• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.27-39
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• 2016

This study statistically investigates relationships between physical properties of rocks and topography by measuring and analyzing section, topographical and measured parameters of 58 bedrock outcrops at areas covered by gneiss, schist, granite, andesite, sandstone and limestone in the Korean Peninsula. Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that the joint spacing, joint continuity, weathering grade and maximum joint width of rocks among the measured parameters are related to the topographical parameters with statistical significances. Therefore, this study suggests that rock properties such as joint spacing, joint continuity, weathering grade and maximum joint width seem to greatly influence topography, although various factors can affect topographical parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2011

This paper describes an analysis of topographical changes to the Eulsuk-Island at the Nakdong River Estuary using a long-term dataset of high resolution aerial images from 1983 to 2007. Ground control surveying was performed at some feature points using GPS(Global Positioning System) to accomplish AT(Aerial Triangulation) for past aerial images. Even if some still existing feature points appeared on old aerial images were used as GCPs(Ground Control Points) for past aerial images in AT, its accuracy reached at 1m level. Since then, a quantitative analysis of topographical changes was conducted on digital orthophotos produced by a series of aerial images taken by different years. The change volume of total area, construction, vegetation, buildings and roads could be extracted per each period in study area. The total area decreased from 1983 to 1992, but it has not almost changed since 1992. According to the continuous development, the area of vegetation has steadily decreased, while that of buildings and roads has generally increased. The result of this study can provide us with invaluable base data for further topographical change monitoring in Eulsuk-Island and Nakdong River estuary caused by continuous development in this area.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.359-372
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• 2008

This research estimated Pinus densiflora distribution and suggested an optimal grid size of DEM for ecologically better explaining spatial distribution and appearance pattern of Pinus densiflora and analyze appearance frequency of Pinus densiflora by topographical factors. And this work ultimately aimed at topographically analyzing spatial distribution of Pinus densiflora by comparing impact of topographical factors. The aspect was analyzed in detail, east, west, south, north, from DEM with 1m grid size, and simply, east, west, south or east, south from DEM with bigger grid size. As a result of distribution of Pinus densiflora by aspect, Pinus densiflora appeared in all aspect with smaller grid size, while distribution in specific aspect decreased with bigger grid size. The analysis of appearance frequency with 100m grid size represented spatial distribution characteristics of Pinus densiflora as visual interpretation showed. The results of comparing impact of aspect, slope, TWI proved that aspect have more impact on distribution of Pinus densiflora than slope and there was not enough a difference between impact of slope and TWI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2008

In construction work's design process, we must carry out a topographical survey for construction reserved land and to the basis of this, production of profile is indispensable factor for the purpose of every construction work such as road, rail way, canal and etc. From this research, the production of profile about construction reserved land, using topographical information of digital topographical map produced by NGIS project, construct precision 3D terrain model and from this, propose plans for utilizing by producing automatic profile. With the aim of this, extract every layers of main facilities and altitude from digital topographical map and while producing 3D terrain model by using this, we product automatic profile from precision 3D terrain model. And we was carried out to check whether the automatic produced profile's accuracy could be accepted at actual estimation by mutual analysis. It is considered that the result of the research could be suggested as a new techniques concept which can reduce the designing period and expenses and increase the efficiency of affair in the design process for the construction.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Sinkholes happen in increasingly higher frequency in downtown areas with a concentration of social infrastructure these days. Most sinkholes occur around the living areas of citizens, which calls for a systematic countermeasure plan for urban development and underground water management, which are parts of the main causes of sinkholes. This study thus set out to analyze the risk factors of sinkholes in the subject area by using geospatial information deeply connected to sinkholes both directly and indirectly. The geospatial information used in analysis was obtained by examining the causes of sinkholes from a topographical perspective. Collected data were treated and analyzed with a range of spatial analysis tools based on GIS. The findings show that topographical factors had significant relations with sinkhole causes and raise a need to manage all kinds of pipe networks underground, the movement characteristics of underground water levels, and other topographical features. The findings may serve as data to support decision-making processes in the field of urban disaster prevention and call for extensive research to incorporate hydro-geomorphology and spatial modeling.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

