• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2007

천연 약재식물인 옻나무 수피와 그 발효 옻나무 수피의 휘발성 유기성분을 SDE방법으로 추출하고 GC/MS로 분석하여 각각 51종, 27종의 휘발성 유기성분을 확인하였다. 옻나무 수피의 주요 휘발성 유기성 분으로는 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methyl-2-butanone, pentanal, hexanal, ethyl lactate, ethanol 등이 주요 성분으로 전체 성분의 68%를 차지하였으며, 발효 옻나무 수피의 주요 휘발성 유기성분으로는 ethanol이 전체 성분의 68.29%로 나타났고, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanol 등을 포함한 화합물들이 주요 성분으로 전체의 96%를 차지하였다. 옻나무 수피에서 전체 함량의 1.10 mg/kg를 차지한 ethanol이 발효 옻나무에서는 676.83 mg/kg까지 증가하였다. Ethanol을 제외한 다른 alcohol류는 31.57%에서 6.87%로 감소하였으며, ester류는 4.4%에서 23.7.l%로 증가하였다. 이러한 변화는 발효과정 중의 중간대사산물에 의해서 생성된 것으로 사료되고, alcohol류와 aldehyde류의 감소 그리고 ester류의 상대적 농도의 증가로 다른 화합물들의 화학적 변화에 의한 유도화를 추측 할 수 있었다. 결과적으로, 옻나무 수피가 발효 옻나무 수피로 발효되는 과정에서 맑은 화학적 성분의 변화가 확인 되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.363-376
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• 2003

In this study, the fugitive emission characteristics of airborne volatile organic compounds from different source categories were evaluated with respect to the concentrations measured in the vicinity of the sources. A total of 22 different sources were investigated, including gasoline storage and filling stations, painting spray booth, laundry, printing officer, textile industries, and a number of environmental sanitary facilities such as landfill, wastewater treatment and incineration plants. The target VOCs included 83 individual compounds, which were determined by adsorption sampling and thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS analysis. Overall, the aliphatic compounds appeared to be the most abundant class of compounds in terms of their concentrations, followed by aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons. As a single compound, however, toluene was the most abundant one, explaining 11% of the total VOC concentrations as an average of all the dataset. Among source categories, petroleum associated sources such as gasoline storage/filling stations, and laundry factory were identified as the most significant sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons, while aromatic VOCs were dominantly emitted from the sources handling organic solvents, such as painting booth, printing offices, and textile dyeing processes. However. there was no apparent pattern in terms of the contributions of eath group to the total VOCs concentrations in environmental sanitary facilities. It was also found that the activated carbon adsorption tower installed for the VOC emission control in some facilities do not show any effective performances, which may result in the increased VOC levels in the ambient atmosphere.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.885-891
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• 2005

SDE추출방법 과 GC/MS로 분석에 의하여 생마늘과 동결 건조마늘의 휘발성 유기성분을 비교하였다. 생마늘과 동결 건조마늘에서 각각 42종, 32종의 화합물이 확인되었으며 , 대부분이 황화합물이었고 alcohol류, aldehyde류, ester류도 확인되었다. Diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide는 생마늘과 동결건조마늘 에서 확인된 주요 황화합물이었다. 3-Methyl pyridine, 2-methyl-4-pentenal, 2,3,3-trimethyl-1,4=pentadiene, methional등 생마늘에서 확인된 화합물은 동결건조마늘에서 소실되었고 propanethiol, 2-ethyl-3-butenal, acetic acid 등은 동결건조마늘에서 확인되었으며, 전체적인 휘발성 유기성분의 총량에는 영향을 미치지 않는 수준이었다. 동결건조에 의 하여 마늘의 주요 휘발성 유기성분 중 diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide,3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin 등 대부분의 황화합물 함량이 감소하였으며 methyl propyl trisulfide, 3- allylthiopropionic acid, cyclopentyl ethyl sulfide 등은 증가하였다. 그 외 ethyl acetate, ethanol,2-propenol, 2-propenal, hexanal 등의 휘발성 유기성분이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1998

Effect of Fermentation temperature on the changes of chemical components in Kakudgi during fermentation was investigated by measuring free sugar, organic acid and volatile compounds up to 57 days at several temperatures. The mannitol was increased in palatable period in contrast with those of other free sugars. The higher the initial fermentation temperature was and the longer the initial fermentation time at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was, the faster the second increasing period was and the less the initial contents was. Lactic acid was increased 6~31 times from a little amount at the initial period. The higher the initial fermentation temperature was and the more the increasing content was. But malic acid which was abundant(55.1% of total nonvolatile organic acid) in the initial fermentation period was remarkably decreased in the palatable period. The change of the sulfides among the volatile compounds was remarkable. Methyl allyl sulfide which was a little in the initial fermentation period was remarkably increased in the final fermentation period, and the correlation coefficients between the content of methyl allyl sulfide and aroma in sensory evaluation were high. It could be suggested that the fermentation temperature should be set to 4$^{\circ}C$ after fermentating at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours in the view point of keeping the Kakdugi taste and quality well because of high content of free sugar and nonvolatile organic acids.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2004

