• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2006

볶음처리한 새송이버섯의 마이크로웨이브 추출조건, 즉 에탄올 농도, 추출시간 및 마이크로웨이브 power에 따른 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 총 페놀성 화합물 함량, 전자공여능 및 pH 1.2에서의 아질산염소거능은 50% 에탄올로 추출한 경우 높게 나타났다. SOD 유사활성은 75% 에탄을 농도로 추출하였을때 가장 높은 활성을 나타났다. 가용성 고형분 및 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 추출시간이 증가할수록 증가하다가 7분일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, 전자공여능은 추출시간이 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, SOD유사활성 및 아질산염소거능의 경우추출시간에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마이크로웨이브 power 의 경우 100 W로 추출하였을 때 가용성 고형분, 총 페놀성화합물 함량 및 전자공여능 가장 높게 나타났다. SOD 유사 활성은 25 W일 때 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 아질산염 소거능은 마이크로웨이브 power에 영향을 많이 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2010

Purpose: This study compared the total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the saliva of periodontally compromised patients before and after scaling and root planing (SRP) to assess their diagnostic utility. Methods: Severe chronic periodontitis patient (test group) and subjects with no attachment loss, sites showing a 3 mm or more probing depth and a sulcus bleeding index < 10% (control group) were enrolled in this study. Saliva sampling and clinical examination were performed at one week, one month and 3 months after SRP. The TAS and SOD activity in each patient's saliva was measured for the comparative analysis between the groups. Results: In the test group, the TAS decreased directly after SRP. With time, it increased slightly and was relatively unchanged compared to the baseline. In the control group, the TAS also decreased immediately after SRP but increased gradually with time until 3 months. The SOD activity in the test and control subjects decreased immediately after SRP until 1 month. At 3 months, the SOD activity had increased. Both groups had a similar profile of SOD activity. However, the SOD activity of the control group was significantly higher than that of the test group at each point in time (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a significant difference in the total salivary antioxidant level between the periodontitis and healthy or gingivitis (control) group during the experiment period. The total antioxidant level in the saliva was higher in the patients with severe chronic periodontitis than the healthy or gingivitis control before SRP. The SOD activity of the periodontitis patients was lower than the control at each time point. These findings conclusively reveal the possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for periodontal health.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2004

한국에 분포하고 있는 82종의 약용식물에 대하여 환경내성 및 기능성 소재의 개발을 위한 탐색을 위하여 항산화효소와 관련된 첫 번째 방어기작인 SOD 효소활성과 Phenol 화합물의 함량정도를 검정하여 본 결과 SOD 효소활성은 원지 (P. tenuifolia Willd.), 백편두 (D. lablab L.), 백개자 (S. alba L.), 대황 (R. palmatum L.), 감초 (G. uralensis Fisch), 연자육 (N. nucifera Gaertn), 지황 [R. glutinosa (Gaertner) Liboshitz], 현삼 (S. buergeriana Miq.), 인진 (A. capillaris Thb.)등에서 다른 약용작물보다 비교적 높은 SOD 효소 활성 능력을 나타냈다. Total phenol함량은 $(3{\sim}249.731\;{\mu}g/g)$의 범위를 보였으며 지유(S. officinalis L.), 대황 (R. palmatum L.), 복분자 (R. chingii Hu)에서 각각 $249.731\;{\mu}g/g,\;209.546\;{\mu}g/g,\;170.333\;{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 16종의 phenol 화합물의 경우에서는 82종의 약용식물이 각기 매우 상이한 농도의 분포를 나타내었다. 앞으로의 연구에서는, 항산화 효소 및 phenol 화합물이 많이 함유하여 우수한 기능성을 가지고 있는 것을 확인된 약용식물에 대해 그들의 이용성을 증대시킬 수 있는 구체적인 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 phenol성 물질을 많이 함유하는 약용식물 추출물을 이용한 기능성 식품, 화장품, 천연 보존재 및 의약품 등으로 개발 (Cook & Samman, 1996)할 수 있을 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제81권2호
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• pp.164-176
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• 1992

조경수목(造景樹木)들의 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)들에 대한 감수성(感受性) 및 저항성(抵抗性)을 규명하기 위해서 야외조사(野外調査)와 실내실험(室內實驗)을 통하여 엽내(棄內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 함량(含量)을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하였다. 전(全) 수종(樹種)에서 엽내(棄內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 SOD 활성간(活性間)에 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. 식물체(植物體)가 오염물질(汚染物質)에 대하여 자체방어(自體防禦)를 위하여 초기(初期)에는 효소활성(酵素活性)을 증대(增大)시키지만, 식물체(植物體)의 수용한계(收容限界)를 넘을 때는 오히려 효소(酵素)의 실활(失活)과 함께 식물체(植物體)가 피해(被害)를 받았다. 활엽수(闊葉樹)는 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)의 정화능력(淨化能力)이 큰 반면 침엽수(針葉樹)는 오염물질(汚染物質)에 대한 방어기능(防禦機能)이 크게 나타났다. 엽내(葉內) SOD 활성(活性)은 비오염지역(非汚染地域)과 오염지역간(汚染地域間)에 차이(差異)가 뚜렷하였는데, SOD 활성(活性)은 활엽수(闊葉樹)에 비하여 침엽수(針葉樹)에서 높게 나타났으며 묘목(苗木)보다는 성목(盛木)에서 높았고, 소나무보다는 잣나무에서 활성(活性)이 높았으며, 튜립나무는 은행나무와 양버듬나무보다 낮은 것으로 나타나 SOD 활성(活性)이 높은 것이 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)에 대한 내성(耐性)이 강(强)함을 알 수 있었다. 고유(固有)의 SOD 활성(活性)이 높은 소나무 2년생(年生)잎과 잣나무 1, 2년생(年生)잎에서는 $SO_2$ 처리농도(處理濃度)가 강(强)해질수록 SOD 활성(活性)이 증가(增加)하였으나, 고유(固有)의 SOD 활성(活性)이 나은 수종(樹種)은 저농도(低濃度(0.5ppm)처리(處理)에서는 증가(增加)하고 고농도(高濃度) 처리(處理)에서는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.585-593
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• 1999

