• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of citron peel powder(OJ 0/0, 0.60/0, 0.9 %) on proximate composition, minerals, vitamin A, C content and fatty acid composition of emulsion-type sausages. The moisture content of sausage containing 0.3% citron peel powder were significantly(P< 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The crude fat content of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly( P< 0.05) lower compared to those for control. The crude ash content of sausage containing 0.9% citron peel powder were significantly(P< 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The minerals, vitamin A and C content of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly(P < 0.05) higher compared to those for control. The palmitic acid(CI6: 0) and linoleic acid(CI8: 2) content of sausage containing citron peel powder were higher compared to those for control, but the palmitoleic acid(CI6: I) content of sausage containing 0.9% citron peel powder were lower. The total saturated fatty acid content of sausage containing 0.3% citron peel powder were significantly(P < 0.05) lower compared to those for control.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to : (a) examine diabetic patients' sensory evaluation and food preferences, (b) analyze the portion sizes & plate wastes, (c) investigate the factors affecting plate wastes, and (d) determine the nutritional & mometary values of the plate wastes. A questionnaire for determining food preference and sensory evaluation was developed. Thirty-three diabetic patients who were hospitalized in Sanggye Paik hospital in Seoul were studied. Serving sizes and plate wastes were weighed by using an electric scale, and the CAN-Pro program was used to evaluate the nutritional value or the food consumed. The data were analyzed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation. Using a five-point Likeu-type scale, the temperature s[ore ranged from 3.1 to 3.3 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), the preference store was 3.0-3.2 (1 : very dislike, 5:very like), the taste score was 2.9-3.2 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), and the amount of food served score was 2.8-3.0 (1 : too little, 5 : too much). Serving sizes were considered insufficient by patients because most of the DM diet was low in calories. Average plate waste for the DM diet was 26.2% of the total served, by weight, and was lower than that for patients consuming a normal diet, which was 30.3%, found in previous research. Those subjects who had been previously hospitalized and who wished to participate in a campaign for food waste reduction produced less plate waste than other groups (p<.05). Plate wastes of the DM diet were negatively correlated with taste, temperature, and preference, and were positively correlated with the amount served: however, these results were not statistically significant. It was found that diabetic patients consumed adequate levels of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin B$_1$, Vitamin B$_2$, and niacin, but inadequate levels of Phosphorus, Vitamin A and Vitamin C. The plate wastes were calculated to be 26.2% of the total cost (￦ 3,489), which is ￦9l5. This represents a significant wastage of resources from the hospital. The results of this study could assist foodservice managers in both controlling food wastage, and improving the quality of hospital food services.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.416-428
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of breakfast service on nutritional status, hematological status, and attentiveness of children in low-income families. The subjects were 19 boys and 13 girls between 7 and 11 years old. The subjects were divided into a control group and a breakfast service (BS) group, in which 12 boys and 5 girls received breakfast from February 1 to December 31, 2010. The results can be summarized as follows: intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C in the BS group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In the BS group, the intakes of calcium, folic acid, and vitamin C were lower than 75% of recommended intake levels. There were no significant differences in the total blood protein level and total cholesterol level between the BS group and control group. A blood albumin level was significantly higher in the BS group than in the control group. