• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1968

This experiment was carried on to investigate the root system of the half bench terracing mulberry field of 170cm wide at slope 1and. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Total root weight per nest in case of p1anting two sapling is from 2.4 to 2.8kg, of which most are over l0mm in diameter, 1-5mm intermediate, and below 1mm and 5-10mm fewest. Total root length. per nest is 177-255 meter except less than 1mm in diameter, of which 1-5mm is longest and over l0mm shortest. 2. From the view of vertical distribution of root, the weight and length of root (90%) are mostly concentrated 20cm below and then 20-40cm from the surface of land. 3. Most roots have grown right and left within 30cm from the mulberry stock. 4. Most roots have grown at 35-70cm block and 70-105cm block from front side of terrace, if further than this, roots have become fewer. Root distribution at front side is more considerable than that at rear side of terrace. 5. There was no significant difference among the mulberry varieties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2023

Mechanical stimulation induce the morphological changes in plants. In this study, we investigated the growth changes of tomato seedlings applicated to mechanical stimulation. The brushing treatment was used for mechanical stimulation. The brushing treatment interval was 2 hr using transfer device attached acrylic film from 10 days after sowing. Growth parameter of tomato seedlings were measured 3-day intervals to investigate the growth changes during brushing treatment. The plant height and leaf area were decreased in brushing treatment than the control, and the fresh and dry weights of shoot didn't have significant difference in the control and brushing treatment. The total root length and root surface area were increased in brushing treatment compared than the control, and root volume has no significant difference in the control and brushing treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that the application of brushing treatment on tomato seedling make shorten plant height and well-development root morphological characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.4
• /
• pp.547-555
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out in order to investigate the germination and the early growth characteristics of Parasenecio firmus. Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Experiment was performed by shading treatment (full sunlight, 35%, 50%, 75%, and 95% shading). Seeds of Parasenecio firmus were surveyed the highest germination rate (61.1%) in full sunlight with WS (overall 25.7~61.1%). Height was surveyed the highest under 95% shading. And root collar diameter was surveyed the highest in full sunlight. Fresh weights (leaf, shoot, root and total) were the highest under 50% shading. Dry weights (leaf, shoot and total) were the highest under 75% shading. It was indicated the lowest leaf, shoot, root and total under 95% shading. Leaf growth (leaf area, leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness) and root growth (total root length, root project area, root surface area, root diameter and root volume) were good under 35%~75% shading, but the lowest under 95% shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, seed of Parasenecio firmus grows well under 50%~75% shading after germination by high sunlight with water soaking (WS).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.2
• /
• pp.178-182
• /
• 2007

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz is a medicinal plant and an endangered tropical rainforest plant species. Since the field cultivation that aims to fulfill the industrial needs is never accomplished, tissue culture appears to be the most feasible way to improve the quality and quantity of R. serpentina. This experiment used two kinds of explants (roots and shoots) to induce optimal root formation in different combinations of auxin and photoperiod. Each explants exhibited different responses on given treatments. Differentiated root could be produced from explants cultured in IBA 20 mg/L with and without light. The highest number of roots, root length and root weight induced from shoot explants were effective on MS medium containing IBA 20 mg/L and incubated under dark condition, while highest total weight (callus and root) from root explants cultured on MS medium supplemented 10 mg/L IBA and 10 mg/L NAA and incubated under day length (11/13 hr). The root induced from shoot explants produced the highest major alkaloid content. The highest content of ajmaline (2.17 ppm fresh weight) and reserpine (1.30 ppm fresh weight) were observed in shoot explants cultured in MS medium containing combination of IBA 10 mg/L and NAA 10 mg/L and incubated under dark condition, yohimbine (1.47 ppm fresh weight) was in the shoot explants cultured in MS medium containing NAA 20 mg/L and incubated under day length, while serpentine was absent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study compared the ability of several techniques to remove calcium hydroxide (CH) from the root canal and determined the influence of CH residues on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator. Materials and Methods: Root canals of 90 human maxillary lateral incisors with confirmed true working length (TWL) were prepared and filled with CH. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the CH removal technique (n = 14): 0.9% saline; 0.9% saline + master apical file (MAF); 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA); 17% EDTA + MAF; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 5.25% NaOCl + MAF. Six teeth were used as negative control. After CH removal, the electronic working length was measured using Root-ZX (Morita Corp.) and compared with TWL to evaluate Root-ZX accuracy. All specimens were sectioned longitudinally, and the area of remaining CH (CH) and total canal area were measured using imaging software. Results: The EDTA + MAF and NaOCl + MAF groups showed better CH removal than other groups (p < 0.05). Root-ZX reliability to prevent overestimated working length to be > 85% within a tolerance of ${\pm}1.0mm$ (p < 0.05). There was strong negative correlation between amount of CH residues and EAL accuracy (r = -0.800 for ${\pm}0.5mm$; r = -0.940 for ${\pm}1.0mm$). Conclusions: The mechanical instrumentation improves the CH removal of irrigation solutions although none of the techniques removed the dressing completely. Residues of CH medication in root canals affected the accuracy of Root-ZX adversely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growth medium in pots composed of upland soil(S), rice straw manure(M), carbonated rice hull(CRH), and their mixture on growth of tobacco cv. NC 82. The growth of shoot and root was vigorous in order of medium S+M+CRH>M>CRH>S. In M+S medium, root growth in the part of manure was superior to upland soil. But root growth of upland soil part in M+S plot was more vigorous than that in upland soil only. It is possibly due to be influenced by manure in M+S plot. Total length and weight of root, number of roots, and especially for development of adventitious root were closely related to shoot growth. Roots grown in upland soil part was brownish gray in color, while the roots in manure part was milky white. The milky white colored roots had longer life than others. It was concluded that root zone environments derived from several media in pots closely related to shoot growth and disease tolerance of tobacco plant.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the roots and roots canals of primary molar teeth using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). A total of 68 CBCT images of children aged 4 - 5 years was used for this study. A total of 160 molar teeth were analyzed. Various parameters such as the number of roots and canals, length of root and root canal, and the angulation and shape of the roots were analyzed. All maxillary primary molars had 3 roots. The presence of 2 root canals in 1 root was only observed in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary primary second molars. Most mandibular primary molars had 2 roots, and most mesial roots had 2 root canals. Concerning the length of the roots, the palatal root of the maxillary primary molar was found to be longest whereas the distobuccal root was shortest. In mandibular primary molars, the mesial root was longer than the distal root. In maxillary primary molars, the palatal root had the greatest angulation whereas the distal root has the greatest in mandibular molars. The root and root canals of maxillary primary molars were more curved in shape whereas mandibular primary molars were straight.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.809-814
• /
• 2004

