• Title/Summary/Keyword: total body water

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The Effect of Natural Mate Tea Extract on the Body Weight and Biochemical Biomarker in High Fat Diet-Obese(ob/ob) Mice (천연마테차 물추출물의 고지방식이 비만쥐의 체중과 생화학적 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Tae;Hwang, Cho-Won;Kim, Young-Kyoon
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we investigated the anti-obese activity of sevennight extract in high fat diet-ob/ob C57BL/6J mice by oral administered for 1 weeks. Mate water extract (MATEWi) was found to lower whole body and epididymal adipose tissue weights and lowered plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), HDL and LDL, compared to those in high fat fed ob/ob group. These results suggest that Mate extract ameliorates obesity through activation of lipogenic enzymes and FA oxidation resulting from phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-$3{\beta}$, and could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for obese mices.

Density and Water Absorption Properties of Matrix Mixing with Powdered Active Carbon according to Binder Type (결합재 종류에 따른 분말활성탄소를 혼입한 경화체의 밀도 및 흡수율 특성)

  • Pyeon, Su-Jeong;Kim, Won-Jong;Lee, Sang-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2017.11a
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    • pp.111-112
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    • 2017
  • Radon has been considered the greatest source of exposure within the total radiation exposure of the human body. xposure from radon, which exists in indoor air quality, lacks public perception, Radon, which exists anywhere on earth, is not regarded as a state of attention even if it is above the average level. Indoor radon exposure situations are not intentionally introduced, and essentially the attention and responsibilities of radon exposures are assumed to be in indoor occupants. So, these are caused by common uranium and thorium scattering on Earth, and are brought into the building by fine cracks or exposed indicators of the buildings. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the risk of radon rays and reduce radon, which induces diseases caused by breathing in the body of indoor air pollutants and emitting diseases by emitting alpha rays from the radon gas.

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Choline intake and its dietary reference values in Korea and other countries: a review

  • Shim, Eugene;Park, Eunju
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.16 no.sup1
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2022
  • Choline is a water-soluble organic compound that is important for the normal functioning of the body. It is an essential dietary component as de novo synthesis by the human body is insufficient. Since the United States set the Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline as dietary reference values in 1998, Australia, China, and the European Union have also established the choline AIs. Although choline is clearly essential to life, the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) has not established the values because very few studies have been done on choline intake in Koreans. Since choline intake levels differ by race and country, human studies on Koreans are essential to set KDRIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to provide basic data for developing choline KDRIs in the future by analyzing data on choline intake in Koreans to date and reference values of choline intake and dietary choline intake status by country and race.

Protective Effects of Angelicae gigantis Radix Extract on Hepatic Injury Induced by Toxic Drugs in Rats (한국당귀(Angelicae gigantis Radix) 엑스가 흰쥐의 약물성 간장해에 대한 보호 효과)

  • Oh, Hyung-Soo;Lim, Jong-Hoon;Chung, Myung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.402-412
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    • 1998
  • This study was attempted to investigate the effect of 'Angelicae gigantis Radix extract (AG.EX.)' and 'Angelicae acutilobae Radix extract (AA.EX.)' on the activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase (A1.P), the contents of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$ and D-galactosamine intoxicated rats, and the weight change ratio of body, liver and spleen in $CCl_4-intoxicated-rats$ by administering the extract of 300 and 500 mg/kg P.O.. Significant test was performed by comparision with the biochemical values between intoxicated-control group and extract-administered group. The activities of s-GOT, s-GPT and the contents of total cholesterol elevated by $CCl_4-intoxication$ were significantly decreased in all dose (300, 500 mg/kg) of Angelicae gigantis Radix-water extract (AG.WEX.) and alcohol extract (AG.AEX), and Angelica acutilobae Radix-water extract (AA.WEX.) and alcohol extract (AA.AEX.), respectively, as compared with the control group. And administered group of 300 mg/kg showed more significant decreasing effect than 500 mg/kg, and more significantly decreased in water extract of AG.EX. and ethanol extract of AA.EX. But in the activities of s-A1.P. inhibition effect were significantly decreased only in a dose of 300 mg/kg of AA.WEX. and AA.AEX. The activities of s-GOT and s-GPT elevated by D-galactosamine were not decreased in all samples, as compared to intoxicated-control group. But the activities of s-Al.p was significantly decreased as compared with control groups, in all samples and administration of 300 mg/kg was more significantly decreased than 500 mg/kg. The contents of total cholesterol remarkably decreased than the normal groups by D-galactosamine intoxication was not recovered in all samples. The increasing rate of the body weight increased by $CCl_4-intoxication$ were not decreased than the $CCl_4-control$ group in all sample groups. The increasing rate of liver weight increased by $CCl_4-intoxication$ were significantly decreased in 300 mg/kg of AA.AEX.AG.WEX. and AA.WEX., respectively, as compared with $CCl_4-control$ group.

