• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 2016

Menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen production by the ovaries. Furthermore, the risk of developing chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes increases in menopausal women. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Caragana sinica (CS) to affect lipid and glucose metabolism in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model of induced menopause. The animals were divwided randomly into three groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX), and ovariectomized rats treated with 1% water extract of CS (OVX-CS). The OVX-CS treated mice showed a significant decrease in body weight, adipose tissue, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Improved lipid and glucose profiles were also observed, and were attributed to suppression of hepatic lipogenesis and adipokine production and regulation of glucose-regulating enzyme activity. Therefore, these findings indicate a potential use for CS as a functional food for menopause-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2004

This research was designed to investigate the effects of Estromon including FGF271 (Female Growth Factor 271) which was developed as a phytoestrogen for post- and pre-menopausal syndrome (PMS). The oral administration of two capsules of Estromon twice a day for 3 months significantly improved PMS (Post-/Premenopausal Syndrome) about 5 times more than placebo group (OR=5.04, 95% C.1. 1.40-18.14). In the group of 24 patients having taken Estromon, the concentration of alkaline phosphatase asn the bone marker decreased by -9.3${\pm}$9.5 IU/L after 3 months with a statistic significance. Since the concentration of osteocalcin as the other bone marker also decreased in more patients in Estromon group than in placebo group, the bone density might be expected to be improved in long-term treatment. Serum human growth hormone level increased in 17 out of 24 patients. Triglycerides decreased by -8.0${\pm}$40 (mg%) after 1 month and by -4.4${\pm}$36 (mg%) after 3 months in Estomon group while triglycerides increased in both cases in placebo group (p.0.01). Therefore, PMS patients might benefit from Estromon as a phytoestrogen supplement without any serious side effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2010

This study investigated the functional effect by diets of Triticum aestivum sprout (TA) on the levels of blood glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus were induced by STZ intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) into the male Balb/c mice. All mice fed AIN-93 diet for 3 weeks. Mice were divided to 4 groups: normal, diabetic control and two experimental groups (TA 5.0, diet with Triticum aestivum sprout 5.0% w/w; TA 2.5, diet with Triticum aestivum 2.5% w/w). The blood glucose level was decreased by TA intake in diabetic mice in the dose-dependant manner; 21.34% and 35.77% in TA 2.5 and TA 5.0 groups. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratio also were improved by TA intake compared with DM group. The weight gain was increased 1.28 and 1.09 folds in TA 5.0 and TA 2.5 groups, respectively. The weight of organs, including liver and kidney, was reduced but that of spleen and abdominal fat was increased by TA intake. Moreover, TA treatment increased the level of HDL but decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of diabetic mice. The blood of HbA1c also was significantly decreased without changing hematocrit by TA treatment compared with DM group. These results indicate the TA intake has the functional effects attenuating blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.985-991
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effect of obesity-induced oxidative damage on neurogenesis and early protein expression. Obesity was induced I thirty 4-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats through a high fat diet for 15 weeks. After one week of environmental adaptation, the rats were divided into 2 groups: high fat diet sedentary group (HDS, n=15) and high fat diet training group (HDT, n=15). Exercise training was performed 5 times a week for 8 weeks, with mild-intensity treadmill running for weeks 1-4 and moderate-intensity treadmill running for weeks 5-8. After the 8 week training period, we analyzed lipid profiles, serum 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) related to oxidative damage factors, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos, c-jun, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk) in the hippocampus. The results of this study are as follows. There were differences between HDS and HDT in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05). In high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), the HDT was higher than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). In 8-OHdG, the HDT was lower than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). Genetic expressions of c-jun, BDNF and MDA in the HDT were higher than in the HDS after treadmill training in hippocampus (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that 8 weeks of treadmill training can improve imbalanced lipid profiles, reduce oxidative damage, and activate neurogenesis in obese rats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2005

