• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.3 s.47
• /
• pp.389-392
• /
• 2004

We screened several materials to stimulate IGF-1 promoter activity using luciferase reporter assay and found that Amomi Semen extract (ASE) among them is the most powerful stimulator We also studied about the anti-wrinkle effect of ethanolic extract of Amoni Semen in vitro and in vivo. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the extract elevated the presence level of IGF-1 mRNA. And $[^3H]$ proline incorporation and semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the extract increased the expression of type-I collagen compared with vehicle in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Significant inhibition of MMP-1 expression was determined by ELISA and Western blot. Finally, topical treatment of the extract on hairless mouse's dorsal skin expanded the volume of collagen and dermal thickness. These results suggest that Amomi Semen may be a good candidate for improving extracellular matrix through the increase of collagen expression and inhibition of MMP-1 expression. Moreover, this study enables us to guess that IGF-1 stimulated by the extract may be involved in the mechanism of anti-wrinkle effect of it.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.607-619
• /
• 2019

As software education was introduced through the 2015 revised curriculum, various research activities have been carried out to improve the computational thinking of learners beyond the existing ICT literacy and software utilization education. With this change, the purpose of this study is to examine the research trends of various research activities related to computational thinking which is emphasized in software education. To this end, we extracted the key words from 190 papers related to computational thinking subject published from January 2014 to September 2019, and conducted frequency analysis, word cloud, connection centrality, and topic modeling analysis on the words. As a result of the topical modeling analysis, we found that the main studies so far have included studies on 'computational thinking education program', 'computational thinking education for pre-service teacher education', 'robot utilization education for computational thinking', 'assessment of computational thinking', and 'computational thinking connected education'. Through this research method, it was possible to grasp the research trend related to computational thinking that has been conducted mainly up to now, and it is possible to know which part of computational thinking education is more important to researchers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.576-587
• /
• 2012

As being actual physiognomical vegetation on Daegwang sand dune in Imjado, the widest area is occupied by Pinus thunbergii community planted as windbreak forest whereas those communities such as Robinia pseudoacacia community, Elymus mollis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Elymus mollis community, Carex kobomugi community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Phragmites communis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Calamagrostis epigeios community occupy as band shape or patch. According to the result of the data collected and analyzed based on phytosociological method regarding 74 plots of survey area, the species composition of Daegwang sand dune vegetation is classified total 10 vegetation units comprises 7 communities and 5 groups. The 7 communities are classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Rosa rugosa var. rugosa community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Carex kobomugi community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, and the sub-units of Pinus thunbergii communities are classified into 3 groups of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum group, Elymus mollis group, Pinus thunbergii topical group and the sub-units of Calamagrostis epigeios communities are classified into 2 groups of Phragmites communis group, Calamagrostis epigeios tipical group. The zonation of vegetation from coastal line indicated with the order of Elymus mollis - Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila, Lathyrus japonicus - Calystegia soldanella - Vitex rotundifolia, Lathyrus japonicus, Ischaemum antephoroides - Rosa rugosa var. rugosa. According to the analysis result of longitudinal section, it was found to be those types with wide width herbaceous vegetation of foredune, smooth slope of foredune, lots of dune ridges with no structure were less vulnerable to erosion of sand dune and advantageous to its recovery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel($Dentheth^{(R)}$) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2. The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4. The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5. A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6. During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2005

Topical application of APF gel can increase the surface roughness of resin composites and the roughened surfaces may allow increased bacterial accumulation and surface staining. Resin specimens of two proprietary resin composites, Filtek Z250(FZ) and Filtek Supreme Universal(FS), and experimental resin composites containing 0%, 3%, 6% nanofillers(E0, E3, E6) were fabricated and divided into two groups of the same number; APF treatment group and no treatment group. The amount of S. mutans adhered to specimens and the mean surface roughness(Ra) were measured. The results were as follows; 1. In no treatment group, the amount of S. mutans adhered to FS was the smallest. It was significantly different from those of FZ, E3, E6(p<0.05) although it was not significantly different from that of E0(p>0.05). 2. For all resin composites used, the amount of S. mutans adhesion in APF treatment group was significantly greater than that in no treatment group(p<0.05). 3. In APF treatment group, the amount of S. mutans adhesion was significantly different between materials(p<0.05), and increased in order of FS, FZ, E0, E3 and E6. 4. Difference of the surface roughness(Ra) between materials was not statistically significant in both no treatment group and APF treatment group(p>0.05)

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2007

We induced the activation of melanocytes in the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and observed the effect of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henenis Strapf) leaf extract (BLE) on the formation, and decrease of UVB-induced epidermal melanocytes. C57BL/6 mice were irradiated by $UVB\;80mJ/cm^2(0.5mW/sec)$ daily for 7 days, and BLE was intraperitoneally or topically applied pre-or post-irradiation. For the estimation of change of epidermal melanocytes, light microscopic observation with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) stain was performed. Split epidermal sheets prepared from the ear of untreated mice exhibited 11-16 $melanocytes/mm^2$, and one week after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of strongly DOPA-positive melanocytes with stout dendrites. But intraperitoneal or topical treatment with BLE before each irradiation interrupted UVB-induced pigmentation and resulted in a marked reduction in the number of epidermal melanocytes as compared to radiation control skin. The number and size of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were also significantly decreased in intraperitoneally injected or topically applicated group after irradiation with BLE at 3rd and 6th weeks after irradiation. The results of present study indicate that BLE is likely to be useful as inhibitor of UVB-induced pigmentation and depigmenting agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2000