Building materials are composed of very complex chemical compounds, and these indoor building materials discharge very much Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs). We performed the environmental chamber test to investigate the Total VOCs(TVOCs) emission characteristics and emission factors about chemical and natural coating materials. As the result, we concluded that TVOCs emission are high at initial time and decreased in course of time. Natural paint was low emission level for TVOCs than chemical paint by small chamber test. The TVOCs emission factor-time profile showed a good fit with the results from the measured and predicted value.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2005

Recently, due to the airtightness of buildings or the misuse of building materials, we have been witness SHS (Sick House Syndrome) which can have bad influences on the resident in an existing apartment house as well as newly constructed apartment house start to attract public attention. As a result of this situation, we went to restrict the TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compound) and formaldehyde. But these guidelines concentrated on only TVOC although TVOC are consist of many individual VOC. Therefore, in this study, we will look about concentration change of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) by using Mock-up test. As result of test, the concentration of four individual VOC (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene) showed quitely low level after 7 days. On the other hand the concentration of Xylene and formaldehyde showed low level after 14 days.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.232-236
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• 2005

In-situ Air Sparging (IAS, AS) is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants are volatilized into air as it rises from saturated to vadose soil zone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental conditions on the degradation of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and $CO_2$ in the unsaturated zone and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) in saturated zone of sandy loam. In the laboratory, diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg)-contaminated saturated soil. After heating the soil for 36 days, the equilibrium temperature of soil reached to $34.9{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$ and TPH concentration was reduced to 78.9% of the initial value, Volatilization loss of VOCs in TPH was about 2%, The reduction gradient of $CO_2$ concentration was 0.018/day in air space and 0.0007/day in unsaturated zone.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

졸참나무 (Quercus serrata), 맹종죽 (Phyllostachys pubescens) 및 소나무 (Pinus densiflora)로부터 제조한 미정제 초액의 휘발성 성분을 고상(固相) 미량추출(solid phase microextraction; SPME)법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이들 초액 중의 휘발성화합물 분석을 위하여 극성 (CBP 20) 및 무극성 (CBP 1) 칼람을 사용하였으며, 이로부터 총 264개의 피크를 검출하였다. 이들 성분들 중 주요 화합물은 2-butanone, acetic acid, guaiacol, phenol, 4-ethyl guaiacol, cresol류, 4-ethyl phenol, 그리고 syringol이었다. 무극성 칼람을 사용함에 의하여 7개의 성분, 즉, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethisolide, furfuryl acetate, 1-(2-furanyl)-1-propane, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, phenyl acetate를 새로이 동정할 수 있었다. 이 성분들 중 페놀류가 주성분이었으며, 휘발성 성분의 49~65%를 차지하였다. 죽초액의 경우 페놀류의 비율은 다른 두 목초액보다 낮았다. 그러나 중성화합물류 및 유기산류는 소나무 및 졸참나무로부터 제조한 목초액보다 그 비율이 더 높았다. 따라서 이들 죽초액과 목초액 간의 훈취의 차이는 목초액의 서로 다른 휘발성분의 함유량의 차이에 기인한다고 생각된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from sewerage facilities such as a sanitary sewers, outlets, and catch basins. In addition, the dominant malodorous VOCs among the compounds in this study were studied. Methods: Waste gas samples were collected at 27 points in a sanitary sewer in commercial and residental areas. The concentrations of seven volatile organic compounds, including benzene and toluene, in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Odor concentrations were estimated using the concentration data of the VOCs and each compound's threshold limit value. Results: As a result, it appeared that the average concentration of total observed data for acetaldehyde was 15.98 ppb and benzene 1.87 ppb, toluene 82.31 ppb, ethyl benzene 63.12 ppb, m+p-xylene 15.66 ppb, oxylene 18.73 ppb, and styrene 4.39 ppb. VOC concentrations in the commercial area were higher than those in the residential area. VOC concentrations of waste gas emitted from sewer lines was also higher than those at the outlet and in the catch basins. It was estimated that the main malodorous VOC among the seven VOCs was acetaldehyde. Conclusions: As there is little data on VOC concentrations inside sewer facilities in Korea, these data will be helpful for estimating impact assessment of VOCs and establishing a counter-plan for the abatement of VOCs from sewer facilities in the future.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2023

Background: There is little information about the airborne hazardous agents released during the heat treatment when manufacturing a welding material. This study aimed to evaluate the airborne hazardous agents generated at welding material manufacturing sites through area sampling. Methods: concentration of airborne particles was measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer and optical particle sizer. Total suspended particles (TSP) and respirable dust samples were collected on polyvinyl chloride filters and weighed to measure the mass concentrations. Volatile organic compounds and heavy metals were analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively. Results: The average mass concentration of TSP was 683.1±677.4 ㎍/m³, with respirable dust accounting for 38.6% of the TSP. The average concentration of the airborne particles less than 10 ㎛ in diameter was 11.2-22.8×10⁴ particles/cm³, and the average number of the particles with a diameter of 10-100 nm was approximately 78-86% of the total measured particles (<10 ㎛). In the case of volatile organic compounds, the heat treatment process concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during combustion than during cooling. The airborne heavy metal concentrations differed depending on the materials used for heat treatment. The content of heavy metals in the airborne particles was approximately 32.6%. Conclusions: Nanoparticle exposure increased as the number of particles in the air around the heat treatment process increases, and the ratio of heavy metals in dust generated after the heat treatment process is high, which may adversely affect workers' health.