• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4601-4607
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• 2014

Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane fraction (Hex) and dichloromethane fraction (DCM) could reduce HT1080 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell invasion. Hex and DCM revealed higher potency levels than CEE, whereas an ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) had no effect. Gelatin zymography revealed that Hex decreased the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and-9). In contrast, the DCM fraction exhibited slightly effect on MMPs secretion and had no effect on MMPs activity. Collagenase activity was significantly inhibited by the Hex and DCM fractions. High amounts of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol were found in the Hex and DCM fractions and demonstrated an anti-invasion property. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin was detected only in the CEE fraction and reduced MDA-MB-231 cells invasion property. These observations suggest that proanthocyanidin, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol in the red rice fractions might be responsible for the anti invasion activity. The red rice extract may have a potential to serve as a food-derived chemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.31-31
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• 2017

Understanding the mechanism(s) to overcome or prevent seed ageing deterioration during storage is of fundamental interest to seed physiologists. Vitamin E (tocols) is known as a key metabolite to efficiently scavenge lipid peroxy radicals which cause membrane breakdown resulting in seed ageing. However, in rice research this hypothesis has been tested for very few lines only without considering intraspecific variation in genomic structure. Here, we present a correlation study between tocols and seed longevity using a diverse rice panel. Seeds of 20 rice accessions held in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute, representing aus, indica, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subpopulations, were used for tocols analysis (quantification of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-, ${\delta}$-tocopherol/tocotrienol by ultra performance liquid chromatography) and storage experiments at $45^{\circ}C$ and 10.9% seed moisture content (sample taken for germination testing every 3 days up to 60 days). To examine interactions between DNA sequences and phenotype, the 700k high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism marker data-set was utilized. Both seed longevity (time for viability to fall to 50%; $p_{50}$) and tocols content varied across subpopulations due to heterogeneity in the genetic architecture. Among eight types of tocol homologues, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol were significantly correlated with $p_{50}$ (negatively and positively, respectively). While temperate japonica varieties were most abundant in ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, indica varieties recorded 1.3 to 1.7-fold higher ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol than those of other subpopulations. It was highlighted that specific ratio of tocol homologues rather than total tocols content plays an important role in the seed longevity mechanism.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2007년도 6th OSONG INTERNATIONAL BIO-SYMPOSIUM
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• pp.233.1-233.1
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• 2007

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2007

Tocotrienols (T3) are minor plant constituents found abundantly in rice bran, which provide a significant source of vitamin E in animal feeds. T3 was reported to have an intrinsic hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting HMG-Co A reductase. It has similar antioxidative properties as tocopherols in food and biological system due to their similar chemical structures. However, the antioxidant activity and mechanism of T3 to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid are less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scavenging effect of T3 on free radicals and its inhibition of peroxide formation. Free radical scavenging activity was monitored by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method whereas inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was evaluated using the thiocyanate method. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to determine malonaldehyde formation from linoleic acid peroxidation. Free radical scavenging activity increased with increasing concentration levels of T3. T3 exhibited 38.2, 78.6, 92.7 and 96.2% radical scavenging activity at concentrations of 2, 8, 32 and 128 ppm, respectively. At 128 ppm, it was highly effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. The activity of T3 evaluated by the thiocyanate method showed low absorbance values indicating a high level of antioxidant activity. All treatments showed similar trends in antioxidant activity when evaluated by both the thiocyanate method and TBA test.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권spc호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

발아현미에 함유된 기능성 물질의 발아 전후 함량 변화를 평가하기 위하여 일반미, 녹미, 적미, 흑미, 찹쌀현미 등 5종의 현미를 대상으로 발아 전 상태 및 발아현미 제조 후 상태에서의 tocopherol 및 tocotrienol류, squalene 및 phytosterol 류 등 기능성물질 함량 변화를 평가한 본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 비타민 E 함량은 발아전보다 발아후의 현미에서 약 10% 수준의 함량 감소가 관찰되었으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 2. Squalene 함량의 경우 발아찹쌀현미는 발아 과정 중 31% 증가하는 경향이었으나 다른 종류의 현미는 발아 전후 큰 변화가 없었다. 3. Phytosterol류 중 stigmasterol은 모든 종류의 발아현미에서 발아 전 대비 5-27%의 뚜렷한 증가가 관찰되었으며, campesterol, sitosterol 및 총 phytosterol 함량은 발아 전후 간 대차 없거나 다소 감소하는 경향이었다. 4. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 비록 현미 종류별 차이는 있었으나 대부분의 경우 발아 현미는 발아전과 비교할 때 stigmasterol은 뚜렷한 증가를 나타내며 본 실험 분석 대상이었던 tocopherol, tocotrienol, squalene, campesterol, sitosterol 등 기능성 물질은 발아 전후 대차 없는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.122-123
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• 2004