The effects of spirulina-added salad dressing on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in plasma or liver of mice were evaluated Sixteen male ICR mice weighing 20$\pm$2 g were divided into two groups and fed low fat ($5\%$ fat) diet (low fat control: LFC) and low fat control plus dressing diet (LFD) for eight weeks. Body weight, tissue weights of liver, heart and kidney, and the distribution of body fat deposition were not significantly different between two groups. Also, the profile of TG, TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol were similar between two groups. The DNA damage was determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and quantified by measuring tail length (TL). Spirulina salad dressing consumption resulted in significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (LFC: $28.8{\mu}m$, LFD: $20.3{\mu}m$). Additionally, salad dressing consumption for 8 wks decreased the lipid peroxidation assayed by TBARS to $12.6\%$ compared with the control. The levels of antioxidant vitamins such as $\beta$-carotene were significantly higher in plasma of LFD group than those in LFC group based on HPLC method This study shows that spirulina-added salad dressing exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via a free radical levels.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of drinking ion water on the performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical properties of laying hens in a high-temperature environment. A total of 180 laying hens with equal egg production rates were randomly divided into three treatments with five replicates. Treatments were applied from 24 to 27 weeks of age and included the supply of ion water (IW), tap water (TW), and cold water (CW). The results showed that the egg production rate, egg weight, and feed intake of hens were significantly (P<0.01) improved in the IW group compared with those in the TW group but did not differ from those in the CW group. Egg quality parameters such as albumen height, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness were found to be higher in the IW than in the TW group (P<0.05); however, no significant differences were observed in comparison with the CW group. Serum Ca and P concentrations tended to increase (P<0.10) in the IW group, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels were greater (P<0.05) in response to IW than those to TW. This study provides evidence that the supply of IW can relieve the high-temperature stress during the summer. In particular, because the improved effects of the IW were confirmed to be similar to those of CW, it shows potential as a method to manage the drinking water of hens in the summer season along with the supply of CW.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.408-419
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare the relationship between biochemical indices and bone mineral density (BMD) in 50 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into normal and risk groups according to their bone status, as determined by T-scores of the lumbar spine and femur. The average T-score of the lumbar spine was higher (p<0.05) in pre-menopausal women ($0.42{\pm}0.18$) than post-menopausal women ($-0.08{\pm}0.21$). Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, P, and Fe were significantly higher in the risk group than the normal group in pre-menopausal women (p<0.05). Serum levels of total protein, globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin were lower in the risk group than the normal group, whereas the level of estrogen was higher in the normal group than the risk group in post-menopausal women (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, P was positively correlated with Ca (p<0.01), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p<0.05). Further, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was negatively correlated with the vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ and vitamin K (p<0.05). In post- menopausal women, the Ca was positively correlated with vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ (p<0.05) and vitamin K (p<0.01), and P was positively correlated with vitamin K (p<0.01), Ca (p<0.01), and IGF-I (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.05). IGF-I was negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.01) and estrogen (p<0.05), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with vitamin K and estrogen (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, the lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with vitamin K level (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with P level (p<0.05). In post-menopausal women, the femur BMD was positively correlated with estrogen level and negatively correlated with PTH leves (p<0.05). These results suggest that vitamin K and P levels are associated with bone health in pre-menopausal women, and estrogen and PTH levels are associated with bone health in post-menopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1998

Lovastatin is a lipid lowering agent for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and belongs to a new class of pharmacologic compounds called the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors. By competitively inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, lovastatin disrupts the biosynthesis of cholesterol in hepatic and peripheral cells and increases the synthesis of high-density-lipoprotein HDL) receptors. Following oral administration, the lactone ring of lovastatin is hydrolysed to the active inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, lovastatin acid. Lovastatin is known to have poor oral absorption and wide individual variation. In this study, bioequivalence test of two lovastatin formulations, the test drug ($Lovaload^{TM}$, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co.) and the reference drug ($Mevacor^{TM}$, Chung Wae Pharmaceutical Co.) were conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). A total of 18 healthy male volunteers, $31.90\pm3.60$ years old and $72.17\;7.88$ kg of body weight in average, were evaluated in a randomized crossover manner with a 2-week washout period. Concentrations of lovastatin acid in plasma were measured upto 12 hours following a single oral administration of eight tablets (20 mg of lovastatin per tablet) by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 238 nm. The area under the concentration-vs-time curve from 0 to 12 hours $(AUC_{0-12h})$ was calculated by the trapezoidal summation method. The statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences in $AUC_{0-12h),\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the two formulations ($6.72\%,\;1.52\%,\;and\;0.88\$, respectively). The least significant differences between the formulations at $\alpha$=0.05 were less than $20\%\;(11.65\%,\;19.73\%,\;and\;14.81\%\;for\;AUC_{0-12h},\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). The $90\%$ confidence intervals for these parameters were also within $\pm20\%\;(-1.50{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}15.00$, $-12.50{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}15.50,\;and\;-9.64{\leq}{\delta]{\leq}11.40{\leq}\;for\;\;AUC_{0-12h}$ ,$C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). In conclusion, the new generic product $Lovaload^{TM}$ was proven to be bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-131
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• 1998

