• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.110-123
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate how the online communities of restaurants affect the members and create the value by exploring some desirable member behaviors related to the membership, and (2) to examine the possible moderating effect of topic involvement on a member behavior paradigm. The sense of membership was proposed as a prerequisite determinant of two basic member behavior (i.e., purchase-related behavior and group-related behavior). Results of this study confirmed that the level of a member's sense of membership had a positive effect on his/her member behavior. The topic involvement levels of a member was further revealed to strengthen the magnitudes of the proposed relationships. Highly involved members were more likely to engage in both purchase-related behavior and group-related behavior when they were attached to their communities.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.789-796
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to test a large screen and rear-projected virtual reality (VR) interface in color choice for environmental design. The study piloted a single three-dimensional model of a bedroom including furniture in different color combinations. Using a mouse with an $8'{\times}6'$ rear-projector screen, participants could move 360 degree motion in each room. The study used 34 college students who viewed and interacted with virtual rooms projected on a large screen, then filled out a survey. This study aimed to understand the interaction between the users and the VR interface through measurable dimensions of the interaction: interest and user perceptions of presence and emotion. Specifically, the study focused on spatial presence, topic involvement, and enjoyment. Findings should inform design researchers how empirical evidence involving environmental effects can be obtained using a VR interface and how users experience the interaction with the interface.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

There is a growing interest in ethical consumption, and consumers are demanding high levels of CSR for their companies. Transparent provision of corporate information among various areas of CSR is also an important topic in the recent consumption situation. In the global fashion industry, it is also a type of radical corporate transparency and ethical management, led by several advanced startups such as Everlane. As a result, the production process is being disclosed. This study empirically analyzes the influence of this fashion product process transparency on the consumer evaluation of the company. According to a survey of 200 Korean respondents, the transparency of the presented fashion firms had a positive effect on corporate trust and purchase intention. It was confirmed that it has. On the other hand, consumer involvement, which has been discussed as an important personal attribute in the associated consumption environment, has no significant moderating effect. In other words, consumers' subjective corporate ethics involvement did not have a significant influence on their corporate transparency evaluation.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.20
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• pp.115-135
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• 2007

This study explored how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relates to achieving creativity at project work. We were interested in differences in how motivational factors relate to creativity. Using data from the 98 engineers and researchers employed by a variety of companies, principal components factor analysis with marimax rotation was performed on the data. We examined effects of the moderate variables the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and creativity relationship. The results indicate of positive mental involvement, the time and the resource constraints relates positively to creativity in organizations and that the relationship is a simple linear one. These outcomes are significantly related to intrinsic motivation and the creativity. In additions, extrinsic motivation is related to less the creativity. Our survey findings are also consistent with other sources of knowledge on the topic. Our results suggest that there are two different role: mental involvement, time and resources constraints, both of which predict creativity, and external control and extrinsic motivations reduce to creativity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 2016

Recently, various risks of smartphone hacking are emerging. Smishing crime techniques become more cunning and its damage has been increasing, thereby requiring effective ways of preventing and coping with smishing. Especially, it is emphasized the need for smartphone users' security awareness and training besides technological approach. This study investigates the effective method for providing news messages in order to improve the perception of risk from smishing. This research empirically examines that the degree of optimistic bias on risk perception can vary depending on news frame, topic type, and involvement regarding smishing. Based on the findings, it identifies the factors influencing risk perception and verifies effective ways of promoting individual security awareness on smishing. The results of this study provide implications that assist in educating, campaigning and promoting information security awareness for smart device users.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2014

Recently, with the development of technology, social network service (SNS) has become a hot topic. Lots of companies are now making online marketing strategy to promote their products and brand identities using SNS. Through these strategies, companies can produce more profit as well as make better brand images by performing online public relations. Among the SNSs, Facebook has a lot of users, it has been regarded by companies as a suitable platform with respect to online marketing for latent customers. The companies of today typically have at least one account and a Facebook page, and constantly make relationships with customers. However, companies have been thoughtless in this process, and usually provide information to customers through one-way communication. Based on this phenomenon, a study was conducted herein on how to use Facebook pages for promoting products and brand identities, keeping good relationships between companies and customers. This study assumed that the types of interaction on Facebook pages and user involvement are the key factors affecting decision making of purchase. Four types of Facebook pages which were made virtually were used in analysis with 56 participants who were selected for the experiment. The results indicated partial verification of the hypothesis. Particularly, product involvement had an effect on decision making of purchase in all conditions. According to these results, it can be explained that there are close relationships between the psychological status of online behaviors and Facebook corporate pages. In addition, through linear tendency of this phenomenon, this can infer how to setup a positive relationship with latent customers and make improve brand images of products.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.253-259
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• 2024