The water and methanol extracts of Artemisia argyi showed significant cytotoxicities against J774A.1 cells but not so much against normal leukocytes. The cytotoxicities were found to be dependent on the extract concentration and the incubation time. The concentration of water and methanol extracts inhibiting 50% of cell proliferation ($IC_{50}$) were estimated to be 44.2 mg/ml and 71.6 mg/ml, respectively. In the presence of Artemisia argyi water extract, total superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD and MnSOD) activities of media, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of J774A.1 cells increased in accordance with cytotoxicity. MnSOD was found to be the main component of enhanced total SOD activities, particulary in the mitochondrial fraction. In contrast to SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were not found in any instance of the current investigation. In addition, substantial amount of $O_2^-$ appeared to be generated in the mitochondrial fraction under the influence of Artemisia argyi. All data put together, it is postulated that Artemisia argyi extracts seem to stimulate $O_2^-$ generation in mitochondria of J774A.1 cells with concomitant increases of SODs. Since $H_2O_2$, the reaction product of SOD on $O_2^-$, is known to be readily converted to very toxic $OH{\cdot}$ in the absence of catalase and/or GPx cooperation, toxicity derived from ROS such as $O_2^-$, $H_2O_2$, and $OH{\cdot}$ may be the main cause of necrosis and/or apoptosis of J774A.1 cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2006

볶음 처리한 새송이버섯의 환류추출조건에 따른 추출물의 생리기능적 특성을 살펴보았다. 에탄올농도에 따라서는 50% 에탄올농도로 추출하였을 때 총 페놀성 화합물 함량 및 수소공여능이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 75% 에탄올농도로 추출하였을 때 SOD유사활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능의 경우에는 에탄올농도가 낮을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 추출시간이 증가할수록 수소공여능은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, SOD유사활성 및 아질산염 소거능은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 추출온도가 증가할수록 수소공여능 및 SOD 유사활성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 아질산염 소거능은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 용매에 대한 시료량이 증가할수록 수소공여능, SOD 유사활성 및 아질산염 소거능이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 하여 볶음 처리한 새송이버섯의 추출조건 설정에 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

We describe here the complete nucleotide sequence and the exon-intron structure of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes and Paecilomyces sp. The SOD1 gene of P. tenuipes spans 966 bp, and consisted of three introns and four exons coding for 154 amino acid residues. Three unambiguous introns in P. tenuipes separate exons of 13, 332, 97, and 20 bp, all exhibiting exon sizes identical to Cordyceps militaris SOD1 gene. The SOD1 gene of Paecilomyces sp. contains 946 bp and consisted of four introns and five exons coding for 154 amino acid residues. Five exons of Paecilomyces sp. SOD1 are composed of 13, 180, 152, 97, and 20 bp. Interestingly, this result showed that the total length of exons 2 (180 bp) and 3 (152 bp) of Paecilomyces sp. SOD1 is same to exon 2 length (332 bp) of C. militaris SOD1 and P. tenuipes SOD1. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. tenuipes SOD1 showed $95\%$ identity to C. militaris SOD1 and $78\%$ to Paecilomyces sp. SOD1. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the C. militaris SOD1, P. tenuipes SOD1 and Paecilomyces sp. SOD1 are placed together within the ascomycetes group of fungal clade.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.614-619
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to investigate the different responses of cultured plant cells to paraquat treatment and nucleus-DNA damage in relation to enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, this study was also carried out to understand the antioxidative mechanism of plant cells to environmental stress. We selected two different species of plant cultured cells, Ipomoea batatas as high-SOD species and Lonicera japonica as low-SOD species. The total activity and specific activity of SOD in a chlorophyllous cell of I. batatas were 3,736 unit/gㆍfresh weight and 547 unit/mgㆍprotein, respectively, and those in L. japonica were 23 unit/gㆍfresh weight and 13 unit/mgㆍprotein, respectively SOD activity in chlorophyllous I. batatas cells reached its maximum level at 10 to 15 days after subculture, whereas that in L. japonica remained at a very low SOD level during the whole period of subculture. In comparison to L. japonica, I. batatas, a high-SOD species, showed high tolerance to paraquat 10 and 50 mg/l treatment in terms of cell viability and electrolyte leakage. Based on the result of comet assay, the nucleus-DNA damage of two species by paraquat 50 mg/l treatment was not significantly different. However, I. batatas cells repaired their damaged DNA more effectively than the cells of the low-SOD species, L. japonica.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.317-320
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• 2002

10 가지 식물추출물에서 항산화활성을 측정하여 가장 효과가 높았던 오미자를 선택하여 순차적으로 층분리 후, 각 유기용매층에 따라 분리된 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 Ethyl acetate층 추출물 (DPPH 51.6%. SOD 66.2%)과 Butanol층추추물 (DPPH 60.7%, SOD 67.4%) 에서 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었으며 총 polyphenol 함량 또한 Ethyl acetate층 (30000 mg/kg) 과 Butanol층 (30000 mg/kg)에서 높게 나타났으며, 특이한 점은 항산화 활성이 낮았던 water층 (39400 mg/kg) 에서 총polyphenol함량이 높았다.