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the BS group than in the control group, whereas the diastolic blood pressure showed no significant difference between the groups. A dietary attitude score increased according to breakfast service and nutritional education. No significant differences were found in the capacity value and continuity value between the two groups, but the control value was significantly higher in the BS group than in the control group. Therefore, to sustain the effect of breakfast service and improve nutritional status for children skipping breakfast in low-income families, nutrition intervention services, as well as legal and financial support by the government should be provided.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 1969

Sea-divers(woman) are living in coastal villages and their principal daily work is to dive into sea water in order to get sea-weeds, pearls etc. They are able to be stayed inside the water for a relatively long period and at the same time have a hard physical work during the period. Besides these works, they work also on farms and in homes in their rest time. Hwa-Jeon-Min('fire-field' farmers) are living in higher mountainous areas (plateau areas) and they burn off the ground for cultivation and obtain the crops on which they are living. Usually, they are far apart from cities and markets. The above mentioned two groups are special social groups in this country, consequently are interested in their food and nutritional habbits. The summarized surveyed results are as follows (See the Tables 1, 2, and 3). 1. In case of Sea-divers(woman): a. Staple foods are cereals, vegetables, and fishes and shell-fishes. These foods occupy 40%, 15%, and 24% respectively of all the foods intaken. b. Relatively large amount of protein and fat are intaken. Especially animal protein shows 64% of total protein intaken. c. Intake of vitamin $B_2$ is low but all other nutrients are intaken in relatively good amount. 2. In case of Hwa-Jeon-Min ('fire-field' farmers): a. Staple foods are cereals, potatoes, and vegetables. These foods occupy 61%, 19%, and 14% respectively of all the foods intaken. b. Intaken amount of animal foods is only 7 grams and this figure is only 0.1% of total foods intaken. c. Intake of animal protein is 0.4 to 0.6 grams per day and that of fats is 8 to 10 grams only. d. Intake of carbohydrate is very high. The calorie derived from the carbohydrate is 86% of total calorie intaken. e. Intakes of calcium, vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, and niacin are low. Especially, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_2$ are deficient from their food habbits.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.185.2-186
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• 2003

세계적으로 최소가공식품(minimally processed foods)의 시장이 확대되면서, 최소가공된 과채류의 미생물학적 안전성 확보가 중요한 사안으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 김치제조용 원료배추를 모델로 하여 감마선 및 가스치환 포장법을 병용한 절임배추의 미생물학적, 이화학적 특성을 평가하였다. Fresh-cut상태의 절임배추(염농도 3%)를 각각 air, 100% $CO_2$, 25% $CO_2$/75% $N_2$가스를 주입하여 포장한 후 0, 0.5, 1, 2 kGy의 선량으로 감마선 조사하여 3주 동안 저장하면서 분석에 사용하였다. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Salmonella, lactic acid bacteria의 분포를 살펴본 결과, $CO_2$혹은 $CO_2$/$N_2$포장과 감마선을 병용처리한 경우 저장기간 동안 total aerobic bacteria, coliforms 및 Salmonella 모두 1kGy의 선량에서 90% 이상 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 일반 함기포장보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 색도 및 물성은 포장방법에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으며, pH의 경우도 감마선 조사 및 가스치환 포장시 더욱 효과적으로 유지할 수 있었다. FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power) value 및 DPPH radical 소거능과 같은 생리활성 능력을 측정한 결과 포장방법 및 감마선 조사에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 가스치환 포장 및 감마선 조사를 병용시 함기포장구 보다 낮은 감마선 조사선 량에서 병원성 미생물을 제어할 수 있었으며, 이화학적 품질이 우수하고 저장성이 향상된 절임배추를 제조할 수 있었다.7로 4$0^{\circ}C$ 진공건조와 -7$0^{\circ}C$ 동결건조의 L값 변화보다 큰 변화를 보였고, 또한‘a’값과 ‘b’값의 경우도 마찬가지로 5$0^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조의 경우가 양파의 내부와 외부면의 적색도 및 황색도 변화가 크게 일어나는 경향을 나타내었다. 