The rainfall pattern, rainfall intensity as well as topographical conditions used for the analysis of debris flow affect, in general, the magnitude of debris flow and flow velocity, when debris flow occurs. The consideration of topographical conditions implies that the topography is equally divided into grids and the slope of inside the grid is computed as an average, leading to, in turn, obtain the closer results to the reality as the grid is smaller in the case of the severely bended topography. Although the size of grid should be as small as possible so as for more accurate analysis of debris flow, the analysis of debris flow has been so far conducted by using sparsely divided grids due to the limitation of analysis algorithm, computational ability and running time. So, it is necessary to suggest an appropriate grid size for the practical approaches. Therefore, this study presents the evaluation of the effect of the size of a grid on the debris flow besides the factors which referred to the previous studies such as accumulated rainfall, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration time. From this, it enables to suggest a rational and practical grid size for topography to be divided.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

This paper deals with the classification and distribution of geomorphic surfaces and analysis on effects of geomorphic processes on the landforms in the inaccessable DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) to Wonsan Bay of East Sea coast of Chugaryeong Rift Valley, Central Korea. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and Landsat images are used for the above anlaysis. The geomorphic surfaces are classified by TPI (Topographical Position Index) for the analysis of the convexity and concavity calculated using topographical elements such as elevation, steepness, and relief. In the Chugayreong Valley, 10 geomorphic surfaces are classified as steep valley, shallow valley, upland drainage, U-shaped valley, plain, open slope, upper slope, local ridge, midslope ridge, and high ridge. Zonal Statistics presents average characteristics of geomorphological processes of surfaces by the relationships between bedrock and relief, surface and relief, and between surface and NDVI. So, these analysis can help to understand geomorphological process such as dissection of lava plateau and watershed divide evolution.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

The effects of climatic changes owing to urbanization, geographical and topographical conditions on annual and monthly FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) reference evapotranspiration, and energy and aerodynamic terms of FAO P-M reference evapotranspiration were studied. In this study, 21 climatological stations were selected. The statistical methods applied for trend analysis are Spearman rank test, Sen's test, linear regression analysis and analysis of actual variation ratio. Furthermore, the cluster analysis was applied to cluster 21 study stations by considering the geographical and topographical characteristics of study area. The study results indicate that urbanization affects the trend and amount of FAO P-M reference evapotranspiration, energy term and aerodynamic term; however, the result of Sen's test indicates that urbanization does not significantly affect the magnitude of trend (Sen's slope). The energy term increased at study stations located in coastal area; however, decreased at study stations located in inland area. The topographical slope of study area did not significantly influence on the trend of energy term. The aerodynamic term increased in both coastal area and inland area, indicating much significantly increasing trend in inland area, and it was also affected by the topographical slope of the study area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.289-297
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• 2000

The determination of surface topography is believed to be extremely important in the areas of contact mechanics, adhesion and friction. In order to describe topography of various frictional surface, the harding test was carried out under different experimental conditions in try friction. And fractal descriptors was applied to frictional surface of laser modified steel with image processing system These descriptors to analyze surface structure are fractal dimension. Surface fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. Topography of frictional surface can be effectively obtained by fractal dimensions.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.47-49
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm for determination of many-to-many corresponding pairs between block-polygon sets from the national topographical map and the cadastral map in Korea Land Information System, caused by different abstraction and generalization rules of the two maps. Our proposed algorithm starts from an assumption that a block-polygon for a N:M pair should significantly overlap at least one block polygon of the counterpart group, and determines N:M pairs using an iterative updating and searching with this overlapping analysis. This iteration process is terminated when the N:M corresponding pairs satisfy our predefined 1:1 corresponding condition.