group. The counts of WBC in both sample groups showed a significant decrease compared with that in the control group. The volume of serum total protein in the Sample A group showed a significant decrease compared with that in the control group. The volume of serum total bilirrubin, GOT and GPT in both sample groups was not changed compared with that in the control group. As a result of this experiment, it is concluded that Chaenomelis Fructus Herba Chelidonii Clematis Florida Thunb mixed water extract showed that therapeutic effect on the anti-inflammation on arthritis; otherwise it showed non-toxic effect on the liver function.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PTSD on memory function and hippocampal volume, and to identify major variables correlated to hippocampal volume and memory function. Thirty four Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom eighteen were PTSD patients and sixteen were combat control subjects. The author used Impact of Event Scale(IES), Combat Exposure Scale(CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Korea Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS) was assessed for memory function. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume. There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in IES, HDRS and BDI. Significant difference was found in verbal memory and total memory of K-MAS between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. There was significant difference in hippocampal volume between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. Short term memory, verbal memory and total memory were positively correlated to hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was negatively correlated to IES, HDRS, and BDI. These results suggest that PTSD severity be associated with hippocampal atrophy and memory dysfunction. Reduced or smaller hippocampal volume may be preexisting risk factor for stress exposure or the development of PTSD on combat exposure.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the upper airway dimensions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and control subjects using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit commonly applied in clinical practice in order to assess airway dimensions in the same fashion as that routinely employed in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis utilizing existing CBCT scans to evaluate the dimensions of the upper airway in OSA and control subjects. The CBCT data of sixteen OSA and sixteen control subjects were compared. The average area, average volume, total volume, and total length of the upper airway were computed. Width and anterior-posterior (AP) measurements were obtained on the smallest axial slice. Results: OSA subjects had a significantly smaller average airway area, average airway volume, total airway volume, and mean airway width. OSA subjects had a significantly larger airway length measurement. The mean A-P distance was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: OSA subjects have a smaller upper airway compared to controls with the exception of airway length. The lack of a significant difference in the mean A-P distance may indicate that patient position during imaging (upright vs. supine) can affect this measurement. Comparison of this study with a future prospective study design will allow for validation of these results.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.993-999
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• 2005

This research was peformed to investigate protective effect of Sophora Subprostrata fractions against focal ischemic brain damage after middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion using intraluminal suture. Rats were divided into six groups: MCA-occluded group(Control): each administered groups with Sophora Subprostrata total phase(Total), Sophora Subprostrata Aqueous phase (Aqueous), Sophora Subprostrata BuOH phase(BuOH), and Sophora Subprostrata Alkaloid phase(Alkaloid) after MCA-occlusion; sham-operated group(Sham). The right MCA was occluded by A poly-L-lysine coated 4-0 nylon suture thread through the internal carotid artery permanently. Sophora Subprostrata and fractions were administered orally(Smg/ml) for 7 days after MCA-occlusion. The Drain tissue was stained with $2\%$ triphenyl tetrazolium chloride on ischemic brain tissue(2mm section). The results showed that 1) Sophora Subprostrata total phase reduced infarct size and total infarct volume compared to the control group at 24 hours after MCA-occlusion, 2) Sophora Subprostrata Aqueous phase reduced infarct size and total infarct volume compared to the control group at 24 hours after MCA-occlusion, 3) Sophora Subprostrata Alkaloid phase reduced infarct size compared to the control group at 24 hours after MCA-occlusion, but 4) at 7 days after MCA-occlusion, Sophora Subprostrata did not show effective recovery compared with control group. Sophora Subprostrata has protective effects against brain damage at the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia. Sophora Subprostrata total and Aqueous phase produced more pronounced protective effect against focal ischemic brain damage.