• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2011

Since tolerance allocation in a mobile phone camera manufacturing process greatly affects production cost and reliability of optical performance, a systematic design methodology for allocating optimal tolerances is required. In this study, we proposed the tolerance optimization procedure for determining tolerances that minimize production cost while satisfying the reliability constraints on important optical performance indices. We employed Latin hypercube sampling for evaluating the reliabilities of optical performance and a function-based sequential approximate optimization technique that can reduce computational burden and well handle numerical noise in the tolerance optimization process. Using the suggested tolerance optimization approach, the optimal production cost was decreased by 30.3 % compared to the initial cost while satisfying the two constraints on the reliabilities of optical performance.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2000

Due to the inherent dimensional uncertainty, the tolerances accumulate in the assembly of plasma cutting torch. Tolerance accumulation has serious effect on the performance of the plasma torch. This study proposes a statistical tolerance propagation model, which is based on matrix transform. This model can predict the final tolerance distributions of the completed plasma torch assembly with the prescribed statistical tolerance distribution of each part to be assembled. Verification of the proposed model was performed by making use of Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo simulation generates a large number of discrete plasma torch assembly instances and randomly selects a point within the tolerance region with the prescribed statistical distribution. Monte Carlo simulation results show good agreement with that of the proposed model. This results are promising in that we can predict the final tolerance distributions in advance before assembly process of plasma torch thus provide great benefit at the assembly design stage of plasma torch.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1984

The author carried out bovine mastitis test by California Mastitis test(CMT) for the milk from dairy cows in the surburbs of Taejeon. In order to select prefer commercial therapeutic antibacterial agents for mastitis treatment, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the CMT positive milk and the strains were tested for the tolerance test to the agents. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The tolerance test appeared graduate tolerance in cases with continuously repeat of therapeutic agents. 2. The antibacterial agents revealed strong tolerance were D-and E-ointments. 3. The antibacterial agents revealed suspect tolerance were A-and F-ointments and ampicillin, penicillin, kanamycin and streptomycin. 4. The antibacterial agents revealed non or rare tolerance were B-and G-ointments and chloramphenicol, erythromycin and oxytetracycline. 5, It is concluded that the use of 3-day-interval in turn with antibacterial agents selected by tolerance test may be beneficial.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2023

The current study aimed to identify the level of tolerance and the level of marital happiness and the relationship between tolerance and marital happiness among married teachers in Irbid. In addition, to identify the differences in tolerance and marital happiness according to some demographic variables among married teachers in Irbid. The study sample consisted of (121) married teachers were randomly selected from the study community. For study purposes, the researcher used the tolerance scale for Shuqair and the marital happiness scale for Hedberg translated to Arabic by Alharekey. Findings showed that there were statistical correlations between tolerance and marital happiness among married teachers. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the married teachers' average scores in the degree of tolerance and marital happiness according to the gender, age, the gap between couples, and years of married.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1998

본 시험은 미국과 유럽으로부터 도입된 5개 초종 23개 품종의 한지형 잔디의 생육특성, 추위와 가뭄에 대한 내성, 내병성 및 녹색도를 조사하기 위하여 1995년 연암축산원예전문대학 잔디시험 포장에서 실시하였다. Kentucky bluegrass는 8개 품종중에 Newport 와 Glade가 우수하였는데 Newport는 균일성, 피복도, 질감 등에서 최고의 품질을 나타내었으며 여름철의 질병에도 강하였으나 녹색도가 옅고 가뭄에 대한 저항성, 가을철의 녹병에는 약하였고 늦가을의 녹색도가 유지되지 않는 단점이 있었으며 Glade 품종은 녹색도가 진하며 밀도, 피복도, 균일성, 여름철 질병과 녹병에 대한 저항성 등에서 모두 중상정도로 우수하였으나 가뭄에 대한 저항성과 질감이 다소 나쁘고 Pythium blight에 약하였다. Tall fescue는 5개 품종 중 Revel과 Revel Jr. 품종이 진한 녹색을 나타내었으며 밀도, 균일성, 피복도 등 거의 모든 조사항목에서 다른 품종에 비해 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. Red fescue는 봄철의 질감은 뛰어났지만 모든 품종이 여름장마철에 질병으로 사멸하였다. Ryegrass는 4개 품종중 Dandy 품종이 질감을 제외한 거의 모든 조사항목에서 다른 품종에 비해 매우 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.239-241
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• 1989

