• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.723-733
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• 2016

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merill] are a rich source of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. Soybean sprouts contain many biologically active secondary metabolites and are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, two soybean cultivars, Hosim, with high oleic acid (- 80% in total seed oil), and Pungsannamul, with normal oleic acid (- 23%) in seed, were examined for changes in the content of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) during the sprouting duration of 5 days. The protein content in both the varieties was found to increase by the days of sprouting. The crude oil content of Pungsannamul sprouts was found to be maximum on day 1 (16.9%, w/w) and decreased thereafter to reach to the level of 14.8% on day 5. No significant differences in the crude oil content of Hosim sprouts from day 1 to 5 were observed. Flavonoid content was found to increase up to day 4 and then dropped on day 5, in both the cultivars. Total polyphenol content showed a tendency to increase up to day 3 and started to decrease significantly from day 4. DPPH activity was found to increase up to day 5 in both the varieties. All the components studied in the high oleic acid soybean sprouts showed a change in content during the sprouting process similar to the change that would occur in normal oleic acid soybeans. The study showed that the contents of antioxidant, flavonoid, and polyphenol significantly increase during the sprouting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to provide a fundamental data to improve meals of the college foodservice operations serving more than 300 meals per day through evaluating changes in; total vitamin C contests, water contents, and pH, in the process of handling such foods as soybean sprout cooked and of fresh vegetable salads. This study, also, tried to identify nutrition reduction, step by step, to minimize nutrition loss. 1. In handing COOKED SOYBEAN SPROUTS, total vitamin C contents were higher after wash(1.54%mg%) than other cooking methods adopted in university meals(1.08mg%), however, total vitamin C contents was significantly lost during boiling step. 2. Significant loss of total vitamin C and water content in the FRESH VEGITABLE SALADS was detected in the process of washing and cutting vegitables. Especially,'cabbage' lost 20% of total vitamin C in the process of 'soaking in water', which was one of preparation process 3. Significant loss of vitamin C was observed after 6 hours of HOLDINC AFTER COOKING but it can be reduced through holding under lower temparature, in case of soybean sprouts and fresh vegitable salads. pH became acidic as holding time expanded. WATER CONTENT of cooked soybean sprouts decreased up to 4 hours holding time, however, it increased when we checked at after 6 hours' of holding time. Water content continuously decreased up to 6 hours of holding time in case of FRESH VESITABLE SALADS with the statistically significance level.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 2010

The study investigated the effect of rice particle size on the physicochemical properties of soybean porridge prepared at different pH. Redness, yellowness and viscosity of soybean porridge increased according to the rice particle size. Protein content of soybean porridge was increased 2-fold, compared to that of rice porridges. Total amino acid content of soybean porridge was 1,821.2 mg/100 g and that of rice was 1,719.1 mg/100 g. Lysine and threonine contents of limited amino acid of soybean porridge were increased. Half grain rice soybean porridge exhibited the highest sensory scores. The results indicated that half grain size soybean porridge is preferred, both physicochemically and nutritionally.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2006

Naturally occurring soybean isoflavones are known to be influenced by various genetic and environmental conditions. Growth, yield, and isoflavone content were determined in four different cultivars of soybean grown under drained paddy and upland fields. Most of growth characteristics and yield components of four different soybean cultivars harvested in drained paddy field were greater than those in upland field, regardless of cultivar. By means of high performance liquid chromatography, total daidzein and genistein contents of soybean in drained paddy field were increased up to 40 and 35%, respectively, compared with those in drained paddy field. Besides isoflavone contents, the growth and yield of soybean were significantly affected by cultivar and field conditions, indicating the necessity of genetic program for soybean cultivars appropriate to drained paddy field conditions. In conclusion, converting paddy field into upland may effectively improve soybean cropping system, especially in terms of isoflavone increment under paddy field conditions.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2008

In this study, changes in total trans fatty acid (tFA) and fat contents were determined in soybean oil, shortening, and olive oil after potato sticks were fried 30 consecutive times, respectively. Prior to frying, the potato sticks contained 3.8% fat, with 43.2% tFAs, After the first frying in soybean oil, the total tFA content of the potato sticks sharply decreased to 3.2%, and then it gradually increased to 8.1 % after 30 consecutive times of frying. However, the total fat content of the potato sticks, fried in soybean oil increased to 15.2% after the first frying and thereafter it decreased to 9.75% with 30 repeated episodes of frying. When the potato sticks were fried in olive oil, similar changes in tFA and fat contents were shown; while such changes were not observed when shortening was used. After 30 consecutive frying events, the tFA contents in the soybean oil and olive oil increased to 4.15 and 5.75%, respectively; however, such an increase was not observed in the shortening. One can assume that most of the tFAs in the fried oils were from the potato sticks, which contained relatively high tFA content during the repeated deep-frying process.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2017

