• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

Purpose: The aims of the present study were 1) to quantitatively evaluate the extent of sinus pneumatization and 2) to determine the factors affecting sinus pneumatization. Methods: Based on implant treatment records, a list of patients who underwent implant placement on the posterior maxilla was obtained. Among them, patients with pre-extraction and post-extraction (before implant placement) panoramic radiographs were selected. After excluding radiographs with low resolution and image distortion, the radiographs before and after extraction were superimposed using computer software. Subsequently, the extent of sinus pneumatization (the vertical change of the sinus floor) was measured. Simple and multiple mixed models were used to determine the factors affecting sinus pneumatization. Results: A total of 145 patients were eligible for the present investigation. The average extent of sinus pneumatization was 1.56±3.93 mm at 176 tooth sites. Male sex, single tooth extraction, extraction of an endodontically compromised tooth, a class I root-sinus relationship, and sinus membrane thickening >10 mm favored pneumatization, but without statistical significance. The maxillary second molar presented the greatest pneumatization (2.25±4.39 mm) compared with other tooth types. This finding was confirmed in the multiple mixed model, which demonstrated a statistically significant impact of the extraction of a second molar compared with the extraction of a first premolar. Conclusions: Maxillary sinus pneumatization was 1.56±3.93 mm on average. The extraction of a second molar led to the greatest extent of pneumatization, which should be considered in the treatment plan for this tooth site.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Background: After tooth extraction, pain due to dry socket and pain in the adjacent tooth are common. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze pain in the adjacent tooth after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar. Methods: Postoperative pain due to dry socket, pain in the adjacent tooth, and pain from other causes were present. Group A included patents with dry socket alone; group B included patients with pain in the adjacent tooth alone; and group C included patients with both. The duration of symptoms was recorded. In addition, the prognosis of pain was divided into the complete improvement, improvement, maintenance, deterioration, and complete deterioration groups. Results: A total of 312 mandibular third molars were extracted from 13, 60, and 10 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The mean duration of symptoms was 5 days in group A and B and 15.2 days in group C. There were statistically significant differences in the duration of symptoms between groups A and C and groups B and C. Conclusion: Pain in the adjacent tooth after third molar extraction can be caused by inflammatory reactions and pressure on this tooth. The pain caused by pressure on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone results from the cytokines released by osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone destruction. However, pain from periodontal ligament damage caused by excessive pressure may be misunderstood as pulpal pain. Unconscious parafunctional habits, such as clenching and bruxism, could also be associated with post-extraction pain.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.27.1-27.7
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of autogenous fresh demineralized tooth (Auto-FDT) prepared at chairside immediately after extraction for socket preservation. Teeth were processed to graft materials in block, chip, or powder types immediately after extraction. Extraction sockets were filled with these materials and dental implants were installed immediately or after a delay. A panoramic radiograph and a conebeam CT were taken. In two cases, tissue samples were taken for histologic examination. Vertical and horizontal maintenance of alveolar sockets showed some variance depending on the Auto-FDT and barrier membrane types used. Radiographs showed good bony healing. Histologic sections showed that it guided good new bone formation and resorption pattern of the Auto-FDT. This case series shows that Auto-FDT prepared at chairside could be a good material for the preservation of extraction sockets. This study will suggest the possibility of recycling autogenous tooth after immediate extraction.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an automated software to extract tooth and pulpal area from sectional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, which can guarantee more reproducible, objective and time-saving way to measure pulp/tooth volume ratio. Methods: The software program was developed using MATLAB (MathWorks). To determine the optimal threshold for the region of interest (ROI) extraction, user interface to adjust the threshold for extraction algorithm was added. Default threshold was determined after several trials to make the outline of extracted ROI fitting to the tooth and pulpal outlines. To test the effect of starting point location selected initially in the pulpal area on the final result, pulp/tooth volume ratio was calculated 5 times with different 5 starting points. Results: Navigation interface is composed of image loading, zoom-in, zoom-out, and move tool. ROI extraction process can be shown by check in the option box. Default threshold is adjusted for the extracted tooth area to cover whole tooth including dentin, cementum, and enamel. Of course, the result can be corrected, if necessary, by the examiner as well as by changing the threshold of density of hard tissue. Extracted tooth and pulp area are reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) and pulp/tooth volume ratio is calculated by voxel counting on reconstructed model. The difference between the pulp/tooth volume ratio results from the 5 different extraction starting points was not significant. Conclusions: In further studies based on a large-scale sample, the most proper threshold to present the most significant relationship between age and pulp/tooth volume ratio and the tooth correlated with age the most will be explored. If the software can be improved to use whole CBCT data set rather than just sectional images and to detect pulp canal in the original 3D images generated by CBCT software itself, it will be more promising in practical uses.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

부산 시내에 소재하는 1곳의 치과의원에 영구치 발치를 위해 내원한 1,119명의 환자의 1,878개 치아를 대상으로, 발거원인 비중 및 발거연령을 조사한 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 발거된 영구치아의 발거원인으로는 치아우식증 25.9%, 치주병 56.5%로 나타났다. 2. 30대 전에는 치아우식증에 의한 발거가 치주병에 의한 발거보다 많았으며, 30대 이후부터는 치주질환에 의한 발거가 치아우식증에 의한 발거보다 많았다. 3. 영구치의 발거빈도를 비교하면, 남자가 여자보다, 상악이 하악보다 발거빈도가 높게 나타났다. 4. 가장 많이 발거하는 치아는 제3대구치로 주로 지치주위염 및 맹출 장애로 발거되었다. 5. 치아 중에서 하악 견치가 가장 오래 생존하였으며, 제3대구치를 제외하고 하악 제1대구치가 가장 먼저 발거하였다. 이런 결과는 구강건강의 최대 파괴현상인 치아의 발거원인과 발거연령을 분석하여 구강보건 문제를 해결하는 데 기초자료로 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1988

