• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

Objective: In search of an ideal method of assisted hatching (AH), we compared the effects of conventional micropipette-AH and laser-AH on the blastocyst formation rate (BFR) and blastocyst cell numbers. Methods: Four-to five-week-old ICR female mice were paired with male mice after superovulation using Pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and hCG. The two-cell embryos were flushed from the oviducts of female mice. The retrieved two-cell embryos underwent one of five AH procedures: single mechanical assisted hatching (sMAH); cross mechanical assisted hatching (cMAH); single laser assisted hatching (sLAH); quarter laser assisted hatching (qLAH); and quarter laser zona thinning assisted hatching (qLZT-AH). After 72 hours incubation, double immunofluorescence staining was performed. Results: Following a 72 hours incubation, a higher hatching BFR was observed in the control, sMAH, cMAH, and sLAH groups, compared to those in the qLAH and qLZT-AH groups (p<0.05). The hatched BFR was significantly higher in the qLAH and qLZT-AH groups than in the others (p<0.05 for each group). The inner cell mass (ICM) was higher in the control and sMAH group (p<0.05). The trophectoderm cell number was higher in the cMAH and qLAH groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that the hatched BFR was higher in groups exposed the the qLAH and qLZT-AH methods compared to groups exposed to other AH methods. In the qLAH group, although the total cell number was significantly higher than in controls, the ICM ratio was significantly lower in than controls.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.118-118
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose on embryonic development of mouse embryos. Two cell embryos were recovered from ICR female mice(3-4weeks) at 46~50 hrs after hCG 5 IU injection (mated just after hCG injection) and cultured in 50 $\mu m$ DMEM droplets supplemented with nothing (control: n=46), glucose 0.5mM (Group A; n=46) or glucose 3.15 mM(Group B; n=46) under mineral oil. All experimental media were supplemented with 20% human follicular fluid. Total blastocyst formation rates was lower (NS) in glucose groups (group A: 52.2% : B. 47.8%) than control group (60.9%). ZiB rates was the highest (P<0.05) in control (47.8%) than those in group A (21.7%) and B (28.3%). ZeB rates were the highest (NS) in group A (30.4%) than those in control (13.0%) and group B (19.6%). Blastocysts, cultured in group B (50.5), had the highest (NS) mean cell number compared with the others (control: 39.2 ; group A: (45.6). The ICM proportion (% ICM of total cells) in blastocysts cultured in group A (20.6%) was the highest (NS) than those of other tested groups (control: 15.2 ; group B: 13.9%). This study shows that a low dose of glucose added to culture medium increases the ICM proportion of blastocysts in mice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of herbal-accupunture with Orostachys japhonicus A.Berger, infusion solution put into Kansu(BL18) of mouse induced by Colon26-L5 human colon cancer cells, which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen and kidney, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD9+ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In acute and sub-acute cytotoxicity experiment, significantly signs were not appeared in all groups. 2. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger Herbal-acupuncture at Kansu(BL18) has antimetastatic effects. 3. The spleen cells proliferation of the experimental groups treated with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. 5. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Above the results revealed that herbal-accupunture with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ulmi Cortex(UC) on the cisplatin-induced cell death. Materials and Methods : I examined several kinds of cell populations such as $CD4^+$ T cells, $CD8^+$ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in spleen. Result : When cisplatin was injected to mice, UC recovered total number of cells in spleen and also the number of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. UC also effected the activation of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells such as $CD25^+$, $CD69^+$ cells. To further investigate the effect of UC on the cisplatin-induced cell death, I examined the death of splenocyte and total T cells. UC inhibited cisplatin-induced cell death. Conclusion : Taken together, my results suggest that UC may be a beneficial oriental medicine for side effects during anti-tumor therapy.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

The testis is an extremely heterogeneous organ, containing numerous compartments types. Morphometric studies were performed of 3 avian species (pigeon, pheasant and chicken) to determine volume density absolute volume, numerical density, total number of serminiferous tubule components, and sperm production, especially those related to the Sertoli cell, and to make comparisons among the species. Volume density of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by point counting method. Testis volume and sperm production were measured by routine techniques. Numerical density (the number of cells per unit volume of testis) of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by morphometry (Floderus method). The volume density of seminiferous tubules per testis was 91.58, 92.18 and 94.21% in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively. The volume density of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon, and Sertoli cell did not produce significant changes in the three species. The absolute volume of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and Sertoli cell showed significant changes in the three species (p<0.05). The average volume of Sertoli cell ranged from 758.34(pheasant) to 1,212.9 ㎛$^3$(chicken) and was not significantoy different in the three species(p>0.05). The number of Sertoli cells per testis showed significant differences in the three species : 34.52 $\times$10(sup)6, 186.82$\times$10(sup)6, 810.62$\times$10(sup)6 in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively(p<0.05). The sperm production was significantly different in the three species : 3,018$\times$10(sup)6, 993.9$\times$10(sup)6, and 8.9$\times$10(sup)6 in chicken, pheasant, and pigeon, respectively(p<0.05). These results suggest that number of Sertoli cells may be more important than Sertoli cell size in explaining the difference in sperm production among the three species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.767-778
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• 2023

