• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.930-939
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• 1994

Vitamin B-6 nutrition has been shown to be inadequate in many population groups including pregnant and lactating women, and in infants. Vitamin B-6 intake was measured in 98 pregnant mothers and a total of 172 cord blood samples of their and other new born infants were analyzed for erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase(EALAT) activities with or without the addition of pyridoxal-5-phosphate to assess vitamin B-6 status of the infants. The average daily vitamin B-6 intake of the pregnant mothers was 1.79mg$\pm$0.88(81.4% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances ; RDA) and vitamin B-6 to protein intake ration was 0.017mg vitamin B-6/g protein. Thirty-eight percent of the pregnant women consumed diets which provided less than the RDA for vitamin B-6 during pregnancy. Seventy-two percent of the dietary pyridoxine intake was provided by the plant food source whose bioavailability was reported to be lower when compared to that of the animal food. The average activity coefficient(AC) values of the cord blood EALAT was 1.41$\pm$0.11, and 32% of the blood samples had EALATAC values greater than 1.25, suggesting that vitamin B-6 status of the newborns might be less than adequate.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1990

Yu Ja cheong(Citron product) one of the traditional drinks was processed by a modified method to improve the quality,. Sugar(38%) and sorbitol(12%) were added as partially substi-tuted sugar and experimented about quality stability during storage at 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ comparing with conventional 50% sugar added product. Chemical compositions of the acidity 40. 46mg% total Vitamin and 28.5mg% amino-N and pH was 3.7 During the storage pH reducing sugar and amino-N contents increased slightly while total acididty decreased slightly and reduced vitamin C occupied most part of total vitamin C after proessing was converted to oxidized vitamin C greatly at 70 days of storage. While L a and b values deceased in between modified one and conventional product. e value increased continually during storage {{{{ {C }_{16 { }:_{ } 0 } }}}} {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }0 } }}}} {{{{ {C}_{18 { }:_{ }1 } }}}} and {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }2 } }}}} contnts in fatty acid and citric acid itaconic acid malic acid and succinic acid in organic acid were the major componets in both products. Judging from the results of experiments during storage the quality of the modified product was compared quite well with that of vonventional one during storage.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2013

This study compared the nutritional composition and antioxidative activity of different parts of Taraxacum coreanum (aerial parts and roots) according to different drying methods (natural drying and freeze-drying). There were no significant differences in vitamin C content in roots depending on the drying methods. However, vitamin A (P<0.01), E (P<0.001) and C (P<0.001) content of aerial parts, and vitamin A (P<0.001) and E (P<0.05) content of roots were significantly higher after freeze-drying compared to natural drying. For organic acids, the oxalic acid content of the aerial parts and roots were the highest. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid content in extracts from the aerial parts (P<0.01) and roots (P<0.05) were significantly higher after freeze-drying compared to natural drying. In addition, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antioxidative index from the natural drying and freeze-drying of Taraxacum coreanum extracts were significantly higher in the aerial parts compared to the roots (P<0.05). These results suggest that the nutritional composition and antioxidative activity of Taraxacum coreanum are higher in the aerial parts compared to the roots, and higher after freeze-drying compared to natural drying. Therefore, the aerial parts of Taraxacum coreanum could be suggested as an antioxidative functional food source.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2014

