• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.28.1-28.27
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• 2014

Linderae Radix, the dry roots of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. The total alkaloids are believed to be the active components responsible for anti-inflammation of Linderae Radix. Here, the total alkaloids of Linderae Radix were extracted and isolated, including 12 isoquinoline alkaloids and 1 furan sesquiterpene. Within the alkaloids, norisoboldine, boldine, linderaline, isoboldine, reticuline, N-methyllaurotetanine, norjuziphine were found to be the major ingredients. In lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, application of Linderae Radix extract, or total alkaloids, suppressed the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and interleukin-6. Out of the 12 alkaloids, norisoboldine, boldine, and isoboldine were tested in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages, and norisoboldine was the strongest alkaloid in suppressing the cytokine expressions. The current studies suggested that the identification of alkaloids from Linderae Radix could provide a plausible explanation for herbal therapeutic functions.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 2003

Natural benzo[c]phenanthridine and protoberberine alkaloids which have been attractive to synthetic organic chemists and biochemists over the last 2 decades since such compounds have shown interesting biological properties such as antitumor, antiviral and antimicrobacterial activities. For the systematic research on these alkaloids, several total syntheses of these alkaloids have been reported. However, the bulk of reported benzo[c]phenanthridine synthetic studies to date have involved multistep sequences for assembly of the target molecules as well as lack of generality for synthesizing substituted molecules. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

The effect of nitrogen source on cell growth and benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production by modifying $NO_3\;^-:NH_4\;^+$ ratio in cell suspension culture of Eschscholtzia califarnica was investigated. When total nitrogen concentration is maintained (60 mM), maximum benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production is about 60.72 mg/L at 50:10 (mol/mol). This productivity was 3.8 times higher than that obtained when cells were grown instandard MS medium. The decrease of $NO_3\;^-:NH_4\;^+$ ratio at 60 mM of total nitrogen caused the decline of both growth and benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production. Under the same concentration of $N0_3\;^-$ (50 mM), higher concentration of $NH_4\;^+$ inhibited cell growth strongly but induced alkaloids production slightly. Also, under the same concentration of $NH_4\;^+$ (25 mM), higher concentration of $N0_3\;^-$ induced alkaloids production strongly but high concentration of $N0_3\;^-$ (${\geq}$100 mM) interfered alkaloids instead. Maximum benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids production is about 62.71 mg/L at 50:25 (mol/mol). These results suggest that higher biomass and higher alkaloids production could be obtained by optimizing each nitrogen concentration as well as $NO_3\;^-:NH_4\;^+$ ratio in the culture medium. Nitrate and ammonium in culture medium have distinct role in the regulation of growth and alkaloids production; ammonium had a strong influence on growth while nitrate had an influence on alkaloids production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar content in flue-cured tobacco. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of calibration curve for standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For the calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier’s catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the calibration curve of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, the volume measurement of 1$m\ell$, and the purity of nicotine reference material in the preparation of standard solution. The uncertainty in the addition of extracting solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 100$m\ell$, and the determination of water content of tobacco contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of total alkaloids and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco at 95% level of confidence was $\pm$0.12% and $\pm$0.54%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1973

Korean ergot sclerotia which were collected from Agropyron semicostatum $N_{EES}$, Miscanthus sinensis $A_NDERS$ var. purpurascens $R_{END}$, M. sacchariflorus $B_{ENTH}$. et HOOK,. M. sinensis $A_{NDERS}$., Eulalia speciosa $O.{\;}K_{UNTZ}$, Themeda triandra $F_{ORSK}$. var. japonica $M_{AKINO}$, and Phalaris arundinacea L. were investigated for their alkaloid constituents. Quantitative determinations of alkaloids were carried out using a modified procedure of van $U_{RK}$ and $M_{ICHELON}-K_{ELLEHER}$ methods. The results showed that the two ergots from Agropyron semicostatum and Phalaris arundinacea contained total alkaloids up to 0.137 per cent. The alkaloids of these two ergots are mostly water-insoluble alkaloids. The ergots parasitizing Reed Canary grass was found to contain both water-soluble and water-insoluble alkaloids. The TLC and PPC tests for the ergot alkaloids from Agropyron semicostatum and Phalaris arundinacea revealed that they contain at least two alkaloids, respectively, and that the ergot from Themeda triandra $F_{ORSK}$. var. japonica has one. The lipid contents of the seven ergots ranged from 13 to 29 per cent.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.85-88
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• 1968

