• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.639-646
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• 1997

늙은 호박의 부위별 이화학적 특성 연구로서 호박의 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산, 카로데노이드 및 펙틴물 질의 함량과 특성을 조사하였다. 호박의 중량에 대해 과육부위가 84%로 가장 높은 함유율을 나타내었고, 껍질이 10%, 내부 섬유상물질이 3.5%를 차지하였다. 호박의 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose로 구성되어 있었으나 과육부는 fructose와 glucose가 전체 유리당의 87%를 차지한 반면 내부 섬유상물질은 sucrose의 함량이 높았고, 총 유리당 함량은 과육부가 섬유상부위 보다 3배 높았다. 유리아미노산의 경우 과육부는 serine이 102.0mg%로 전체 유리아미노산의 45%, 섬유상부위는 aspartic acid가 241.3mg%로 70%를 차지하였으며, 총 아미노산은 호박의 부위에 관계없이 aspartic, glu-tamic acid의 순으로 함량이 높았다. 유기산은 malic, cit-ric, succinic, fumaric acid로 구성 되어 있었으나 malic acid가 과육의 경우 85.2mg%, 섬유상 부위의 경우 226.5mg%로서 전체 유기산의 63~70%를 나타내었다 총 카로테노이드의 함량은 내부 섬유상물질이 65.3mg%로 호박 총 카로테노이드의 87%를 차지하였고, 과육, 껍질은 각각 6.6, 3.3mg%였다. 호박의 가용성 펙틴 함량은 수용성 펙틴이 총가용성 펙틴의 58%를 차지하였고, 섬유상부위가 과육부에 비해 그들의 총 함량이 높았다. 가용성 펙틴의 분자량 분포를 조사한 결과 과육부의 펙틴이 섬유상에 비해 다소 분자량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 호박펙틴의 중성당은 rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose로 분리되었고, 이중 과육은 galactose가 45%, 섬유상은 glucose가 36.5%로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2003

과실류의 단맛 결정인자인 유리당의 함량을 계통별로 분석하여 생식 및 가공식품의 원료로서 오디의 이용성을 늪이고 오디의 과실화 촉진을 위한 기초자료를 제공함은 물론 오디 생산용 뽕나무 육종효율을 높이기 위하여 유전자원으로 보존 중인 뽕나무 계통에 대하여 결실 오디를 채취하여 유리당의 조성과 함량을 비교$.$분석하였다. 동시에 유리당의 함량이 높은 계통을 선발하여 수량, 과중, 당도 등 과실적 특성을 고려하여 오디생산용 계통으로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 공시계통 모두 fructose와 glucose만이 검출되었으며, fructose와 glucose의 평균 함량은 각각 4.49$\pm$1.06%와 4.62$\pm$1.08%로서 두 성분의 조성 비율은 1:1이었다. 그러나 두 성분에 대한 각각의 변이계수(coefficient of variation) 값은 23.6%와 23.4%로서 높게 나타나 오디의 유리당 함량은 뽕나무 계통간 차이가 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 공시계통의 총 유리당의 평균 함량은 9.11$\pm$2.14%이었고, 공시계통 중 총 유리당 함량이 가장 높게 나타난 계통은 '근아노상'으로서 14.67%이었으며, ‘청시평’의 경우 5.57%로서 가장 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 3. '근아노상' 등 유리당의 합이 10% 이상인 계통을 1차 선발한 후 단과중, 수량 및 당도 함량에 대한 과실적 특성을 종합적으로 비교한 결과 '환십조생', '개량조생십 문자', '중고조' 및 '근아노상' 계통은 이들 특성을 모두 만족시켜 오디생산용 유망계통으로 이용가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2023