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Effect of Water Temperature and Body Weight on Oxygen Consumption Rate of Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus (강도다리 Platichthys stellatus의 산소 소비율에 미치는 수온과 체중의 영향)

  • Oh, Sung-Yong;Jang, Yo-Soon;Noh, Choong Hwan;Choi, Hee Jung;Myoung, Jung-Goo;Kim, Chong-Kwan
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2009
  • The effect of water temperature (T) and body weight (W) on oxygen consumption of fasted starry flounder Platichthys stellatus was investigated in order to assess the metabolic response of this species at given conditions. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured under six different water temperatures (4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and $19^{\circ}C$) and at two different body weights (mean weight of fry group : 1.5 g; fingerling group : 37.4 g) at an interval of 5 minutes for 24 hours using a continuous flow-through respirometer. In each treatment three replicates were set up and a total 540 fish in fry groups and 90 fish in fingerling groups were used. The OCRs increased with increase of water temperature in both groups (p<0.001). Mean OCRs at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and $19^{\circ}C$ were 1386.0, 1601.7, 1741.0, 1799.2, 2239.1 and $2520.3mg\;O_2\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ in fry groups, and 83.8, 111.4, 126.3, 147.1, 187.7 and $221.3mg\;O_2\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ in fingerling groups, respectively. The OCRs decreased with increasing body weights at six different water temperatures (p<0.001). The relationship between water temperature and body weight is described by the following equation : OCR=1520.91+40.85T-49.22W ($r^2=0.95$, p<0.001). The energy loss by metabolic response increased with an increase in water temperature and a decrease in body weight (p<0.001). Mean energy loss rates by oxygen consumption at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and $19^{\circ}C$ were 907.9, 1046.5, 1141.6, 1177.0, 1467.3 and $1650.1kJ\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ in fry groups and 54.8, 73.0, 82.9, 96.2, 122.9 and $144.6kJ\;kg\;fish^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ in fingerling groups, respectively. The $Q_{10}$ values of fingerling groups were higher than those of fry groups at given temperature ranges. The $Q_{10}$ values at $4{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, $7{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, $10{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, $13{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ and $16{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ were 1.62, 1.32, 1.12, 2.07 and 1.48 in fry groups, and 2.59, 1.52, 1.67, 2.25 and 1.73 in fingerling groups, respectively.

Effects of Feeding Rate and Water Temperature on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf 1880)

  • Mizanur, Rahman Md.;Yun, Hyeonho;Moniruzzaman, M.;Ferreira, F.;Kim, Kang-Woong;Bai, Sungchul C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.690-699
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    • 2014
  • Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding rate and water temperature on growth and body composition of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli rearing at 3 different water temperatures. A total of 270 fish (each experiment) individual body weight (BW) averaging $16{\pm}0.3g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed a commercial diet for 4 wk at $16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$. At each temperature, triplicate tanks were assigned to one of 6 feeding rates: 1.5%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3.1%, 3.4%, and satiation (3.7% BW/d) at $16^{\circ}C$, 1.9%, 2.9%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.8% and satiation (4.1% BW/d) at $20^{\circ}C$ and 1.7%, 2.7%, 3.0%, 3.3%, 3.6%, and satiation (3.9% BW/d) at $24^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Weight gains of fish in satiation and 3.4% groups at $16^{\circ}C$, in satiation and 3.8% groups at $20^{\circ}C$ and in satiation and 3.6% groups at $24^{\circ}C$ were significantly higher than those of fish in the other treatments (p<0.05). A broken line regression analysis of weight gain indicated that optimum feeding rates of juvenile Korean rockfish were 3.41% at $16^{\circ}C$, 3.75% at $20^{\circ}C$ and 3.34% at $24^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Results of the present study indicate that the optimum feeding rate could be >3.1% but <3.41% at $16^{\circ}C$, >3.5% but <3.75% at $20^{\circ}C$ and >3.0% but <3.34% at $24^{\circ}C$. As we expected results suggest that fish performed better at $20^{\circ}C$ than $16^{\circ}C$ or $24^{\circ}C$ water temperature and the optimum feeding rate could be 3.1% BW/d to 3.7% BW/d in 16 g of juvenile Korean rockfish.