건조과정 중 vitamin C의 함량변화는 건조에 의한 수분함량의 감소로 vitamin C의 함량은 상대적으로 증가하였고, -7$0^{\circ}C$ 동결건조의 경우가 가장 높은 vitamin C의 증가량을 나타내었고, 그와 반대로 5$0^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조의 경우는 열에 의한 vitamin C의 변화로 인한 상대적 증가량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.아현미가 더욱 조밀하였다. 10시간 탈삽처리에서 상품성이 우수하였다. 그러나 25'E 28시간 탈삽처리는 탈삽의 균일도가 다른 처리에 비해 떨어지는 경향이었다. 경우, 사과표피의 색도 변화를 현저히 지연시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 control과 비교하여 성공적으로 사과에 코팅하였으며, 상온에서 보관하여을 때 사과의 품질을 30일 이상 연장하는 효과를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로부터 대두단백질 필름이 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

본 연구는 다류의 항산화 활성과 항산화 물질 함량에 대한 조사연구를 목적으로 하였다. 총 99건의 다류에 대하여 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)의 자유라디칼소거에 대한 능력을 가지고 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 항산화 활성은 차 시료 100 g당 아스코르빈산 당량의 mg(L-아스코르빈산 동등한 항산화 능력, AEAC)과 1회 제공량 당 mg(자유라디칼 소거활성, $FSC_{50}$)으로 나타냈고 시료추출액에서의 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Ciocalteu법으로, 플라보노이드의 함량은 Davis변법으로 측정하였고 Vitamin C는 HPLC법으로 분석하였다. AEAC 값은 마테차, 녹차, 홍차, 헛개차, 국화차, 우엉차에서 상대적으로 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 폴리페놀 물질은 차에서 자연스럽게 발생하는 중요한 항산화 물질로 홍차, 녹차 그리고 마테차에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 플라보노이드는 마테차, 홍차 그리고 마차에서, Vitamin C는 유자차와 녹차에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 유형별로는 침출차가 고형차나 액상차보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 연구결과, 다류에는 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활성사이에는 높은 상관관계가 있었고 플라보노이드와 항산화 활성사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다. 즉, 다류의 항산화 활성은 폴리페놀에 의한 영향으로 확인되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2017

본 연구는 국가자료인 제 6기(2013년, 2014년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 19세 이상 한국 성인에서 비타민 D 수준과 이상지질혈증과의 관련성을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구 결과에서 성인의 비타민 D 결핍 수준은 인구대비 74.4%로 나타났으며, 이상지질혈증의 유병 수준은 39.6%이었다. 교차분석에서 이상지질혈증과의 관련요인 중에 유의한 차이를 보이는 변수는 성별(p<0.001), 연령(p<0.001), 흡연여부(p<0.001), 주관적 건강 상태(p<0.001), 체질량지수(p<0.001), 혈압(p<0.001), 공복혈당(p<0.001), 신체 활동(p<0.001) 및 Vitamin D(p<0.001) 등이었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 비타민 D가 20.0 ng/mL 미만으로 결핍일 때 이상지질혈증의 발생 위험이 교차비가 1.29(95% C1, 1.11-1.51)로 유의하였다. 신체 활동 변수를 통제한 상태에서도 비타민 D와 이상지질혈증 진단 지표 중 총 콜레스테롤에서 교차비가 1.41(95% C1, 1.04-1.81)로, 중성지방에서 교차비가 1.36(95% C1, 1.11-1.66)으로 유의하였다. 결론은 우리나라 정상 성인에서 비타민 D 수준과 이상지질혈증과의 관련성은 유의하였고, 그 중에서 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방에서 관련성이 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 향후에 비타민 D 수준과 이상지질혈증에 대한 좀 더 체계적인 코호트 연구 등 다양한 연구를 시행할 수 있다면 비타민 D와 이상지질혈증의 인과관계를 확인하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2002

The primary cause of tooth loss after 30 years of age is periodontal disease. Destruction of alveolar bone by periodontal disease is done by bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Understanding differentiation and activation mechanism of osteoclasts is essential for controling periodontal disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of Vitamin D and cytokines affecting osteoclasts and its precursor cells. Four to six week-old mice were killed and humerus, radius, tibia and femur were removed aseptically and washed two times with Hank's solution containing penicillin-streptomycin and then soft tissue were removed. Bone marrow cells were collected by 22 gauge needle. Cells were cultured in Hank's solution containing 1 mg/ml type II collagenase, 0.05% trypsin, 41mM EDTA. Supernatant solution was removed 5 times after 15 minutes of digestion with above mentioned enzyme solution, and remained bone particles were maintained in alpha-MEM for 15 minutes and $4^{\circ}C$ temperature. Bone particles were agitated for 1 minute and supernatant solution containing osteoclast precursor cells were filtrated with cell stainer. These separated osteoclast precursor cells were dispensed with 100-mm culture dish by $1{\times}10^7$ cells unit and cultured in ${\alpha}$- MEM containing 20 ng/ml recombinant human