• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to confirm that regular physical exercise habit and calcium intake play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly to confirm that regular exercise is important in reducing serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group(more than 3 times/wk, more than 30 min per exercise) and non-regular exercise group. A convenient frequency method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height, and blood pressure were measured. There was no significant difference between non-regular exercise group and regular exercise group in energy intake and calcium intake. The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in non-regular exercise group were significantly higher than those in regular exercise group. There were no significant correlations between age or weight with blood lipids and blood pressure in regular exercise group, while there were significant positive correlations between age or weight with blood lipids and blood pressure in non-regular exercise group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure and atherogenic index increased with age in non-regular exercise women. The blood pressure in low total Ca intake/plant Ca intake ratio group was significantly higher than that in high total Ca intake/plant Ca intake ratio group. There was a highly significant positive correlation between Ca intake and HDL-cholesterol in non-regular exercise women. And, there was a highly significant negative correlation between Ca intake and blood pressure in regular exercise women. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended by way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 417∼425, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among calcium intake, blood parameters related with bone metabolism, and serum lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diet. Subjects were consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake measurements and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphates, leucine amino peptidase, BUN, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and lipids were measured by biochemical analyzer and ICP spectrometer. The results were as follows. The mean age of subjects was 22.34 years and weight, height and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The daily mean energy and calcium intakes were 81.75% and 64.38% of RDA. The mean animal 1:2. The mean serum concentrations were 6.54g/dl(total protein), 4.12g/dl(albumin), 123.24U/(alkaline phosphates), 36.59U/l(leucine amino peptidase), 8.26mg/dl(calcium), 3.29mg/dl(inorganic phosphorus), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), and 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol). There were no significant differences among calcium intake, bone metabolism parameters, and serum lipids when analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. More systematic studies are required to investigate the roles of calcium in healthy persons on self-selected diets containing different levels of calcium.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.289-296
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship and lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diets. These subjects consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measure-ments, diet intake measurements, and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of 5 microminerals(As, Cr, Mn, Se, Ni), lipids(triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and glucose were measured by an ICP spectrometer and biochemical analyzer. The results were as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.34 years and the mean weight, height, and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The mean serum concentrations appeared to be 14.60ug/dl(As), 1.87ug/dl(Cr), 0.18ug/dl(Mn), 23.50ug/dl(Se), 0.21ug/dl(Ni), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol) and 88.82mg/dl(glucose). When analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the serum concentration of Cr was negatively correlated with Ca and vitamin B12 intake(p〈0.05, p〈0.05) respectively, Mn was negatively correlated with Na intake(p〈0.05), Ni, however, was positively correlated with K intake(p〈0.05). The serum concentration of Se was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol(p〈0.05), Ni, however, negatively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose, respectively(p〈0.001, p〈0.01, p〈0.05). Further studies are needed to clarify the precise micromineral intakes, nutritional assessment of microminerals, and cause-effect relation of microminerals and serum lipids.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1975

The amount of total lipids nad phospholipids in the rat liver and brain after sodium nitrite treatment was measured together with the composition ratio of phospholipids. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The amount of total lipids and phospholipids was decreased significantly and this decrease was more outstanding in the rat brain liver. 2) The amount of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin was decreased, whereas that of phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol nitrite treatment of 120mg/kg/day concentration brings inhibition of lipid metabolism in the rat liver and brain.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1993

The contents of crude fat were remarkably different according to parts in porcine tissues. The most contents of total lipids in variety tissues were neutral lipid, and the nexts were phospholipid and glycolipid, where these of the most composition in liver were phospholipid and the next neutrallipid and glycolipid. The major component of the nonpolar lipids in fresh was triglyceried(58.09∼74.68%) and phospolipid in the polar lipid were phosphatidyl choline(20.14∼45.17%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(18.5∼30.14%) and the main component in glycolipid acylsterol glyceride(26.10∼45.15%), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1988