To predict duration of orthodontic treatment of malocclusion, 304 male and female patients whose orthodontic treatment was finished in department of orthodontics, Infirmary of dental college, Chosun University were studied. The duration of treatment was studied according to types of malocclusion, beginning ages of treatment, Hellman's dental ages, the determination of tooth extraction, types of tooth extraction and types of orthodontic appliance. The following results were obtained. 1. The duration of treatment was 18 months in Class I malocclusion, 20 months in Class II malocclusion and 24 months in Class III malocclusion. 2. The more early treatment was done, the more duration of treatment was needed according to beginning age of treatment and Hellman's dental ages. 3. Treatment of tooth extraction case was needed for 78 days more than that of non-extraction case. 4. The duration of treatment with unilateral extraction of premolars was the shortest (598 days) and that with single arch extraction of premolars was the longest (685 days) according to types of tooth extraction. 5. The duration of treatment by removable appliance was the shortest (237 days) and the combination of removable appliance, headgear and full banded appliance was the longest (1425 days) according to types of orthodontic appliance. 6. The duration of treatment was 18 months in typical orthodontic treatment with 4 extraction of premolar and full banded appliance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and post-extraction bleeding and to quantify bleeding risk in patients receiving DOACs. Materials and Methods: The study included 293 patients who were taking DOACs and underwent tooth extraction (414 teeth). The patients were divided into those who had the extraction while taking DOACs and those who discontinued DOACs before the extraction. Bleeding complications were recorded and compared between the patient groups and types of DOACs. Results: Of the 293 patients, 12 patients (6.9%) had post-extraction bleeding. Post-extraction bleeding occurred in 12 of the 414 tooth extraction sites. Among the 246 patients who underwent dental extraction while continuing DOAC therapy, 12 patients (8.5%) had post-extraction bleeding. Among the 47 patients who underwent dental extraction after discontinuing the administration of DOACs, none reported post-extraction bleeding. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with post-extraction bleeding between the two groups (P=0.122). Conclusion: Continuing DOAC therapy during dental extraction does not increase post-extraction bleeding tendency. These results are consistent with those of previous studies.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Purpose: To observe the histopathological changes following irradiation on the wound healing after tooth extraction in the rachitic rats. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this study, the rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (normal diet/non-irradiation group), Group 2 (normal diet/irradiation group), Group 3 (rachitogenic diet/non-irradiation group), and Group 4 (rachitogenic diet/irradiation group). Rachitic changes were induced with rachitogenic diet No. 2 (high calcium, low phosphorus, and Vitamin D deficient diet) for 5 weeks. After the extraction of both maxillary first molars of the rats in Group 2 and 4, the head and neck of the rats were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 10 Gy. The rats were sacrificed at the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day after tooth extraction. The specimens including the extraction wound were sectioned, stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome method and examined under the light microscope. Results: In the Group 2, the amount of newly formed bone trabeculae on the periphery of extraction socket and osteoblastic activity were reduced. In the Group 3, epithelial fusion was not revealed on the 5th day after toothe extraction and growth rate of osteoid formation was reduced. In the Group 4, necrotized tissue at the outer surface of extraction socket and destructive changes on the alveolar bones were noted on the 10th day. Epithelial fusion was not revealed and large amounts of osteoclast were noted on alveolar bone on the 15th day. Conclusion: The healing process of wound after tooth extraction was retarded by irradiation and especially in the rachitic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2023

Objectives: Drug holidays are suggested to reduce the formation of osteonecrosis in patients under intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates (BPs) therapy. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) following tooth extraction in cancer patients using IV BP, and to assess the effect of drug holiday on the development of MRONJ. Patients and Methods: A manuel search of the patient folders of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University was undertaken to identify cancer patients who used IV BPs and had at least one tooth extraction between 2012 and 2022. Patents' age, sex, systemic condition, the type of BP used, duration of BP used, number of tooth extraction, duration of drug holiday, localization of tooth extraction and incidence of MRONJ were recorded. Results: One hundred nine teeth were removed from 57 jaws in 51 patients. All tooth extractions were performed under perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and with primary wound closure. The incidence of MRONJ was 5.3%. Stage 1 MRONJ developed in 3 patients (only one had a drug holiday). The median duration of drug holiday was 2 months. No significant difference between the patients with and without a drug holiday and MRONJ development was found (P=0.315). The mean age of patients developed MRONJ was 40.33±8.08 years. A statistically significant difference was found between age and MRONJ development (P=0.002). Conclusion: The effect of a short-term drug holiday on the development of MRONJ may be limited because BPs remain in bone tissue for a long time. Drug holidays should be applied with the approval of an oncologist with other preventive measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate factors associated with increased difficulty in the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars and to improve identification of difficult cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 680 patients who required 762 surgical extractions of impacted lower third molars from 2009 to 2014 were enrolled in the study. Demographic factors, clinical factors, radiographic factors, surgical extraction difficulty, and presumed causes of difficulty were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results: Age, sex, depth of impaction, and blurred radiographic image influenced difficulty in surgical extraction. The position of the impacted tooth influenced surgical difficulty, especially when it was accompanied by other factors. Conclusion: It is challenging to design a reliable and practical instrument to predict difficulty in surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. To identify very difficult cases, root investigation using computed tomography is advised when impacted tooth position suggests difficult extraction.