Vertical Variations of Water Environments and Phytoplankton Community during the 2009 Autumn in the Coast of Dokdo, Korea (2009년 추계 독도연안의 수환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 수심별 변화)

  • Kim, Yun-Sam;Park, Kyung-Woo;Park, Jung-Won;Jeune, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Mi-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.202-211
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    • 2010
  • The variations of physico-chemical factors and the species compositions of phytoplanktons were investigated to analyze the marine ecosystem at the depths during summer in the coast of Dokdo (stations DOK 1-3). The mean values of conductivity (48.9 mS $cm^{-1}$), salinity (32.9 psu) and total suspended solids (57.9 mg $L^{-1}$) were the highest in DOK 1. The biomass (Chl-a) of phytoplanktons was the highest in the surface of DOK 1 (2.61 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$). By the means of physicochemical factors (salinity, turbidity, Chl-a, TN, TP and Si), the water estimated in the coast of Dokdo was more eutrophicated than that in 2008. The phytoplanktons were a total of 42 species in Dokdo, which were composed of 33 species (78.6%) for Bacillariophyceae and 9 species (21.4%) for Dinophyceae. The standing crops of phytoplanktons were the highest ($18{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) in the surface of DOK 2 and in the surface of DOK 3, while they were the lowest ($2{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) at depth of 40 m of DOK1 and at depth of 30 m of DOK 3. The dominant species of phytoplanktons were Chaetoceros castracanei ($6{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) in the surface, Rhizosolenia alata f. gracillima ($3{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) at depth of 20 m and Protocentrum compressum ($4{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) at the depth of 30 m of DOK 1. At the surface of DOK 2, the dominant species was Bacillaria paxillifer ($6{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$), while it was Hemiaulus indicus ($12{\times}10^3$ cells $L^{-1}$) at the surface of DOK 3. The DOK 1, which is affected by upwelling, whirlpool and circulation due to the East Korean Warm Current, was the most eutrophicated water body among three stations. The monitoring of marine ecosystem in the coast of Dokdo should be continued to propose the alternatives for water quality and species conservation and to purify the eutrophicated water body due to artificial pollutants as well as natural effectors by the global warming, the climatic change, etc.

Effects of ᴅ-allulose on body fat accumulation in rats fed severely carbohydrate-restricted diets containing beef tallow or soybean oil

  • Tatsuhiro Matsuo;Shunsuke Higaki;Reiko Inai;Susumu Mochizuki;Akihide Yoshihara;Kazuya Akimitsu
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.57 no.2
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    • pp.185-195
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: The carbohydrate-restricted diet has been recognized to be effective into preventing and alleviating lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rare sugar ᴅ-allulose is a functional monosaccharide with anti-obesity effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose on body fat accumulation in rats fed severely carbohydrate-restricted diets containing high concentrations of different fats, beef tallow, or soybean oil. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 35, 3-week-old) were divided into 5 groups: One chow-fed control (C) group, and four carbohydrate-restricted groups, namely, beef tallow (B), beef tallow + ᴅ-allulose (BA), soybean oil (S), and soybean oil + ᴅ-allulose (SA), with free access to the diet and water for 8 weeks. The B and BA diets contained 23% beef tallow and 2% soybean oil, whereas the S and SA diets contained 25% soybean oil. Furthermore, the BA and SA diets contained 5% ᴅ-allulose. Results: The final body weight, weight gain, and food intake were significantly higher, and food efficiency was significantly lower in the control group compared to the other carbohydrate-restricted groups. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue, carcass fat, and total body fat weights were not influenced by dietary fat type or ᴅ-allulose supplementation, except for the epididymal adipose tissue weight. In contrast, carbohydrate restriction suppressed body weight gain in rats, but remarkably increased body fat accumulation. Conclusion: Under carbohydrate-restricted conditions, no anti-obesity effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose were observed, regardless of the dietary fat type. The causes of these effects are unknown. However, they may be influenced by a very low carbohydrate and high protein diet. Further research is required to elucidate the effects of ᴅ-allulose under various nutrient compositions with different fat, carbohydrate, and protein energy ratios.