M-CSF, 30 ng/ml recombinant human soluble osteoclast differentiation factor and 10% fetal calf serum for 2 and 7 days. Total RNA of osteoclast precursor cells were extracted using RNeasy kit. One ${\mu}g$ of total RNA was reverse transcribed in $42^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes using SuperScriptII reverse transcriptase. Expression of transcribed receptors of each hormone and cytokine were traced with 1 ${\mu}l$ of cDNA solution by PCR amplification. Vitamin D receptor WAS found in cells cultured for 7 days. TNF-${\alpha}$ receptor was found in cells cultured for 2 days and amount of receptors were increased by 7 days. IL-1 type I receptor was not found in cells cultured 2 and 7 days. But, IL-1 receptor type II was found in cells cultured for 2 days. TGF-${\alpha},{\beta}$type I receptor was found in cells cultured 2 and 7 days, and amount of receptors were increased by 7 days of culture. These results implies Vitamin D and cytokines can affect osteoclasts directly, and affecting period in differentiation cycle of osteoclasts is different by Vitamin D and cytokines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.338-346
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine nutrient intakes, food and daily habits, and serum lipids for female college students. The subjects consisted of 70 female college students aged 20 to 29 years old. Their dietary intakes were assessed by means of 24 hour dietary recall method. Food models and other measuring tools were also used. Concentrations of serum lipids were measured. The energy intake of the subjects averaged 1837Kcal, whereas the expended energy was 1871Kcal. The subjects consumed 310g of carbohydrates, 66g protien, 37g lipid, 14mg iron, 586mg calcium, 513R.E. vitamin A, 1.0mg vitamin B1, 1.3mg vitamin B2 1.5mg niacin, and 69mg vitamin C, respectively. Vitamin A and iron intakes were lower than the RDA. The percentages of total calorie from carbohydrate, fat, and protein were 67%, 18%, 14%, showing desirable calorie construction. The mean serum triglyceride(TG), cholesterol (Chol), HDL-Chol and LDC-Chol concentrations were 72.4mg/dl, 161.3mg/dl, 44.5mg/dl, and 102.3mg/dl, respectively. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range. There were positive correlations between serum Chol and HDL-Chol or LDL-Chol or TG ; negative correlations between serum Chol and HDL-Chol/LDL-Chol ratio, between serum TG and HDL-Chol or HDL-Chol/LDC-Chol ratio.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1998

Chestnuts(Castanea cretana, Eunki) were used for quality evaluations from the physiological and physicochemical points of view during storage under different temperatures and relative humidities for 8 months. Quality criteria included spouting, rotting, weight loss, and the changes in moisture, total sugar, reducing sugar, and total vitamin C of the stored sample. Sprouts(roots) were developed in about 2 months in all stored samples which had been mixed with sawdust(50% moisture) and stored under the conditions of 2∼25$^{\circ}C$ and 62∼95% RH. The sprout development was more significant in the storage temperature of Pit(9${\pm}$6$^{\circ}C$, 80${\pm}$5% RH, PT)and room(16${\pm}$7$^{\circ}C$, 85${\pm}$10% RH, RT) than low(3${\pm}$1%, 80${\pm}$5% RH, LT)and ambient(14${\pm}$11$^{\circ}C$, 67${\pm}$5% RH, AT). The rates of rotting and weight loss were appreciable in the order of PT, AT, RT and LT, and those of LT were 1∼2%. The use of wet sawdusts resulted in the increase of moisture contents in stored samples, thereby causing the rotting phenomena. Some chemical components of stored samples were found liable to the changes according to storage conditions, that is; total sugars showed a decreasing tendency along with a temporary increase during storage, and both reducing sugar and vitamin C were similarly accumulated in the samples stored at low temperature conditions. The results indicated that long-term storage of chestnuts will be possible in either cases of the application of low temperature following sprout-inhibition treatment or the use of lower temperature than 0$^{\circ}C$ to suppress its sprouting during storage.