This experiment was performed to study of Gagambipachungpe-Eum extract solution's effects on acne. Anti-inflammatory edema, anti-histamine, vascular permeability, acne by induced oleic acid, ileum contraction of mice and guinea-pig was measured by oral administration, topical application or both of the sample to the acne of the experimental animals. Dose of samples were taken by 500 and 1,500mg/dl at the experiments. The results were as follows. 1. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $0.5\%$ Carrageenin have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2, 3(p<0.05) and 4 hours(p<0.01) of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group. 2. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $1.0\%$ Dextran have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2 and 4 hours of the high density 1,500mg/kg oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 3. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on mouse hind paw edema induced by $1.2\%$% Histamine have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 4. Only high density 1,500mg/kg - oral administration group of Gagambipachungpe-Eum as compared with sample group have significant effects on increased vascular permeability induced by histamine, picryl chloride induced contact dermatitis(p<0.01) and writhing syndrome induced by $0.7\%$ acetic acid(p<0.05) in mice. 5. All of the sample groups, Sample-Ⅰ(orally administered), Sample-Ⅱ(topically administered 500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅲ(topically administered 1,500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅳ(administered simultaneous orally and topically) on acne induced by o1eic acid in rabbit ears has the significant recovery on induced acne after 14 days 6. Gagambipachungpe-Eum have the effects on the motility of the isolated mice ileum, on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride in the isolated mice ileum and on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine in the isolated Guinea-pig ileum. According to the about results, it is expected Gagambipachungpe-Eum could be applicable to the treatment of acne.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2001

DA-5018, a recently synthesized capsaicin analog, appears to possess potent analgesic activity when administered topically. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of the topical administration of this compound. Specifically, our goal was to identify vehicle system that permit a reasonable transdermal permeation of the compound in mice. Among the vehicles examined, isopropyl myristate (IPM) showed the largest in vitro permeability across the intact skin (83.6 ${\pm}$ 5.42${\mu}$l/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h ). However, due to the limited solubility of DA-5018 in IPM (0.53 mg/ml), the maximal flux from the IPM medium remained at only 44.3 ${\pm}2.87{\mu}$g/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr. In order to increase the flux, addition of better solvents for DA-5018 was attempted, under the assumption that flux is the result of both solubility and permeability. Ethoxydiglycol (EG) and oleic acid (OA) were selected as examples of food solvents. The addition of IC or OA to IPM at a 1:1 volume ratio resulted in a comparable increase in the solubility of the compound (i.e., to 61.1 and 50.2 mg/ml for EG and OA, respectively). However, the addition of EG at a 1:1 volume ratio, for example, increased the flux 6.3 fold (i.e., $279{\mu}$g/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr), while OA, at a 1:1 volume ratio, decreased the flux 5 fold (i.e., $9.26{\mu}$g/$\textrm{cm}^2$//hr). The mechanism of this discrepancy between EG and OA was investigated by measuring the permeabilty of DA-5018 across the stratum corneum-removed skin of the mouse, under the hypothesis that the viable skin layer may serve as a barrier for the permeation of lipophilic substances such as DA 5018. The permeability of DA-5018, from the medium of EG or OA, across the viable skin differed greatly for EG ($0.41{\mu}$l/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr) and OA ($0.086{\mu}$l/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr), suggesting that a higher permeability across the viable skin layer is needed for the second solvents. The maximum flux across the intact skin was achieved for DA-5018 when EG was added to IPM at a 1:1 volume ratio. Thus, the use of a binary system appears to be the best approach for realizing the transdermal delivery of DA-5018 at a reasonable rate.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to measure the remineralization effect of APF gel and fluride varnish on artificial enamel caries using CLSM in vitro. The samples were divided into 3 groups: control, 1.23% APF gel, 5% NaF varnish. The specimen surfaces were observed by CLSM and measured average fluorescence of the lesion(AFL). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis at a significance level off 0.05(PSWA 18.0, SPSS Inc., USA). There were significant differences between AFL at baseline and 1 day after fluoride application(p<0.05) but there are no significant differences between ${\Delta}$ AFL of all groups (p=0.222). Result of Pearson's correlation analysis, there are no significant correlation between VHN and AFL, but there were significant correlation between AFL at baseline and 1 day after fluoride application(r=0.811, p<0.001). Although AFL decreased after fluoride application, but there was no difference between the groups. In the future, it is necessary to test the oral environment model or in situ experiment supplemented the limitations of this study.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2012

To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, essential oil from Asarum sieboldii was screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 4 wood rotting fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of essential oil was tested by using paper disc soaking method. Antifungal activity expressed as $IC_{50}$ value showed $1.50{\sim}2.84{\mu}l/disc$ range and the most significant antifungal activity was observed in Lentinus lepideus. The insecticidal activity of essential oil was examined by topical application method against L. serricorne adults. 50% and 100% of essential oil gave 98.3% and 100% mortality for 24 hours, respectively. The major components of the essential oil were methyl eugenol (56.32%), eucarvone (11.53%), safrole (5.79%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (2.09%), which were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. From these results, essential oil from A. sieboldii could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by insect and wood rotting fungi.