It is generally accepted that diet modification provides beneficial effects on the management of diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of diet modification on nutrient intake and quality of life in a large sample of diabetic patients. This study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2007-2010). A total of 2,484 of diabetic patients were included in the analysis. Then, we compared the overall quality of dietary intake between diabetic patients with diet modification and those without dietary modification. The result showed that subjects on diabetic diet (DDG) showed lower levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST before and after the adjustment for covariates (all p < 0.05). The results of nutrient assessment showed that DDG had lower intakes of total energy, fat, and carbohydrate (all p < 0.05), but higher intakes of energy from protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin and vitamin C than NDG. (all p < 0.05). In addition, nutritional adequacy ratio of calcium and vitamin B2 were significantly higher in DDG than those in normal diet group (NDG) (p < 0.05). However, we observed no significant differences in quality of life between two groups. In conclusion, diet modification in diabetic patients seemed to be effective to improve blood lipid profile and the adequacy of nutrient intake without sacrificing the quality of life.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in vitamin D levels in a healthy pediatric population living in mid-latitude East Asian urban areas. Methods: A pediatric population was selected from single secondary hospital visitors. Clinical data and serum vitamin D levels were collected retrospectively. Statistical analyses were performed based on the month of the blood sampling date, subject age, and vitamin D supplementation history. The data were categorized into three subgroups based on serum vitamin D levels-adequate (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL). Results: Of the 481 patients, 172 had vitamin D supplementation history. More than 70% of the total study population had inadequate vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL). The non-supplemented group and the supplemented group showed significantly uneven monthly distribution of the adequate, insufficient, and deficient subgroups. Only the non-supplemented group showed significantly different average vitamin D levels in the summer months compared to the winter months. In the non-supplemented group, vitamin D levels were the lowest in March, the highest in August and September. Significant relevance was noted between vitamin D supplementation status and vitamin D serum level in February and March. There was no significant difference between different age groups in terms of the distribution of vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Currently-widespread vitamin D replacement methods seem to have some effect on increasing the overall serum vitamin D levels, specifically during late winter when natural serum vitamin D levels plunge. However, they are unable to fully compensate the seasonal fluctuation.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.134-139
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• 2001

Vitamin deficiency is a result of an inadequate diet. Education on the importance of trace nutrients in diabetic patients with poor blood sugar control is examined. Those who prepare meals must consider the loss of vitamins in the process of cooking. Our study also suggested that marginal vitamin deficiency plays an indirect but important role in the development of diabetic complications. Vitamin C as altering total cholesterol and vitamin E as altering triglyceride could modify diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacologically, niacin might be responsible for the decrease in lipoprotein (a) and vitamin C would inhibit the influence of rapid blood glucose control on diabetic retinopathy.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 1995

감잎차의 효과적인 제조법 및 음용방법을 조사하기 위해 세가지 방법(재래식, 증자법, 발효법)에 의해 감잎으로부터 감잎차를 제조하여 vitamin C와 SOD 유사활성의 변화를 조사하였다. Vitamin C는 발효법에 의해 제조된 감잎차에서 가장 함량이 높았으며 이 수치는(551.85 mg%) 생감잎에 들어 있는 vitamin C의 (1173.67 mg%) 47%에 해당하는 양이며 재래식 및 증자법에 의한 감잎차에 대해 각각 42배, 8배나 되는 많은 양임이 밝혀졌다. 반면 SOD 유사활성은 재래식(833.33 SOD unit/g)과 발효법(816.33 SOD unit/g)에 의해 제조된 감잎차가 증자법(754.72 SOD unit/g)에 비해 조금 높은 것으로 나타났지만 절대 수치에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 추출온도와 시간에 따라 증자법 감잎차의 vitamin C는 온도에 상관없이 추출시간의 증가에 따라 조금씩 감소하였다. 발효법 감잎차는 $60^{\circ}C$와 $70^{\circ}C$에서는 추출량이 시간의 증가에 따라 대체적으로 증가하였으나 $80^{\circ}C$와 $90^{\circ}C$에서는 추출시간 5분까지는 증가하고 이후에는 감소하였다. 발효법 감잎차의 vitamin C의 최적 추출조건은 $80^{\circ}C$와 $90^{\circ}C$에서 3분과 5분이었고 $70^{\circ}C$에서는 5분과 10분 그리고, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 10분이었다. 재래식 감잎차의 vitamin C는 그 양이 적어 실험에 사용된 DNP법에 의해서는 측정할 수 없었다. SOD유사활성을 살펴볼 때 재래식 및 증자법 감잎차는 추출시간에 따라 $80^{\circ}C$와 $90^{\circ}C$에서 조금씩 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 발효법 감잎차는 $80^{\circ}C$와 $90^{\circ}C$에서 증가${\rightarrow}$감소${\rightarrow}$증가하는 경향을 보였고 재래식 및 증자법에 의한 감잎차보다 $80^{\circ}C$와 $90^{\circ}C$ 경우 추출시간에 관계없이 모든 조건에서 높은 활성을 나타냈으며 SOD 유사활성 물질의 최적 추출조건은 3분과 10분이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2013