Survey on Encysted Cereariae of Trematodes from Fresh-water Fishes in Mangyeong Riverside Area (만경강 유역 수계의 담수어에 기생하는 흡충류 피낭유충 조사)

  • 이재구;이호일백병걸김평길
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 1983
  • In order to clarify infestation Pattern for the encysted larvae of digenetic trematodes from fresh-water fishes, this survey was carried out from March to September, 1983. A total of 380 fishes of 32 species wore collected with netting at the three reaches, upper, middle and lower in Mangyeong riverside area. After the fishes were dissected into small scraps, they were pressed under cover glass and examined-for the presence of those of digenetic trematodes with a microscope. The resillts obtailled were as follows; Out of a total of 380 knishes inspected, 320 fishes(84%) from 31 species were found positive with, digenetic trematode metacercariae; more than 10 species of the metacercariae Ivere detected in Pseuderasbora parva; .Gnnthepegen mtajimae, Microphysogokio yaluensis, Cultriculus eigenmanni and Gnnthopogon coreanus (more than 8 species) ; Aphyocypris chinensis (8 species) and etc. respectively. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were found positive from 93 fishes (25%) from 12 species and detection rates in other species of digenetic trematode metacercariae from various fishes were; Exorchis oviformis, 261 fisles (57%) from 28 species; Cyathocotyle criensalis, 47 fishcs (12%) from 12 species; Metorchis orientalis, 21 fishes (6%) from 12 species; Metagonimus yokogawai, 164 fishes (43%) from 26 species; Pseudesorchis major, 71 fishes (19%) from 18 species; Metacercaria haiegawai, 77 fishes (20%) from 25 species; Centrocestus armatus, 24 fishes (6%) from 7 species; Echinochasmus japonicus, 2 fishes (0.5%) from 2 species, and unidentified species, 34 fishes (9%) from 15 species respectively. The sums of average number of the encysted larvae of all species found in fish body/gram showed 83 in P.parva, Cobitis taenia (74.2), A. chinensis (28.5), Pseudoperilampus uyekii (26.6), G. majimae (19.6) and etc. respectively and the average peak number of each metacercaria in fish body/gram showed 21.7 C. sinensis, 245. ovifcrmis, 15, 3 M, crientalis and 6.1 5. japonicus in P. parva. 42.7 C. orientalis and 25.1 M. yohogawai in C. taenia; 8.3 C. armatus and 8.3 M. hasegawai in P. uyekii. 6.3 P. major in Carassius carassius, and 2.9 unidentified species in G, niajimae respectively.

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Effects of Yongohkgo on Growth and Learning Ability in Growth Deficiency Rat With Linsufficient Nutrition Diet (영양소 결핍으로 유도한 성장장애 흰쥐에서 용옥고(龍玉膏)가 성장 및 학습효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Kong, In-Pyeo;Cha, Yun-Yeop
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.624-629
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    • 2008
  • Effects of Kyungohkgo Ga Nokyong(Yongohkgo) on growth development and learning ability were investigated growth and intellectual impairment rat with insufficient nutrition diet. We divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were Normal group, Growth deficiency rat with insufficient nutrition diet group, Growth deficiency rat with 0.1% Yongohkgo group and 0.2% Yongohkgo group. They were administered for 5 weeks. We measured body weight, and morris water maze test in escape distance, escape time and escape speed, serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone, RBC, concentration of Hb and PCV ratio, total WBC and its composition, the values of GOT and GPT activities. The results are as follows that Yongohkgo 0.1%, 0.2% groups were showed significantly different than control groups in body weight and the counts of RBC. In the morris water maze test, in escape distance and escape time, in concentration of Hb and PCV ratio, 0.2% Yongohkgo group were significantly different than control groups. Serum growth hormone, insulin- like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone showed a tendency to increase in Yongohkgo groups. The counts of total WBC and its composition, GOT, GPT activities showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. These results suggested that Yongohkgo have an effect of promoting growth and learning ability of rats and might be effect to treat various kinds of growth and learning ability delay in children.