The surge in the oil prices, increasing global population, climate change, and waste management problems are the major issues which have led to the development of biofuels from lignocellulosic wastes. Cellulosic or second generation (2G) bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass via pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Pretreatment of lignocellulose is of considerable interest due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, furniture waste sawdust was subjected to alkaline peroxide (H₂O₂) for the production of reducing sugars. Sawdust was pretreated at different concentrations from 1-3% H₂O₂ (v/v) loadings at a pH of 11.5 for a residence time of 15-240 min at 50, 75 and 90 ℃. Optimum pretreatment conditions, such as time of reaction, operating temperature, and concentration of H₂O₂, were varied and evaluated on the basis of the amount of total reducing sugars produced. It was found that the changes in the amount of lignin directly affected the yield of reducing sugars. A maximum of 50% reduction in the lignin composition was obtained, which yielded a maximum of 75.3% total reducing sugars yield and 3.76 g/L of glucose. At optimum pretreatment conditions of 2% H₂O₂ loading at 75 ℃ for 150 min, 3.46 g/L glucose concentration with a 69.26% total reducing sugars yield was obtained after 48 hr. of the hydrolysis process. Pretreatment resulted in lowering of crystallinity and distortion of the sawdust after the pretreatment, which was further confirmed by XRD and SEM results.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2007

Acrylamide has been found in many foods. Acrylamide in foodstuffs were analyzed by a GC/MS after bromination of acrylamide or by a LC/MS for underivatized acylamide. Time consuming and laborious clean up procedures is applied for the purification of the extract, in these methods. In this study, a simple and fast method without clean up step for the analysis of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke was developed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the effects of tobacco leaf constituents on acrylamide content was observed. The analysis of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke started to collect TPM (total particulate matter) from smoking and to extract by 0.1 % acetic acid solution and then to detect by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray in the positive mode. The recovery of acrylamide in 2R4F reference cigarette was 98 % and the reproducibility was 2.5 % and the limit of detection was 1.6 ng/mL. Reducing sugars and amino acids are considered to be main precursors of acrylamide in foodstuffs. Cut tobacco contain substantial amounts of reducing sugars and amino acid which may be explained the occurrence of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke. The effects of reducing sugars and total nitrogen studied in an experiment with a various tobacco types. This result indicated that reducing sugars are not limiting factor for acrylamide formation, but the level of acrylamide in cigarette smoke was significantly correlated with the total nitrogen contents.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Urticaceae. It was used in folk remedies for diuretic or anti-pyretic purposes and as an hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammation agent. In this study, we investigated the composition of free sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and total polyphenol contents in parts of ramie (root, stem, and leaf) and different harvest areas (10 areas). Overall, free sugars were found as sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose at concentrations ranging from 24.5 to 1173.8 mg/g. Amino acids lysine, threonine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine were detected at concentrations of 33.8 to 3735.3 mg/g. Major fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid at concentrations of 7.3 to 364.4 mg/g. In organic acids, the concentration of malic acid was highest of all with 672.2 mg/g. The content of free sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and total polyphenol was higher in leaves than in roots and stems. In contrast, the total polyphenol content was higher in roots with 33.7 - 219.4 mg/g than in leaves or in stems. As seen in collecting region, the contents of free sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and total polyphenol of Bn-33, 39, 55, 65, and 90 were higher than other samples. Chemical compositions of different parts of ramie are important factors to consider in manufacturing functional foods. The results of this study provide fundamental information on the chemical compositions of ramie parts and would help develop new functional foods from ramie leaves or the whole plant.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2020

The aging treatment was applied to Rehmannia glutinosa rhizome (RGR) to improve the digestibility by the enzymatic hydrolysis of undigestible sugars. However, RGR spoils easily during the aging treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ethanol addition as preservatives on sugars and microbial growth of aged RGR. The RGR was treated with the addition of ethanol (0~10%) at 55℃ for eight days. Reducing, free sugars, and total bacterial counts of RGR with ethanol concentrations were analyzed during the aging periods. The aged RGR with 0-2% ethanol appeared spoiled in appearance, and total bacterial counts of these samples increased from 1.1×10⁵ to 2.2×10⁷ CFU and then decreased again. When treated with 4~10% ethanol, the total bacterial counts of aged RGR decreased by more than 99.9% at eight days. In all samples, reducing and digestible sugars increased, and stachyose decreased by the aging treatment. Sucrose content was highest in the 6% ethanol sample (18.2% at six days). These results indicate that the ethanol addition can be applied to the aging treatment of the RGR for improving qualities (sweetness, digestibility, and microbial growth), and can be considered for the stable production of high quality aged RGR.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 1982

