• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1981

The effects of total, protopanaxadiol-and protopanaxatriol-saponins on the in vitro activities of several enzymes in rat serum were observed Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased 61 % by total saponin and 46% by protopanaxatriol-saponin, compared to control group. While SCOT activity was slightly decreased by total saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin, it was slightly increased by Protopanaxadiol-saponin And while SCPT activity was slightly decreased by total saponin, it was increased by protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin. Creatine phosphokinase activity had a tendency to be increased by protopanaxatriol-saponin. Lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased in three saponin treated groups, but those were nonignificant. Compared to the control group, lipase activity was increased by all saponin samples. It was increased 157% by total saponin The increase in lipase activity by total saponin corresponded with the decrease in serum t total lipid by total saponin .

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

In an attempt to elucidate the anti-inflammatory action of ginseng total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol, the anti-inflammatory activity of three compounds was investigated under various acute and chronic inflammatory models. The blood vessel permeability was slightly inhibited by total saponin and protopanaxatriol treatments. Granuloma formation induced by 2% carrageenan was inhibited by total saponin and protopanaxatriol. The cotton-pellet granuloma formation was significantly inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of total saponin. Total saponin and protopanaxadiol inhibited leukocyte emigration and protein exudation in CMC-induced pouch but protopanaxauiol increased leukocyte emigration. The swelling of rat hind paw induced by 1% carrageenan was significantly inhibited by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol both single and 2 weeks treatments. Total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol decreased the anti-inflammatory activity in adrenalectomized rat. Our results suggest that total saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol have potent anti-inflammatory activity, this may be mediated in part through stimulation of adrenal glands.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1981

Total saponin, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin were isolated and purified from the side roots of red ginseng. After we administered them orally into rats during 5 weeks, we observed their effects on lipid and glucose content in rat serum. The change in body weight of protopanaxatriol- saponin treated group was slightly larger than those of other groups. Total lipid content in total saponin treated group showed an increase of about 20 % over that in control group. However, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin treated groups showed no change. While triglyceride content in total saponin treated group decreased 29oyo compared to it s content in control group, its content in protopanaxatriol-saponin treated group increased 45%. Three saponin treated groups showed lower value than control group in total ant free cholesterol levels. While glucose content in total saponin treated group decreased slightly, that in Protopanaxadiol-saponin treated group decreased slightly compared to that in control group. And protopanaxatriol- saponin trented group showed the significant decrease of 25%. From these results, it is supposed that total saponin accelerates the conversion of lipid into glucose and that protopanaxatriol- saponin accelerates the conversion of glucose into lipid.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1992

The present experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the ginseng total saponin on the development of physical dependence on morphine via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) route. Morphine (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/${mu}ell$/hr) was continuously infused via osmotic minipumps into lateral cerebral ventricle of male Sprague Dawley rats for 7 days. Concurrent ginseng total saponin (100, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/10${mu}ell$/hr) was infused intraperitoneally (i.p) via osmotic pumps for 7 days. Treatment with ginseng total saponin (200$\mu\textrm{g}$/10${mu}ell$/hr) significantly diminished jumping, teeth chattering, hypothermia and weight loss precipitated by naloxone, compared with those animals received only morphine infusion. These results suggest that ginseng total saponin has central effect on the inhibition of physical dependence on morphine, as systemic ginseng total saponin inhibits the development of physical dependence in rats infused with morphine intracerebroventricularly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1988

갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질(TSH, DB cAMP, NaF, carbachol, isoproterenol, propranolol)과 인삼성분(total saponin, diol saponin, triol saponin)의 복합처리가 갑상선의 cAMP의 양에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 흰쥐의 갑상선을 4일 또는 7일간 배양한 후 갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질과 인삼성분을 각각 복합처리, 또는 단독처리하여 cAMP의 양을 조사하였다. 인삼성분만을 처리한 경우, total saponin은 $10^{-5}$%(w/v), diol saponin과 triol saponin은 $10^{-4}$%(w/v)의 농도에서 각각 가장 높은 증가를 나타내었다. 갑상선호르몬 분비조절물질과 복합처리한 인삼성분의 농도는 위의 값으로 하였다. 복합처리한 경우, TSH에 대해서는 증가효과를 나타냈지만 그 양상은 작았다. Total saponin은 DBcAMP와 isoproterennol에 대해서는 증가효과를, carbachol과 propranolol에 대해서는 감소효과를 나타내었고, NaF에 대해서는 영향이 크지 않았다. Diol saponin과 triol saponin은 그 양은 다르지만 isoproterenol을 복합처리한 경우를 제외하고 diol saponin은 감소효과를, triol saponin은 증가효과를 보이는 상반작용을 나타내었다. 억제효과를 가지는 propranolol에 대해서도 diol saponin과 triol saponin은 상반되는 효과를 나타내었다. 인삼성분의 정상화작용은 NaF와 carbachol의 경우에도 두드러지게 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 인삼성분이 갑상선호르몬의 생성과 분비에 관여하는 cAMP의 생성에 촉진 또는 억제를 가진다는 것을 나타내고 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.364-372
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ginseng saponin fractions (total saponin, triol saponin. diol saponin) and lipopolysacrharide (LPS) on the tllmoricidal activity of macrophage. The ginseng saponin fractions had little effect on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage (less than 10%). When the ginseng saponin fractions were treated with LPS, the effects of tumoricidal activation of macrophage increased a relatively high percent, and the total saponin and triol saponin (20-35%) were ulore effectual than diol saponin (15-25%). The effects of ginseng saponin and LPS on the tumoricidal activity of macrophage were mediated by the induction of macrophage-release factor(5) which has(have) the capacity of tumor cell killing. And the quantity of the (actors) was(were) increased by the contact of macrophage with tumor cell.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find the effect of improving hyperlipidemia through Platycodi radix saponin. A hypercholoesterol diet and Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract were supplemented to the 6 week old male Spargue Dawley rats for four weeks. Results showed that the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level decreased in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract(p<0.05), however, the serum total lipid and HDL-cholesterol did not show any difference from the control group according to the supplement of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. In the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract, the total cholesterol decreased by 20%, triglyceride by 36% and LDL-cholesterol by 25% respectively, and there was no difference according to the level of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. AI(atherogenic index) and CRF(cardiac risk factor) were low in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and feces were significantly low in the group supplemented with the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract compared with the control group(p<0.05). According to this result, it is expected that the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract supplemented in the hypercholesterol diet can lower atherosclerosis, the cause of cardiovascular disease, by reducing not only serum cholesterol and triglyceride but also liver cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.694-702
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• 1995

Using the Korean red ginseng saponin, which is known to world-wide and thd effects of it have been investigated by many reserachers for years. Ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korea ginseng root, has many various biologic effects, such as cytotoxic effect, tumorcidal activity, protein biosynthesis and membrane modifying effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of ginseng saponin on the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROS cells in culture. After ROS cells were seeded into a 96-well plate, 96-well plate cultured until confluence was obtained. To evaluate cytotoxic effect of total saponin in cultured ROS cells, the plates were added to each total saponin concentration (0-1mg/ml). After 48hr., cells were counted by stain with 0.2% trypan blue at randomly selected field microscopically. Also, to evaluate alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of total saponin in cultured ROS cell, the plate was added to each total saponin concentration (0-1mg/ml) and ALP activity was assayed. To evaluate time-course of ALP activity, $31.25{\mu}g/ml$ of saponin added to 96-well plate. After culture of 6, 12, 24 and 48hr., ALP activity test was performed. To evaluate effect of cycloheximide in ALP activity, 96-well plate was added to saponin and cycloheximide. In control group, the plate was added saponin only. The results were as follows. 1. After the various concentration of total saponin was added in the medium, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin showed cytotoxic effect of ROS(P<0.005). 2. In contrast to control group, 7.6, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5 and $250{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin increased ALP activity significantly. 3. Otherwise, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin decreased ALP activity significantly(P<0.005). 4. As the time span increases, $31.25{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin increased ALP activity. 5. Cycloheximide decreased saponin-indueced ALP actitity in ROS(P<0.005). These results suggest that Ginseng total saponin stimulates the ALP activity of rat osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1988

인삼사포닌 분획물들(total saponin, diol saponin and triol saponin)이 생쥐의 항체생성에 미치는 영향과 면역억제의 회복에 미치는 영향 그리고 혈청총단백질의 생성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아본 결과 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Total saponin은 10mg/kg/day, diol saponin은 10mg/kg/day, triol saponin은 5mg/kg/day로 생쥐에 투여하였을 때 순환성 항체가 가장 많이 생성되는 것으로 나타났다. 2. CY로 면역을 억제시킨 상태에서는 인삼사포닌을 투여하여도 순환성 항체의 생성이 대조군과 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 인삼사포닌은 항체생성과 혈청총단백질의 증가에 서로 다른 농도로 작용을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 1995

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the characteristics of red ginseng total saponin in behavioral changes on ambulation, forced swim test and convulsion in mice. The ambulation and the duration of immobility on forced swim test were not affected by red ginseng total saponin. On the other hand, the duration of immobility inducted by DMI, PGL but not CIP was significantly decreased, and the onset of convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole was significantly shortened by preadministration of red ginseng total saponin. These results suggest that red ginseng total saponin component may play an important role in modulating synergism with drugs acting on depression and convulsion, and that the characteristics of synergetic effect induced by red ginseng total saponin potentate the central norepinephrine neuron activity.