Naloxone partially antagonized the analgesic effect of a large dose of morphine and inhibited the development of an acute type tolerance. Ginseng total saponins did not antagonize the analgesia of a large dose of morphine but inhibited the delrelopment of acute and delayed types tolerance. The morphine analgesia and the development of acute type tolerance were affected by the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, but the development of acute type tolerance was not. Ginseng total saponins partially inhibited the development of the delayed type tolerance that was not inhibited by naloxone, but also partially suppressed the development of the acute type tolerance that was completely inhibited by naloxone. These results imply that the partial inhibition of the development of the acute and delayed types tolerance by ginseng total saponins is not mediated by the opioid receptors.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare Grit, failure tolerance and psychological well-being between elementary science gifted and general students. The subjects of this study were 48 science gifted students and 70 general students in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school in Gyeonggi province. The results of this study were as follows: First, Grit, failure tolerance and psychological well-being of science gifted students were higher than those of the general students, there was a statistically significant difference. Second, science gifted students showed higher correlation between grit and failure tolerance, grit and psychological well-being than general students. Grit of science gifted students had a positive correlation with all sub-factors of academic failure tolerance and psychological well-being. In general students, there was a positive correlation with all sub-factors of Grit, academic failure tolerance, and psychological well-being except for the emotion sub-factor of academic failure tolerance. Thirdly, as a result of the regression analysis on the elements of failure tolerance affecting the Grit, science gifted students showed emotional factor but general students had behavioral factors. Also, as a sub-factor of psychological well-being on Grit, both science gifted and general students showed autonomy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2007

Self/non-self discrimination and unresponsiveness to self is the fundamental properties of the immune system. Self-tolerance is a state in which the individual is incapable of developing an immune response to an individual's own antigens and it underlies the ability to remain tolerant of individual's own tissue components. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the tolerant state. They can be broadly classified into two groups: central tolerance and peripheral tolerance. Several mechanisms exist, some of which are shared between T cells and B cells. In central tolerance, the recognition of self-antigen by lymphocytes in bone marrow or thymus during development is required, resulting in receptor editing (revision), clonal deletion, anergy or generation of regulatory T cells. Not all self-reactive B or T cells are centrally purged from the repertoire. Additional mechanisms of peripheral tolerance are required, such as anergy, suppression, deletion or clonal ignorance. Tolerance is antigen specific. Generating and maintaining the self-tolerance for T cells and B cells are complex. Failure of self-tolerance results in immune responses against self-antigens. Such reactions are called autoimmunity and may give rise to autoimmune diseases. Development of autoimmune disease is affected by properties of the genes of the individual and the environment, both infectious and non-infectious. The host's genes affect its susceptibility to autoimmunity and the environmental factors promote the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, developing the autoimmunity. The changes in participating antigens (epitope spreading), cells, cytokines or other inflammatory mediators contribute to the progress from initial activation to a chronic state of autoimmune diseases.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2016

소프트웨어 기반의 고장허용이란 장비의 일부분에 소프트웨어 고장이 발생하더라도 허용할 수 있도록 장비를 설계하는 것을 의미힌다. 고장허용을 위한 설계 방법은 크게 하드웨어 기반 고장허용 설계 방법과 소프트웨어 기반 고장허용 설계 방법이 있으며, 시스템의 특징에 따라 적절한 방법의 고장허용 설계 방법 선택이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어적으로 이중화로 구성된 비행조종컴퓨터의 소프트웨어 기반 고장허용 설계 기법에 대하여 기술하였다. 소프트웨어 기반의 고장허용 설계를 위하여 소프트웨어 고장을 분류하고, 고장에 대한 검출 방법을 설계한 후, 고장발생시 복구 방법을 설계하였다. 설계된 방법의 유효성을 확인하기 위하여 전용 소프트웨어 시험 환경을 통해 설계된 소프트웨어 기반 고장허용 설계의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제14권spc호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

미국 연방항공규정(FAR) §29.571 Amendment 55에서 다루고 있는 손상허용 평가 내용은 2012년에 개념 정립이 되었다. 최근 정립된 개념임에 따라 손상허용 평가 개념을 도입하여 입증 절차를 수행한 이력이 많지 않다. 본 논문은 회전익 항공기에서 주요 구조 요소(PSE; Principal Structure Element)로 분류된 주 로터 작동기 개발품을 FAR §29.571 요건의 손상허용 평가를 바탕으로 인증을 위해 수행한 일련의 과정 및 평가 방법들을 소개하고자 한다. 주 로터 작동기는 초기결함을 생성한 후 설계 목표수명의 2배수에 해당하는 손상허용 시험을 수행하였다. 이를 바탕으로 회전익 항공기 주 로터 작동기는 충분한 손상허용능력을 확보하고 있음을 입증하였다.