The composition and concentration of ginsenosides and the free sugars in panax ginseng(Korea ginseng), panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and panax pseudoginseng var. notoginseng (Sanchi ginseng), were investigated. The major ginsenosides and the order of their amount in panax ginseng are Rbl, Rc Rgl, Re, Rb2 Rd and these are about 90% of total ginsenosides, but major ginsenosides of American and Snachi ginseng art Rbl, Re, Rg1 (about 91% of total) ansi Rgl, Rbl, Re (about 93% of total) respectively. Sanchi ginseng was observed in higher concentration of panaxatriol than panaxadiol unlike panax and American ginseng. Free sugars in white ginseng are fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose. Whereas, in red ginseng rhamnose and xylose were also detected as free sugar.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.322-327
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• 1995

비파괴적으로 활력이 낮은 종자를 선별해내는 방법의 기초를 확립하고자 유채, 배추, 무 종자를 상대습도 90%, 온도 45$^{\circ}C$에서 인위적으로 퇴화시켜 종자활력과 종자를 물에 침지 할 때 분비되는 당의 종류, 분비량, 분비시간과의 관계를 구명한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 작물의 건전종자는 전당을 분비하지 않았지만 죽은 종자는 침지 후 4~8시간부터 전당을 많이 분비하였다. 2. 유채, 배추, 무의 건전종자는 sucrose와 g1ucose를 가장 많이 함유하였고, stachyose, fructose, raffinose도 함유하였다. 인공퇴화과정에서 stachyose, raffinose, sucrose는 줄고, glucose와 fructose는 증가하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.453-465
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• 2018

십자화과 식물에 속하는 무는 전세계적으로 재배되는 중요한 뿌리 채소작물이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 형질을 가진 무 유전자원 82 계통을 대상으로 총 유리당 함량을 분석하였다. 일본, 독일, 그리고 한국에서 보유중인 82 계통의 유전자원은 크게5 아종을 포함하고 있으며, 야생형, 야생 근연종, 재래종 그리고 육성품종으로 구분된다. 포도당, 과당, 자당 그리고 엿당을 분석하여 총 유리당 함량을 측정한 결과, 평균 25.33 mg/g, 5.64-46.68 mg/g의 분포도를 나타내어 계통에 따라 총 유리당 함량에 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 총 유리당 함량에 대하여 포도당이 56.92%로 가장 높은 유리당 함유율을 보였고, 과당(31.34%), 자당(10.46%), 그리고 엿당(2.25%)의 순으로 높은 함유 율을 보였다. 5 아종에서 유전형에 따른 총 유리당 함량의 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나, 아종에 따른 유리당 함유 율의 차이는 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 야생종과 야생 근연종 그리고 재래종 무는 육성 품종과 비교하여 평균 총 유리당 함량에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 당의 종류별 함유 율을 비교한 결과 야생종과 재래종에서 높은 함유 율을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과는 후속 연구를 통한 고품질 무의 개발 및 무의 유리당 생합성 관련 연구를 위한 기초정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

Osmoconditioning and hardening effects for the seed germination of normal and naturally aged rice seeds were studied through analyzing the total sugars and $\alpha$-amylase activity. The normal seeds which used to have high germination rate accelerated germination with the osmoconditioning at the suboptimal temperature of 17$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the aged seeds did not affect germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$, while increased germination rate and accelerated germination a little at 17$^{\circ}C$, Hardening of aged seeds increased germination rate by 10-15% compared with control seeds at both 17 and $25^{\circ}C$ and accelerated germination. Total sugar content and $\alpha$-amylase activity of normal seeds were higher than did aged seeds. The aged seeds with treatment of osmoconditioning and hardening increased total sugar content and $\alpha$--amylase activity, but hardening was more effective than osmoconditioning. The $\alpha$--amylase activity was positively correlated with the total sugar content and germination rate.