Contents of total lipids, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids of seed oils of 16 species of the Labiatae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Lipid contents of seeds were shown to be 40.6％ in Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica, 32.2％ in P. frutescens britton var. acuta, 31.9％ in lsodon japonicus, 32.7% in l. inflexus, 48.3％ in l. serra, 35.1％ in Mosls dianthera, 38.2％ in M. punctulata, 33.4％ in Nepeta cataria, 26.3％ in Agastache rugosa, 30.9％ in Eisholtzia ciliata, 18.9％ in Salvia splendens, 23.9％ in Lycopus maackianus, 49.5％ in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum, 30.9％ in Ametystea caerulea, 33.1％ in Leonurus sibircus and 34.3％ in Scutellaria basicalensis. 2) Contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids from the seed oils amounted to 98.6％, 0.7％, 0.8％ in P. frutescens Britton var. japonica; 95.5％, 1.3％, 3.1％ in P. frutescens Britton var. acuta; 95.1％, 1.8％, 3.1％ in l. japoincus; 91.4％, 3.5％, 5.1％ in l. inflexus; 96.8％, 0.7％, 2.5％ in l, serra; 96.0％, 1.8％, 2.2％ in Mosla dianthera; 94.7％, 2.0％, 3.3％ in M. punctulata; 90.1％, 2.4％, 7.5％ in Nepeta cataria; 90.1％, 3.4％, 6.5％ in Agastache rugosa; 86.3％, 3.3％, 10.4％ in Elsholtzia ciliata; 94.3％, 1.5％, 4.3％ in Salvia splendens; 87.2％, 2.9％, 9.0％ in Lycopus maackianus; 87.0％, 1.5％, 11.5％ in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum; 91.8％, 1.6％, 6.6％; 95.5％, 0.4％, 4.1％ in Leonurus sibricus; 89.0％, 1.4％, 9.6％ in Scutellaria baicalensis. 3) Total lipids revealed the predominace of unsaturated fatty acids (82.0-94.5％) and larger variations were found in the composition of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (0.4-67.9％) and linoleic acid (11.2-82.9％). High level of ${\alpha}-linoenic$ acid was present in P. frutescens Britton var. japonica (67.9％), P. frutescens Britton var, acuta (66.0％), lsodon japonicus (65.2％), l. inflexus (59.0％), l. serra (57.3％), Mosla dianthera (60.9％), Nepeta cataria (58.3％), Agastache rugosa (58.5％) and Elsholtzia ciliata (46.2％), and followed by linoleic acid (11.2-32.1％) and oleic acid (9.3-12.2％). However, linoleic acid was the most predominant component in the total lipids of Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum (62.4％), Ametystea caerules (82.9％), Leonurus sibricus (60.9％) and Scutellaria baicalensis (63.4％), with very small amounts of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (0.4-3.1％). The total lipids of Salvia splendens, Lycopus maackianus and Mosla punctulata also contained linoleic acid of 31.3％, 48.8％ and 53.4％, with a considerable amount of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid of 34.5％ 27.0％ and 16.7％. Palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid in all the oils investigated (4.1-14.2％). 4) Fatty acid profiles of neutral lipids bore a close resemblance to those of total lipids in all the seed oils, but different from those of glycolipids and phospholipids. Fatty acid composition pattern of glycolipids and phospholipids showed a considerably increased level of saturated fatty acids (19.0-66.8％, 17.8-35.2％) mainly composed of palmitic acid and stearic acid, and a noticeable low level of unsaturated fatty acids (41.2-80.9％, 64.7-82.1％) which was ascribed to the decrease in ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid of high ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid seed oils, and in linoleic acid of high linoleic seed oils, compared to that of total lipids and neutral lipids.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.706-714
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• 2006

Object : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation between homocysteine and serum lipids which are known risk factors of stroke. Methods : The subjects were a total of 60 patients divided into a control group (n =30) and a sample group (n =30). The control group was normal homocysteine level without clinical symptoms, and the sample group was high homocysteine level with headache, dizziness, hypertension and so on. clinical symptoms, Each group was measured and compared for serum homocysteine, total cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and high density lipoprotein(HDL). Results : Total cholesterol, TG, and LDL were significantly increased and HDL was significantly decreased in the sample group. which was a high homocysteine level group compared with the control group, which was a normal homocysteine level group. Conclusion : In these results. it was suggested that increase of homocysteine leads to increase of serum total cholesterol, TG, LDL, but causes decrease of HDL. It seemed that risk of stroke is more at high homocysteine level than normal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1071-1084
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the relationships between obese index and major risk factors of cardiovascular disease in CVD patients. Anthropometry, food intake patterns, blood pressure, serum lipids and hematological values were analyzed in 550 patients from June, 1991 to August, 1992. The results are as follows: Total food intakes, especially total vegetable food and alcohol intakes were significantly related with obese index, so that the heavier patients tended to consume more carbohydrate and less fat. The blood pressure were observed to have positive correlation with obese index in man but not in women. However, both in men and women, blood levels of TG, TC, and VLDL tended to be related to obese index positively, while HDL and HDL-C were shown to be oppositive. So, it seems that as the degree of obesity is higher the blood pressure and blood lipids patterns worse. Therefore, these results suggest that obesity is one of the major risk factors of CVD, and for prevention & treatment of the disease, controlling body weight by nutritionally adequate diet along with alcohol restriction is necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1984

This study was done to see effects of feeding a 77% polished or brown rice diet with corn oil, rice bran oil or butter on the lipid metabolism in weanling rats. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Food consumptions, body weight gains and tissue weights were not different among experimental groups. 2) Weights of daily fecal output and daily fecal excretions of total lipids, cholesterols, nitrogen and glucose were higher in brown rice groups than in polished rice groups. 3) Polished rice - rice bran oil group had the highest concentrations of total lipids and cholesterols in serum 4) Polished rice groups tended to have higher serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations than brown rice groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 1976

The present investigation was performed to find the lipid composition of the total lipids, the fatty acid components of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids, and the composition of sterols, from Spisula sachalinensis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1) The main components of the total lipids are phospholipids$(43.1\%)$, triglyceride$(36.2\%) $, and sterol $(10.3\%)$. 2) The phospholipids are mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanols, mine, phosphatidal ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine. 3) The main fatty acids of the neutral lipids, the ethanolamine phospholipids and choline phospholpids, are C20:5, C16:1, C16:0, C20:5, C18:0, C22:6 and C16:0, C20:5, C22:6, respectively. Oleic acid content of all fractions is very small compared with one of gastropoda lipids and fish oil. 4) Most of plasmalogen are present in the ethanolamine phospholipids and only trace of plasmalogen in the choline phospholipids. 5) Sterols to be found are 22-trans-norcholesta-5, 22-diene-$3\beta$-ol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, cholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylenecho-lesterol and $\beta-sitosterol$.