To characterize the nutraceutical property of Italian millet (Setaria italica) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), ten Korean landraces of each crop were collected and their vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) contents as well as fatty acid composition in seeds were evaluated. Italian millet seeds exhibited 5 forms of vitamin E isomers: three (${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-) tocopherols and two (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-) tocotrienols, while sorghum seeds showed only three forms of vitamin E isomers: ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\alpha}$-tocotrienol. In both crops, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was the major constituent of vitamin E in terms of highest quantity. Total vitamin E content in Italian millet and sorghum landraces were 88.3 mg/kg and 44.3 mg/kg, respectively. Among three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) analyzed, ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major form comprising about 85% and 65% in Italian millet and sorghum landraces, respectively. Total phytosterols content ranged from 443.0 to 568.5 mg/kg and 442.3 to 719.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and sorghum, respectively. Squalene, a precursor of phytosterols biosynthesis, ranged from 6.8 to 10.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and from 62.2 to 115.2 mg/kg in sorghum. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids in both of the crops and about 80% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. Among the tested landraces, M09 and S10 showed relatively higher proportion of phytonutrients, suggesting their potential as a gene source for further breeding program.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1999

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids of industrial workers. 226 for adult aged 20yr~59yr (average age 35.9yr) were selected as subjects during 6 months, from June to December, 1997. Nutrients intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows ; In total subjects, calories, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ were below Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances) and protein, iron, vitamin C, niacin and phosphorus were above Korean RDA. Distribution of BMI groups were underweight groups(7.9%), normalweight groups(63.3%) and overweight groups(28.8%). In BMI groups, intakes of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, niacin and potassium of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Intakes of calcium of underweight groups were lower than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.05). BMI increased with age. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, natrium and potassium were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Calcium and vitamin C were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.01). vitamin A and phosphorus were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.05). Total lipid, total-chol., triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). HDL-chol. were negatively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Above results, the more BMI and age increased, the worse patterns of serum lipid, so that increased atherogenic index that increased risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative chronic disease connected with serum lipid. After classified by BMI, age and lipid pattern, it will be managed individually for health management of industrial workers. Development and application of efficient program will be urgent for harmonious nutrition counseling and guidance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status, serum lipids and leptin of 134 elementary school students with different obesity index residing in Kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to under weight, normal weight or over weight group according to the their obesity index. Their nutritional status, serum lipid and leptin levels were evaluated based on 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and blood analysis. The mean weight, height and obesity index of total subjects was 150.8cm, 45.6kg and 5.4%. The mean % of body fat was higher while LBM and TBW (total body water) were lower in over weight subjects than those of other two groups. Total food, plant protein, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes of underweight male students were lower than those of overweight male students. The consumption of total fat was the highest in the female normal weight subjects and the lowest in female overweight subjects. Male students consumed more plant protein and vitamin C than female students. The mean daily intake of vitamin B$_2$, calcium and zinc of all subjects did not meet the Korean RDA. Also, iron intake of female students was lower than the Korean RDA. The mean level of serum leptin was the highest in male and female overweight subjects (p＜0.001). The HDL-cholesterol level was the highest in the underweight group of male subjects (p＜0.05) and in the normal weight group of female subjects (p＜0.001) The serum level of leptin and atherogenic index (AI) of females were higher than those of males. Serum leptin of total subjects had significantly positive correlation with obesity index, weight, SBP, body fat, cholesterol intake, serum triglyceride, and AI. However, serum leptin was negatively correlated with LBM, TBW, intake of plant protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and serum HDL-cholesterol. Obesity index was also positively correlated with weight, SBP, body fat, serum triglyceride and AI. To summarize the results, the vitamin B$_2$, calcium, zinc, iron and fiber intakes should be supplied to elementary school students, especially those who were overweight. The average serum leptin level of students showed remarkably positive correlation with obesity index, body fat, serum lipids and AI. Also, it was suggested that the serum leptin might be related to the dietary factors like cholesterol, plant protein, vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C of elementary school students.