The aim of the research is to identify that porcine oocytes can function as recipients for interspecies cloning and have the ability to develop to blastocysts. Furthermore each mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in interspecises cloned embryos was analyzed. For the study, mouse-porcine and porcine-porcine cloned embryos were produced with mouse fetal fibroblasts (MFF) and porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF), respectively, introduced as donor cells into enucleated porcine oocytes. The developmental rate and cell numbers of blastocysts between intraspecies porcine-porcine and interspecies mouse-porcine cloned embryos were compared and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the estimate of mouse and porcine mtDNA copy number in mouse-porcine cloned embryos at different stages.There was no significant difference in the developmental rate or total blastocyst number between mouse-porcine cloned embryos and porcine-porcine cloned embryos (11.1 ± 0.9%, 25 ± 3.5 vs. 10.1 ± 1.2%, 24 ± 6.3). In mouse-porcine reconstructed embryos, the copy numbers of mouse somatic cell-derived mtDNA decreased between the 1-cell and blastocyst stages, whereas the copy number of porcine oocyte-derived mtDNA significantly increased during this period, as assessed by real-time PCR analysis. In our real-time PCR analysis, we improved the standard curve construction-based method to analyze the level of mtDNA between mouse donor cells and porcine oocytes using the copy number of mouse beta-actin DNA as a standard. Our findings suggest that mouse-porcine cloned embryos have the ability to develop to blastocysts in vitro and exhibit mitochondrial heteroplasmy from the 1-cell to blastocyst stages and the mouse-derived mitochondria can be gradually replaced with those of the porcine oocyte in the early developmental stages of mouse-porcine cloned embryos.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1998

These experiment was carried out to investigate the pulmonary lesions and the function of alveolar macrophages in rats exposed to cement dusts. 1. The number of total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL) increased remarkably in 1st month. As time goes by, tend to less and less in numbers. 2. The number of neutrophil and lymphocytes obtaining from the total cell of BAL increased remarkably in first month, but as time goes by, they tended to grow less and less in number. Macrophages decreased gradually after being temporarily augmentation. 3. Histipathologically, the thickening of alveolar walls, alveolar interstitial, and infiltrated macrophages containing cement dusts.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

본 연구는 한우 수정란의 체외생산에 있어서 효율과 품질의 향상을 위해서, 체외성숙 시간에 따른 배지 내의 ammonia 농도를 측정하였고, 체외성숙용 배지의 교환 및 첨가가 배 발생과 배반포의 세포수에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 체외성숙용 배지내의 ammonia 농도는 체외성숙 시간이 길어짐에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 체외성숙용 배지의 첨가에 따른 수정율, 8세포기 및 배반포기 발달율은 각 군간에 유사한 경향이었다. 배반포의 inner cell mass(ICM) 및 총 세포수(TCN)는 비슷한 경향이었으나, trophectoderm(TE) 세포수는 4.5 시간 첨가군이 유의하게 낮았다. 한편 ICM/TCN 비율은 4.5 시간 첨가군이 대조군과 9 시간 첨가군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 체외성숙용 배지의 교환에 따른 수정율은 4.5시간 및 9시간 교환이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, 8세포기 발달율은 비슷한 경향이었다. 한편 배반포기 발달율은 9 시간 교환군이 가장 높았다. 배반포의 ICM 세포수와 ICM/TCN 비율은 9 시간 교환군이 다른 두 처리군에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, TE 및 TCN은 차이가 없었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 소 체외수정란 생산에 있어서 체외성숙용 배지에 첨가하는 혈청과 호르몬의 효과를 검토하기 위하여 제1극체 출현율과 배발달율을 조사하였고, 생산된 배반포의 품질을 평가하기 위하여 세포수를 검토하였다. 1. 체외성숙용 배지에 혈청 및 성선자극호르몬의 첨가에 따른 한우 난포란의 제1극체 출현율은 비슷한 경향이었다. 배반포까지의 발달율은 혈청 및 성선자극호르몬 공동 첨가군(26.0％)이 대조군과 성선자극호르몬 단독 첨가군보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 혈청 및 성선자극호르몬 공동 처리군에서 생산된 배반포의 ICM, TE, 총 세포수가 가장 많았으며, ICM 세포는 혈청 첨가로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 2. 체외성숙용 배지에 혈청의 첨가시기에 따른 한우 난포란의 제1극체 출현율은 체외성숙 18시간 동안의 처리군과 체외성숙 9시간째부터 첨가한 처리군이 미첨가군보다 높았으며, 체 외 성숙 후 9시간까지의 처리군보다는 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 체외성숙용 배지에 혈청의 첨가시기에 따른 한우 난포란의 배발달율은 전군에서 비슷한 수준이었다. 배반포의 TE와 총세포수는 비슷한 경 향이었으나, ICM 세포수는 체외성숙 18시간 동안 처리군이 혈청 미첨가군보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigated the short-term effects of early weaning and protein intake on organ and cell growth, nitrogen metabolism and physiological functions of rats. Five groups of early weaned rats separated from the dam on the 15th day postpartum were each given one five diets consisting of either one of the three levels of casein-low(8%), -normal (16%), and -high(32%), or a normal level (16%) of isolated soy protein(ISP) or egg yolk protein, for 7 days. The normal weaned rats were fed maternal breast milk for three weeks from birth. On the 22nd day postpartum , all the rats were sacrificed . The weight gain of the early weaned rats, especially the ones fed high protein, was observed to be significantly lower than that of the normal weaned rats. By the 15th day, of early weaning and especially in the ISP-fed rats, the total DNA contents of liver and kidney, which may be said to represent an index of cell numbers, significantly decreased, but their fresh and dry weight and protein/DNA ratio, allegedly representing an index of cell size, significantly increased , not affecting the cell number and cell size of brain. There were no differences in total serum protein and albumin concentrations between early and normal weaned rats. In the early weaned rats observed , the serum urea N and $\alpha$-amino N concentrations significantly increased in high protein-fed rats, and decreased in low protein-fed rats. Another observation was that no significant difference was noticed as regards to serum GOT activity, total bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine concentration, which may represent indices of liver and kidney functions, among rat groups, GPT activity was an exception . These results suggest that premature weaning and the quality and quantity of dietary protein significantly affect organ and cell growth and nitrogen metabolism but does not seriously affect physiological functions in the neonatal development of rats.