To investigate the effect of the electrolyzed acidic water for soybean sprouts growth, the responses of characteristics of soybean sprouts were evaluated. Soybean sprouts grown by the electrolyzed acidic water showed shorter length in total body, root, and hypocotyl, etc. but they were evaluated to be increased in hypocotyl diameter and weight per sprout. Total length of soybean sprouts grown for 5 days by electrolyzed acidic water were much shorter than those by tap water. Soybean sprouts grown by tap water showed rapid growth in length even after 5 days but no more growth in length for those grown by electrolyzed acidic water. The growth of hypocotyl showed the same tendency as total length. No difference in root length among the soybean sprouts grown for 4 ~ 11 days by electrolyzed acidic water while those grown by tap water showed continuous rapid growth in length. The diameter of hypocotyl was thicker in those grown by electrolyzed acidic water than those grown by tap water and increased up 5 days. The weight of cotyledon grown by electrolyzed acidic water showed the proportional increase to the growing days but those grown by tap water showed no increase in hypocotyl weight up to 7 days, but a little bit increase after 11 days with the growth of new buds. The fresh weight per sprout was higher in those grown by electrolyzed acidic water until 7 days than tap water but it was the same weight in 11 days cultivation. The electrolyzed acidic water effected on shortening of hypocotyl and root length, thickening of hypocotyl diameter, and enlarging of cotyledon during soybean sprout cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.3
• /
• pp.338-345
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the root structure and the crown structure of Norway spruce(Picea abies [L.] Karst), and thereafter to obtain the regression equation for the estimation of relative root and needle biomass using the tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH) without measurement of root and needle biomass. The study site was Barbis stands of Harz region located in central part of Germany. Five dominant and three co-dominant trees of 30 to 40 year-old Norway spruce were selected and tree height, diameter at breast height, clear bole length, weight of total needle and branch, cross section and sapwood area at breast height for biomass of above ground part and also the length of root, the number of root, the weight of root, the cross section area of root etc. by dividing the horizontal and vertical roots for below ground part of tree were measured. The significantly correlation was shown between the biomass of most of variables of above ground parts and those of below ground parts. For the diameter of breast height to the weight of total root, regression equation was Y = 3.56X - 45.94 and decision coefficient was 0.96 showing highly correlation. The weight of total branches and needles, and the tree height etc. of above ground parts showed highly positive relationship with below ground biomass. The results obtained from this study can be used to the estimating of biomass of below ground using variables of above ground such as DBH in the 30 to 40 year-old Norway spruce stands.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2014

There have not been many studies conducted on the seedling production, especially in plug trays, of traditional medicinal plant species. In an effort to establish guide lines for seedling production, this study investigated the effect of plug cell size on the growth and development of plug seedling of three medicinal plant species. Seeds were sown in either 128, 200, or 288-cell plug trays, containing a commercial medium. Growth and development of individual seedling was generally promoted with increasing size of a plug cell in all of the three species. The greatest biomass of the seedlings gained in a plug tray was obtained in the 288-cell trays in Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo and Sophora tonkinensis, and the 200-cell trays in Angelica gigas Nakai. Overall growth and development of the shoot and root of a single seedling of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, except total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. However, length of the longest root, length, width and area of the leaf, internode length, root fresh weight, and root ball formation in the 200- and 288-cell trays were not significantly different each other. In Sophora tonkinensis, although length of the longest root, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and root ball formation were not significantly different among the treatments, length of the longest root and root ball formation of a single seedling were the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Overall shoot and root growth, except total chlorophyll content, of a single seedling of Angelica gigas Nakai was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Based on the total biomass, it is concluded that 288-cell trays are recommended for production of plug seedlings of medicinal plant species P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and S. tonkinensis. In A. gigas Nakai, it would be more economical to use the 200-cell trays than 128-cell trays due to total biomass.