Understanding average abnormal obese high school students' health awareness and attitude, We analyzed problems affect on this to provide basic data for the school health education in the near future. From March, 1997, covering a month period, We investigated 300 average obese students from each 3 school, both boys and girls, around Taegu area. Followings are the summary. 1) Grouping obesity, 86.6% of boys were abdominal type and 54.0% of girls were lump types. 2) IN physical check-up and serum lipid lab., there were a lot of abnormal students for blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), neutral lipid, the rate of lipid in the body, atherosclerosis index and electrocardiogram (ECG).; Especially, for the rate of Lipid in the body, 100.0% were in the abnormal range. 3) The main reasons of stress were on the physique and grade. Over 50.0% of students get rid of their stress by singing and dancing. 4) 46.7% of boys and 56.0% of girls were satisfied with their desks and 51.3% of boys and 48.0% of girls were satisfied with their chairs.; 70.0% of boys and 78.7% of girls usually felt uncomfortable for their desks and chairs. 5) 100.0% of boys and 98.0% of girls have been educated for obesity.; 53.3% of boys and 50.7% of girls were not interested in whether joining in or not, if ‘Obese school’ is open. 60.7% of boys get information about weight loss from television, while 41.3% of girls get it from all sorts of publications.; Both sexes said eating convenience food is the main reason to be obese. Most frequent disease is high blood pressure.; 30.0% of boys and 31.3% of girls were hypertensives. 6) 84.7% of boys and 78.0% of girls are awake to the seriousness of obesity from their families. 58.7% of boys and 66.0% of girls sometimes have meals with their families. For the boys, 30.0% of them eat fruit and 29.3% eat cookies while 37.3% of girls eat cookies for their snacks. Both 57.3% of boys and 40.0% of girls have a snack once a day and they drink soft drinks frequently. Both 32.0% of boys and 46.7% of girls have midnight meals 1-2times a week. 7) Both 45.3% of boys and 50.0% of girls suddenly gained their weight in the elementary school times. 30.0% of boys exercise 1 hour for a week, while 48.0% of girls don't exercise. For the exercise hour, both 53.3% of boys and 42.0% of girls exercise for 10-30 minutes a time. 59.7% of boys and 82.0% of girls strongly don't trust in the informations on weight loss. Both 74.0% of boys and 75.3% of girls think physical therapy is the most suitable way for obesity care.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is a key regulatory event that modulates insulin signal transduction. We studied the PTPN1 gene with regard to susceptibility to Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related quantitative traits. A total of seven SNPs [g.36171G>A (rs941798), g.58166G>A (rs3787343), g.58208A>G (rs2909270), g.64840C>T (rs754118), g.69560C>G (rs6020612), g.69866G>A (rs718050), and g.69934T>G (rs3787343)] were selected based on frequency (>0.05), linkage disequilibrium (LD) status, and haplotype tagging status. We studied the seven SNPs in 483 unrelated patients with type 2 diabetes (age: $64{\pm}2.8$ years, onset age: $56{\pm}8.1$ years; 206 men, 277 women) and 1138 nondiabetic control subjects (age: $64{\pm}2.9$; 516 men, 622 women). The SNP rs941798 had protective effects against T2DM with an odds ratio of 0.726 (C.I. $0.541{\sim}0.975$) and p-value=0.034, but none of the remaining six SNPs was associated with T2DM. Also, rs941798 was associated with blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, insulin sensitivity. rs941798 also has been associated with T2DM in previous reports of Caucasian-American and Hispanic-American populations. This is the first report that shows an association between PTPN1 and T2DM in the Korean as well as Asian population.