• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.44-48
• /
• 2002

Rhodotorula giutinis KCTC 7989내에 존재하는 카로티노이드를 효율적으로 추출하기 위한 방법에 대해 연구하였다. R. glutinis에 의해 생합성되는 카로티노이드의 조성은 torularhodin 61.7%, $\beta$-carotene 28.8%, torulene 9.5%이었다. 세포 내에 존재하는 카로티노이드를 추출하기 위해 HCI로 세포를 전처리할 경우 열처리의 병행이 중요한 인자였지만, DMSO를 사용한 경우는 열처리 유무에 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 추출용매에 따라 추출되는 카로티노이드의 조성이 영향을 받았다. 특히 벤젠과 클로로포름은 torularhodin의 추출에 효과적이었으며, 디에틸에테르를 사용했을 때 카로티노이드의 전체 추출농도가 가장 높았다. 건조된 세포나 습한 세포에 비해 냉동 건조된 세포에서 카로티노이드의 추출효율이 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 1991

The carotenoid biosynthesis of a red oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis was significantly changed when the yeast was grown on different carbon substrates. The highest carotenoid production was obtained on culture medium containing glucose when the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) was adjusted to 25.7. Galactose stimulated the biosynthetic rate of torularhodin, a xanthophyll component of the yeast. With decreasing C/N ratio of the medium, significant changes of $\gamma$-carotene and torularhodin were observed such that increase in the torularhodin concentration was nearly equal to the decrease in $\gamma$-carotene. It was speculated that the nature of carbon substrate affected the metabolic rate of the cell, and accompanied by the different pattern of carotenoid accumulation in the cell.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.243-247
• /
• 1976

토양(土壤)으로부터 분리동정(分離同定)된 우수(優秀)한 세포내(細胞內) 지질생성균주(脂質生成菌株)인 Rhodotorula glutinis var. glutinis sw-17에 대(對)하여 carotenoid생성능(生成能)을 검토(檢討)하고서 이 균주(菌株)를 $25^{\circ}C$에서 8일간(日間) 진환배양(振還培養)하여 caroteneid 색소(色素)를 추출분리(抽出分離)하여 column에 흡착(吸着)된 색소층(色素層)의 순서(順序)와 용출(溶出)하여 정제(精製)한 각색소(各色素)의 흡수곡선(吸收曲線)에 의하여 각각(各各)의 carotenoid를 확인(確認)했으며 이들의 흡광도(吸光度)를 측정(測定)하여 Beer의 법칙(法則)에 따라 참고문헌(參考文獻)의 흡광계수(吸光係數)를 사용(使用)하여 정량(定量)한 결과(結果) torularhodin 25.52%, torulene 38.16%, neuroporene 1.49%, ${\gamma}-carotene$ 9.88%, ${\beta}-zeacarotene$ 2.0%, ${\beta}-carotene$ 19.95%이었으며 ${\delta}-carotene$은 거의 흔적(痕蹟)에 가까웠다. 따라서 Rhodotonula glutinis var. glutinis sw-17의 주색소(主色素)는 torularhodin, torulene이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.507-517
• /
• 2019

Rhodotorula is a group of pigment-producing yeasts well known for its intracellular biosynthesis of carotenoids such as ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\gamma}-carotene$, torulene and torularhodin. The great potential of carotenoids in applications in food and feed as well as in health products and cosmetics has generated a market value expected to reach over $2.0 billion by 2022. Due to growing public concern over food safety, the demand for natural carotenoids is rising, and this trend significantly encourages the use of microbial fermentation for natural carotenoid production. This review covers the biological properties of carotenoids and the most recent findings on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, as well as strategies for the metabolic engineering methods for the enhancement of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula. The practical approaches to improving carotenoid yields, which have been facilitated by advancements in strain work as well as the optimization of media and fermentation conditions, were summarized respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.1591-1597
• /
• 2007

The production of carotenoids, lipid content, and fatty acid composition were all studied in a strain of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus when using different concentrations of technical glycerol as the carbon source and ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source. The total lipids represented an average of 13% of the dry weight, and the maximum lipids were obtained when using 65.5 g/l technical glycerol (133.63 mg/g). The optimal conditions for fatty acid production were at $27^{\circ}C$ using 20 g of ammonium sulfate and a pH range from 6 to 7, which produced a fatty acid yield of $32.5{\pm}1\;mg/g$, including $1.27{\pm}0.15\;mg$ of linolenic acid (LNA), $7.50{\pm}0.45\;mg$ of linoleic acid (LLA), $5.50{\pm}0.35\;mg$ of palmitic acid (PA), $0.60{\pm}0.03\;mg$ of palmitoleic acid (PAL), $1.28{\pm}0.11\;mg$ of stearic acid (SA), $9.09{\pm}0.22\;mg$ of oleic acid, $2.50{\pm}0.10\;mg$ of erucic acid (EA), and $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mg$ of lignoceric acid (LCA), where the palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids combined formed about 37% of the total fatty acids. The concentration of total carotenoids was 2.80 mg/g when using 20 g of ammonium sulfate, and consisted of torularhodin (2.70 mg/g) and $\beta$-carotene (0.10 mg/g), at $23^{\circ}C$ and pH 6. However, the highest amount with the maximum specific growth rate was obtained (${\mu}_{max}=0.096\;h^{-1}$) with an ammonium sulfate concentration of 30 g/l.