To select sclerotia to be used for strain isolation, water-soluble and water-insoluble alkaloids contents of the sclerotia of ergot fungus were determined. The sclerotia parasitic on the genus Elymus were found to contain greater amount of the alkaloids, up to 1.44%, than the sclerotia from the genus Agropyron. The major portion of the total alkaloid contents was the water-insoluble alkaloids. No correlation was found between the alkaloid contents and the lipid contents of the sclerotia analyzed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 1987

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and methods of its application on maturity of leaves, total nitrogen and total alkaloids concentration in burley tobacco leaves. Nitrogen rate ranged from 17.5 to 40.5kg/10a and applied through basic fertilization and sidedressing. The filling capacity of cured leaves was decreased with increasing levels of nitrogen fertilizer. As the rate of nitrogen fertilization was increased or sidedressing, the maturity of leaves was delayed and total alkaloids and total nitrogen concentration were increased. Total alkaloids concentration in leaves was gradually increased, especially more in upper leaves from 60 to no days after tratnsplanting, but total nitrogen concentration was decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.761-769
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• 2013

This study used HPLC to analyze the contents of catechins, alkaloids, theanine, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of commercial Hadong green tea leaves(Uzen, Sezak, Jungzak, Daezak). The content of catechins, alkaloids, theanine, total phenolic compounds were lower by water extracts than by 80% ethanol-water extracts. Total catechin and alkaloid contents in Uzen(172.33 mg/g, 30.80 mg/g) by 80% ethanol extract were the highest. Theanine contents of 80% ethanol-water extracts ranged form 55.36 to 37.48 mg/g of tea leaves. Total phenloic compounds contents of green tea were higher than Uzen. Antioxidative of green tea by DPPH, FTC, TBA method were higher than that Uzen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 1982

Six flue- cured cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L., 15 possible $F_1$ hybrids and $F_2$ Populations among them, and 15 haploid Populations from Fl hybrids and haploids from Parents, were evaluated. Comparisons of the $F_1$, hybrids and $F_2$ Populations with the Parents indicated that heterosis values were small but significant for yield, plant height, days to flower, leaf length and width and total alkaloids from-6.0% to 5.4% in $F_1$ hybrids, and from -3.4% to 3.6% for Plant height days to flower leaves per plant in $F_2$ populations, respectively. There were positive correlations for yield, plant height, days to flower, leaves per plant and total alkaloids between diploid and haploid populations. Increase or decrease ratio of haploids to diploids of total alkaloids was appeared to 30.3%. Those for yield, leaf length and width, value arid reducing sugar were ranged from -4.1% to -27.6%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of the ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (Coptidis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber and Trichosanthis Semen) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids, which is one of the components of Sohamhyoongtang. Crude ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (ESHHT) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids (CRTA) were used for this experiment. Five different types of H. pylori (including H. pylori 26695) were used as test strain. To determine anti-helicobacter activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The effect of ESHHT and CRTA on the gene expression of H. pylori was investigated by quantitative realtime-PCR (qRT-PCR). MICs of ESHHT against five H. pylori strains were $250{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ and MICs of CRTA against five H. pylori strains were $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/ml$. Four representative virulence genes of H. pylori, cagA, ureA, ureB and ureI were tested as target genes for qRT-PCR. According to the qRT-PCR results, both ESHHT and CRTA markedly repressed the expression of cagA gene of H. pylori 26695 (6.91 and 20 folds respecively). These results showed that the ESHHT and CRTA demonstrated antihelicobacter properties, suggesting their potential use in gastritis or duodenal ulcer.