• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Using field observations, this study estimated the total weight and types of marine debris along the coast of Jinu Island in the Nakdong River Estuary after typhoons Usagi and Nari had passed. A numerical wave model was used to calculate the spatial wave height distribution at the time of the typhoons' passage. This study found that the total accumulation rate of marine debris deposited on the coast after the two typhoons had passed was about $5,769.86\;kg/km^2/day$ at this site, which was 14.42 times as high as that in normal weather. The wave height distribution in the sea off Jinu Island, based on numerical modeling, was $4.1{\sim}3.5\;m$, which was 1.0-2.5 times greater than for the case of other islands. Therefore, it is likely that the concentration of wave energy led to the deposition of marine debris.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2004

A waste container, one of the key components of a multi-barrier system in a potential high level radioactive waste (HLW) repository in Korea ensures the mechanical stability against the lithostatic pressure of a deep geologic medium and the swelling pressure of the bentonite buffer. Also, it delays potential release of radionuclides for a certain period of time, before it is corroded by intruding impurities. Even though the material of a waste container is carefully chosen and its manufacturing processes are under quality assurance processes, there is a possibility of initial defects in a waste container during manufacturing. Also, during the deposition of a waste container in a repository, there is a chance of an incident affecting the integrity of a waste container. In this study, the appropriate Features, Events, and Processes(FEP's) to describe these incidents and the associated scenario on radionuclide release from a container to the biosphere are developed. Then the total system performance assessment on the Initial waste Container Failure (ICF) scenario was carried out by the MASCOT-K, one of the probabilistic safety assessment tools KAERI has developed. Results show that for the data set used in this paper, the annual individual dose for the ICF scenario meets the Korean regulation on the post closure radiological safety of a repository.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2004

Polyclonal anti-sera were collected from sheep and chicken immunized with adipocytes plasma membranes. Thirty two male wistar rats, weighing 185-215 grams, were divided randomly into 4 groups (trial 1: control group and treat group, trial 2: control group and treat group), with 8 rats in each group. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. Trial one: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1ml of sheep normal sera. The same 4 day daily dose of group sheep anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane anti-sera was administered to the treat group. The results showed that the treatment for treat group increased body weight by 6.35% (p<0.05) and food intake by 6.85%, and improved food conversion efficiency (Food intake/gain) by 45.00% (p<0.05). Periernal, epididymal and omental adipose deposit weights were decreased by 23.92% (p<0.05), 34.45% (p<0.05) and 0.98% respectively, while total fat content decreased by 20.92%. Trial two: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 ml of chicken normal sera, the results of injections of chicken anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane antis-era administered to the treat group indicated that chicken anti-rats adipocyte plasma membranes immunization had an disadvantageous effect on the growth of the wistar rats by the end of 7th wk, compared with the control group. The immunized group decreased in total weight by 40 gram (p<0.05) an averagely and in food intake noticeably (p<0.01). The deposition of fat and the rates of TG and FFA in serum had no statistical significance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem of significant importance which increases mortality. In place of anti-obesity drugs, natural products are being developed as alternative therapeutic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of Brassica juncea L. leaf extract (BLE) on fat deposition and lipid profiles in high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFC)-induced obese rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to diet: normal diet group (ND), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC with 3% BLE diet group (HFC-A1), and HFC with 5% BLE diet group (HFC-A2). Each group was fed for 6 weeks. Rat body and adipose tissue weights, serum biochemical parameters, and tissue lipid contents were determined. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The HFC-A2 group showed significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency ratio than the HFC group. BLE supplementation caused mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights to decrease. The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in rats fed BLE. These results were related to lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, and to higher expression of the cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and low density lipoprotein-receptor, as well as increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$. Histological analysis of the liver revealed decreased lipid droplets in HFC rats treated with BLE. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of HFC with 3% or 5% BLE inhibited body fat accumulation, improved lipid profiles, and modulated lipogenesis- and cholesterol metabolism-related gene and protein expression.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Using field observations, this study estimated the total weight and types of marine debris along the coast of Jinu Island in the Nakdong River Estuary after typhoons Usagi and Nari had passed. A numerical wave m며el was used to calculate the spatial wave height distribution at the time of the typhoons' passage. This study found that the total accumulation of marine debris deposited on the coast after the two typhoons had passed was about $5,769.86kg/day/km^2$ at this sitε which was 14.42 times more than during normal weather. The wave height distribution in the sea off Jinu Island, based on numerical modeling， was $4.1^{\sim}3.5$ m, which was 1.0-2.5 times greater than for the case of other islands. Therefore, it is likely that the concentration of wave energy led to the deposition of marine debris.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.511-513
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• 2004