Purpose: Morphological properties of soybean roots are important indicators of the vigor of the seed, which determines the survival rate of the seedlings grown. The current vigor test for soybean seeds is manual measurement with the human eye. This study describes an application of a machine vision technique for rapid measurement of soybean seed vigor to replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive conventional method. Methods: A CCD camera was used to obtain color images of seeds during germination. Image processing techniques were used to obtain root segmentation. The various morphological parameters, such as primary root length, total root length, total surface area, average diameter, and branching points of roots were calculated from a root skeleton image using a customized pixel-based image processing algorithm. Results: The measurement accuracy of the machine vision system ranged from 92.6% to 98.8%, with accuracies of 96.2% for primary root length and 96.4% for total root length, compared to manual measurement. The correlation coefficient for each measurement was 0.999 with a standard error of prediction of 1.16 mm for primary root length and 0.97 mm for total root length. Conclusions: The developed machine vision system showed good performance for the morphological measurement of soybean roots. This image analysis algorithm, combined with a simple color camera, can be used as an alternative to the conventional seed vigor test method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2011

Health beneficial properties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isoflavones are well known. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the isoflavone composition and concentrations of soybean varieties grown in different cultivated regions of Vietnam (i.e., upland and lowland). Total and individual isoflavone composition and concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total isoflavone concentrations varied from 1153 to $6604{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ and averaging $3354{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ across environments and varieties. In the lowland region, the highest total isoflavones concentration was observed in M103 cultivar ($5653{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) and the lowest in VX9-3 ($1153{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), whereas in the upland region the highest and lowest concentrations were in M103 ($6604{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) and DT93 ($1938{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), respectively. Across varieties, average total isoflavones concentration was higher in the upland than lowland region (3728 vs. $2980{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). The malonylglucosides and acetylglucosides concentrations in upland soybean varieties were higher than those from the lowland region. Despite the presence of Genotype (G) x Environment (E) interactions, varieties with consistently high (M103) and low (VX9-3, DT93) isoflavone concentrations across environments were identified. This is the first report of isoflavones in Vietnamese soybean varieties, revealing large variation in isoflavones concentration and profile among different varieties and cultivated regions. Results will be useful in selecting high-isoflavones soybean varieties for growth in tropical regions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from $28^{th}$ May to $8^{th}$ October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield ($16.4{\pm}0.7^b$ vs. $19.9{\pm}0.7^atons\;ha^{-1}$), total dry matter yield ($5.38{\pm}0.25^b$ vs. $6.41{\pm}0.31^atons\;ha^{-1}$) and total digestible nutrients yield ($3.94{\pm}0.17^b$ vs. $4.59{\pm}0.21^atons\;ha^{-1}$). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2003

Changes in weight, length, amino acids, organic acids and free sugars of soybean sprouts germinated with extract of Panax ginseng(PGE, 100∼400 ppm) were investigated. PGE increased the weight and length of soybean sprouts. Content of total amino acid in soybean sprout germinated at 100 ppm of PGE after cultivation for 3 days was the most abundant and then decreased by increasing the concentration of PGE. Content of aspartic acid was increased with culture time, but that of glutamic acid was shown to be an opposite trend. Content of total free sugar was increased by increasing culture time and not affected by concentration of PGE. Content of sucrose in control group during growth of soybean sprout was decreased, but sucrose contents in PGE groups were increased to 3 days and decreased thereafter. However, the other sugars were continuously increased for 4 days. Content of total organic acids was the most abundant in soybean sprouts germinated with 200 ppm of PGE and cultured for 3 days. Phytic acid was a major organic acid, showing the range of 45 to 60% for total organic acids. In conclusion, PGE as sprouting water of soybean was effective to increase of growth, contents of amino acids and organic acids in soybean sprouts, indicating that PGE accelerated the quality of soybean sprouts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.850-855
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a exercise program adapted from pelvic muscle exercise, and to analyze the effect of the exercise program on the physical fitness and the physiological parameters including bone density total estrogen and progesterone. The exercise program was composed of warming-up(10 min), main exercise(40 min) and warming-down(10 min). The 20 middle-aged women between 40 and 60 years old were divided into four group; the control group(6 women), the exercise group (7 women), and exercise group with soybean milk supplement(7 women). The exercise group with soybean milk group was applied three times a week and two packs of the soybean milk per day were given. The result of this study were as follows. In the percent fat change of within group, the exercise group showed significant decreased before than after the exercise. In the change of between group, the control group showed significant decreased than the exercise group with soybean milk group. In the body composition change of between group, the exercise group with soybean milk group showed significant decreased in body mass index than the control group. In the total estrogen change of within group, the pelvic muscle exercise with soybean milk group showed the decreased before than after the exercise.