From the consumer's perspective, eco-friendly consumption is still a topic that can cause various psychological discomforts, and psychological discomfort can lower the intention to consume eco-friendly products through negative consumer psychological mechanisms. This study analyzed the influence of psychological discomfort regarding eco-friendly consumption on people's willingness to pay additional prices for eco-friendly products. In addition, we examined the moderating effect of consumers' involvement in the product family in this relationship. As a result of a statistical analysis based on consumer response data obtained from an online survey conducted with 407 American consumers, the level of people's psychological discomfort with eco-friendly consumption is directly related to their willingness to pay additional prices for eco-friendly products. Although it did not have a significant effect, it was confirmed that the influence of psychological discomfort on willingness to pay premium price was significantly different depending on the consumer's level of involvement.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

Against the backdrop of the increasing trend towards economic globalisation, many international firms are indicating that decisions on how to enter foreign markets remains one of the key strategic challenges confronting them. Despite the rich body of literature on the topic, the fact that these challenges have continued to dominate global marketing strategy discourses point to someevident lacunae. Accordingly, this paper considers the variables, categorised in terms of firm contexts (standardisation, market research, competition, structure, competitive advantage) and host country-contexts (economic development, cultural differences, regulation and political risk), which influence the degree of involvement of UK companies in overseas markets. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The greater the level of competition, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H2: The more centralised the firm's organisation structure, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H3a: The adoption of a low cost-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3b: The adoption of an innovation-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3c: The adoption of a market research approach to competitive advantages will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3d: The adoption of a breadth of strategic target-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a lower degree of involvement. H4: The higher the degree of standardisation of the international marketing mix the higher the degree of involvement. H5: The greater the degree of economic development in the host market, the higher the degree of involvement. H6: The greater the cultural differences between home and host countries, the lower the degree of involvement. H7: The greater the difference in regulations between the home country and the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. H8: The higher the political risk in the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. A questionnaire instrument was constructed using, wherever possible, validated measures of the concepts to serve the aims of this study. Following two sets of mailings, 112 usable completed questionnaires were returned. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Statistically, the paper suggests that factors relating to the level of competition, competitive advantages and economic development are strong in influencing foreign market involvements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, cultural factors (especially individualism/collectivism and low and high power distance dimensions) proved to have weak moderating effects. The reason for this, in part, is due to the pervading forces of globalisation and the attendant effect on global marketing. This paper has contributed to the general literature in a way that point to two mainimplications. First, with respect to research on national systems, the study may hold out some important lessons especially for developing nations. Most of these nations are known to be actively seeking to understand what it takes to attract foreign direct investment, expand domestic market and move their economies from the margin to the mainstream global economy. Second, it should be realised that competitive conditions remain in constant flux (even in mature industries and mature economies). This implies that a range of home country factors may be as important as host country factors in explaining firms' strategic moves and the degree of foreign market involvement. Further research can consider the impact of the home country environment on foreign market involvement decisions. Such an investigation will potentially provide further perspectives not only on the influence of national origin but also how home country effects are confounded with industry effects.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2015

Pulmonary edema is a major cause of mortality due to acute lung injury (ALI). The involvement of protein kinase C-${\delta}$ (PKC-${\delta}$) in ALI has been a controversial topic. Here we investigated PKC-${\delta}$ function in ALI using PKC-${\delta}$ knockout (KO) mice and PKC inhibitors. Our results indicated that although the ability to produce proinflammatory mediators in response to LPS injury in PKC-${\delta}$ KO mice was similar to that of control mice, they showed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and more severe pulmonary edema. PKC-${\delta}$ inhibition promoted barrier dysfunction in an endothelial cell layer in vitro, and administration of a PKC-${\delta}$-specific inhibitor significantly increased steady state vascular permeability. A neutrophil transmigration assay indicated that the PKC-${\delta}$ inhibition increased neutrophil transmigration through an endothelial monolayer. This suggests that PKC-${\delta}$ inhibition induces structural changes in endothelial cells, allowing extravasation of proteins and neutrophils.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.210-224
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of involvement in temple food on overall satisfaction, recommendation, and revisit intention. From June 15 to August 30, 2014, for those who have participated in temple stay at four temples in South Korea, the self-administered survey was conducted. Of a total of 400 questionnaires, 289 were employed for the analyses, which accounted for 72% of response rate. Results shows that the involvement in temple food positively influenced experience driven by motivation in temple stay. Considering a particular research topic of temple stay, it implies that the involvement in temple food plays a key role in affecting emotional and social value relating to experience in temple stay. Entertaining, educational, aesthetic, deviated factors created by this experience will contribute to making special memories and feeling great enjoyment. In addition, emotional and social value by temple food have a positive effect on recommendation and revisit intention through experience satisfaction. Furthermore, experiential factor was significant to overall satisfaction, revisit and recommendation intention. Social and emotional value according to involvement in temple food, in terms of conclusions in this study, influenced a reduction of stress and improvement of enjoyment. These values relating to involvement in temple food, therefore, are assumed to be the causal relationship with experiential factor and satisfaction in temple stay and subsequently will be regarded as determinants in defining temple food as a heathy dish.