Effects of the dietary supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolata root on triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver, breast muscle and bile in male Cobb$\times$Cobb chicks were investigated. The chicks (15-42 days old) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata root. No differences were observed in body weight, feed conversion ratio, gall bladder weight or abdominal fat deposition among the control group and the two treatment groups. Liver weights were higher in chicks fed a 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata diet than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). However, serum levels of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not different among the three groups. Broiler chicks fed either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root showed decreased serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root decreased the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver and breast muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). Biliary cholesterol increased by 15% in chicks fed 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root, suggesting that the biliary excretion of cholesterol had been elevated by dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root can decrease triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver and breast muscle of broilers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

Deposition is one of the important removal mechanisms for the ambient aerosol, and it also leads to adverse environmental and economic impacts. The purpose of this study was to investigate chemical compositions and spatial distributions of fall-out aerosols. A total number of 340 samples were collected at 35 sampling sites in Suwon area from January to November, 1996. Twelve inorganic elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, K, Pb, Sb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, and V) and eight ionic components ($F^-$, Cl, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$) were analyzed by AAS and IC, respectively. The monthly variation showed that the flux of fall-out particles was increased in the spring season(March, April, and May) and decreased from August to October. Arithmetic mean flux of fall-out particles was 176.8 kg/$ extrm{km}^2$/day during the study period. The fluxes of each chemical species were $SO_4^{2-}$ 12.414, $Ca^{2+}$ 7.369, $NO_3^-$ 5.812, $Cl^-$ 3.566, $NH_4^+$ 3.176, Fe 3.107 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$/day, and so on. By using a kriging analysis, spatial distribution pattern of those fluxes was intensively studied. Total fluxes estimated in Suwon city were 8424.72t/y of fall-out particles, 519.27t/y of $SO_4^{2-}$, 336.79t/y of $Ca^{2+}$,267.34 t/y of $NO_3^+$, 155.36t/y of $Cl^-$, 147.79t/y of Fe.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (designed as AX0, AX50, AX75, and AX100). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (18.5 g/fish) for 10 weeks. Growth performance and muscle composition of fish were not affected by dietary astaxanthin levels. Total carotenoid concentration in the muscle of fish fed the AX50 diet was higher than that of fish fed the AX0 diet, but no significant differences were observed between these fish and those fed the AX75 and AX100 diets. Muscle astaxanthin content increased with increased astaxanthin in the diet. Deposition of astaxanthin in the flesh resulted in a decrease in lightness and an increase in redness and yellowness. The fillets from trout fed the AX75 diet had significantly lower lightness than trout fed the AX50 and AX100 diets. Fish fed the AX50 and AX75 diets showed significantly lower catalase activity than those fed the control diet. Total antioxidant status increased significantly in all astaxanthin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in fish fed the AX50 diet compared to fish fed the AX0 diet. These findings suggest that while fillet pigmentation increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin concentration, indices of fish antioxidant capacity may not be affected in a dose dependent manner.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

In general, the investigation for reservoir dredging are conducting a observation on the horizontal position and the depth of water by assembling GPS/Echo Sounder and Total Station/Echo Sounder, and it is computed at a section computation of riverbed, reservoir volume and dredging plan etc. at that times, the detail plane is determinated about soil volume, height for dredging. Planning has a fault that the method of sound detection using the Echo Sounder doesn't check up distribution of reservoir deposit. In this study, the author emphasizes that implementation of dredging with combined Global Positioning System(GPS) and Ground Penetration Radar(GPR) is well-done more than existed GPS/Echo Sounder. the combined equipment can be adapted to computation and dredging reffering to distribution of deposition. First of all, it is executed water tank modelling test through sampling for apply to test area and is estimated the possibility after passed far accuracy verification of equipment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2007

Purpose: Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by presence of multiple, symmetric, nonencapsulated fat masses in face, neck, shoulder and other areas. There has been only a few cases reported in Korea. The main purpose of this research is to examine the Korean patients to see what kinds of special characteristics occurred due to this disease and to decide the proper treatment.Methods: A total of 16 patients were evaluated retrospectively. 5 patients were treated at our hospital. The other patients were reviewed from literature. We analyzed the biological characters of patients, location of fat deposit, morphologic characters of patients, clinical evidence of neuropathy, associated metabolic disorders and treatment modality.Results: All cases were male patient. The mean age of onset was 47.43 years. All patients were moderate to heavy alcoholics. The most common location of fat deposition was posterior neck and abdomen. In neurologic exam of 9 patients, 5 patients showed muscle weakness, tremor, pain and autonomic nerve dysfunction. In metabolic studies of 9 patients, total cholesterol values were higher in 1 patient. A glucose tolerance test was abnormal in 1 patient. In treatment modality, 14 patients were treated with surgical resection, 1 patient was treated with liposuction and surgical excision, 1 patient was treated only with liposuction. Conclusion: To treat MSL patients successfully, we should concentrate not only on the removal of the fatty tissue but also on neurologic abnormities, metabolic disorders and associated diseases.