• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.1288-1292
• /
• 2007

Mobile phone is necessary articles by increasing mobile communication now. People usually use the Mobile phone in any time and place. Ring tone of Mobile phone effect owner or other person. The sound level of Mobile phone ring tone could be considered as noise if it is too loud a specific situation. Manufacturing company improve ring tone of mobile phone better in consumer's perception. In this study, we record ring tone of mobile phone and estimated the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of the relation between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. Linear regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation and sound quality metrics. Semantic Differential Method is used to study sound quality Evaluation. To analyze the sound quality of ring tone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and a neural dynamic technique (NDYT). As an intervention to treat spastic lower limb muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance in stroke patients. Methods: Totally, 26 participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the IASTM (n=13) and NDYT (n=13) groups. Both groups were subjected to their respective technique for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance were evaluated before and after training, to compare both group changes. Results: IASTM group showed significant decrease in the gastrocnemius medial region and semitendinosus muscle tone and stiffness (p<0.05) compare to NDYT group; however, no significant different was observed in static balance between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that IASTM is an effective method for decreasing the muscle tone and stiffness in acute stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison between the walking speed and muscle tone of the lower extremity in male and female. Method: The experimental group was that 22 female and 24 male that participated this study. Subjects were measured walking speed and muscle tone. Muscle tone measured using myotonometer. Measured muscle were rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinousus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius. Result: The result of this study were that the walking speed were significantly significant(p<.01) in male and female. Muscle tone different in male and female that vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius significantly significant(p<.05). Conclusion: This study showed that difference muscle tone and walking speed in male and female. This indicates that there is an interaction that plays a crucial roles in the walking speed and muscle tone.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Multiple studies have documented that high resting levels of cardiac vagal tone suggest higher levels of self-regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac vagal tone as an indicator of autonomic nervous function in healthy newborn and premature infants. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive comparison design and a convenience sampling strategy. The participants were 72 healthy and 62 premature infants delivered in a university hospital. Continuous heart rate data recordings from the infant's ECG were analyzed and Mxedit software was used to calculate mean heart period and an index of cardiac vagal tone. Results: The healthy infants had significantly higher cardiac vagal tone than the premature infants, when the influence of gestational age was removed using analysis of covariance. However, there were no significant differences in heart rate and heart period between the two groups when the influence of gestational age was removed using analysis of covariance. Conclusion: The results of this study show that cardiac vagal tone may be used as an index for determining infant's autonomic nervous function. Nursing staff in pediatric departments can use cardiac vagal tone with ease, as this index can be calculated in a noninvasive method from the ECG.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.1C
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2009

Tone injection scheme has been known as one of PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) reduction methods deployable to multi-carrier system like OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The basic idea in tone injection scheme is to enforce the constellation size larger so that each of original constellation points is mapped into the preassigned distinct points. Along the accomplishment of tone injection, it needs great amount of computations to search out not only an appropriate frequency but a phase. Although there is no loss of transmission rate is expected because of no need to send the overhead, the tone injection scheme has not been preferable due to its enormous computations. To alleviate the amount of complexity, this paper proposes the GA(Genetic Algorithm) based tone injection scheme such that its complexity is reduced comparing with that of the conventional method. The simulation results show that the proposed GA based tone injection scheme approaches the PAPR performance associated with the conventional exhaustive search method at the expense of low computations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.141-156
• /
• 2013

In this paper we propose a method to detect human faces in color images. Many existing systems use a window-based classifier that scans the entire image for the presence of the human face and such systems suffers from scale variation, pose variation, illumination changes, etc. Here, we propose a lighting insensitive face detection method based upon the edge and skin tone information of the input color image. First, image enhancement is performed, especially if the image is acquired from an unconstrained illumination condition. Next, skin segmentation in YCbCr and RGB space is conducted. The result of skin segmentation is refined using the skin tone percentage index method. The edges of the input image are combined with the skin tone image to separate all non-face regions from candidate faces. Candidate verification using primitive shape features of the face is applied to decide which of the candidate regions corresponds to a face. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can detect faces that are of different sizes, in different poses, and that are making different expressions under unconstrained illumination conditions.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 2002

This paper is intended to help cool-skin-colored people to choose suitable clothing colors confidently and look well-dressed and to make positive self-images. A pseudo-experimental method has made it possible to analyze the visual evaluations of clothing color images for cool-skin-colored people and obtain the following results. 1. Reddish colors of vivid tone for doffing give positive images and those of dull and dark tone, negative ones. 2. Yellowish colors of vivid and bright tone for doffing show positive images and those of dull and dark tone, negative ones. Cool yellow of light tone proves to contribute to a well-looking image. 3. Warm green of vivid and deep tone, and cool green of vivid tone for clothing present positive images. 4. Warm blue of vivid and deep tone, and cool blue of vivid and bright lone make positive images. Either blue with dull tone gives a negative image. 5. Purple colors whose tone is vivid, deep and light contribute to positive images, and those of dull tone, negative ones.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2009

The aim of this paper is to find an adequate method to study declination in Korean. In previous studies of declination in Korean, maximum and minimum pitch values in an accentual phrase were measured. But this method is inadequate when an accentual phrase is located at the intonational phrase. So in order to exclude the final tone of an intonational phrase, we propose to measure pitch values of the first and second tone in an accentual phrase when the tonal pattern of the accentual phrase is 'LHLH'. In this case, the line that connects every first tone of an accentual phrase is the baseline, and the line that connects every second tone of an accentual phrase is the topline. By a comparison of declination between focused and neutral utterances, we will show that the topline of declination is more direct to the speaker's plan than the baseline.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.11c
• /
• pp.261-264
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we identify the memory effect of high power(125W) laterally diffused metal oxide-semiconductor(LDMOS) RF Power Amplifier(PA) by two tone IMD measurement. We measure two tone IMD by changing the tone spacing and the power level. Different asymmetric IMD is founded at different center frequency measurements. We propose the Tapped Delay Line-Neural Network(TDNN) technique as the modeling method of LDMOS PA based on two tone IMD data. TDNN's modeling accuracy is highly reasonable compared to the memoryless adaptive modeling method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.07c
• /
• pp.1495-1498
• /
• 2002

The constrained average method is one of dither methods which combines edge emphasis and grayscale rendition to provide legibility of textual region and proper quality of continuous tone region. How-ever, image quality of continuous tone region is insufficient compared to other dither methods, such as ordered dither methods or the error diffusion method. The constrained average method uses a uniform distribution function to decide number of lit pixels related to the average intensity in a picture area. However, actual distribution of continuous tone region is closer to the Laplacian distribution or triangle distribution. In this paper, we introduce various probability distributions and the actual luminance distribution to decide the threshold value of the constrained average method in order to improve image quality of dithered image.