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2013

To characterize the nutraceutical property of Italian millet (Setaria italica) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), ten Korean landraces of each crop were collected and their vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) contents as well as fatty acid composition in seeds were evaluated. Italian millet seeds exhibited 5 forms of vitamin E isomers: three (${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-) tocopherols and two (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-) tocotrienols, while sorghum seeds showed only three forms of vitamin E isomers: ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\alpha}$-tocotrienol. In both crops, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was the major constituent of vitamin E in terms of highest quantity. Total vitamin E content in Italian millet and sorghum landraces were 88.3 mg/kg and 44.3 mg/kg, respectively. Among three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) analyzed, ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major form comprising about 85% and 65% in Italian millet and sorghum landraces, respectively. Total phytosterols content ranged from 443.0 to 568.5 mg/kg and 442.3 to 719.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and sorghum, respectively. Squalene, a precursor of phytosterols biosynthesis, ranged from 6.8 to 10.2 mg/kg in Italian millet and from 62.2 to 115.2 mg/kg in sorghum. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids in both of the crops and about 80% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. Among the tested landraces, M09 and S10 showed relatively higher proportion of phytonutrients, suggesting their potential as a gene source for further breeding program.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.226.2-227
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• 2003

The degree of milling is an important factor in terms of the nutritional value and the economic return of the milled rice. This study was to investigate the changes in compositions of the oils obtained from rice with different degree of milling. The content of total tocols in rice significantly (p＜0.05) decreased, as degree of milling increased. The relative ％ of -tocopherol in brown rice had lower than those in milled rices whereas the relative ％ of -tocotrienol, and -tocotrienol in brown rice higher than those in milled rices. -Oryzanol content significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 198.5 mg/kg rice for brown rice (0% milling) to 65.5 125.0 mg/kg rice for rice samples with 5.6, 8.0, and 9.6 ％ milling. -Sitosterol was most abundant sterol representing 50 ％ - 56% of the total sterol content in all analyzed samples. The content of total sterol as well as each sterol isomers in rice significantly (P<0.05) decreased, as degree of milling increased. A similar trend was observed in changes of octacosanol and squalene.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내에서 소비되는 일부 상응 식품의 비타민 E 함량을 측정하고자 하였다. 각 식품군들의 비타민 E는 검화벙법 또는 직접용매 추출법을 이용하여 추출하였으며 이를 순상 HPLC를 통하여 분리, 정량하였다. 육류에선 장조림이 1.08 $\alpha-TE$가장 높았으며, 어패류는 마른 오징어가 4.69 $\alpha-TE$로 높게 분석되었다. 해조류는 조미김이 $5.70\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유제품은 분유에서 $3.17\;\alpha-TE$, 두류에선 서리태가 $1.52\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 값으로 나타났고, 견과류에선 해바라기씨가 $17.99\;\alpha-TE$노 가장 높은 수치를 보였다 조리가공식품류는 라면이 $1.96\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높았으며, 전통가공 식품류에서는 고추장이 $3.48\;\alpha-TE$로 가장 높은 분석치를 나타내었다. 본 논문에서 분석된 자료는 식품 내 비타민 E 함량 분석을 통한 표준화된 영양성분표의 기반확립에 도움이 되리라고 생각한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 육성 벼 품종 미강의 토코페롤, 토코트리에놀, 폴리페놀, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 함량 및 기타 항산화 활성의 차이를 검토한 결과이다. 1. 품종별 미강의 조지방 함량은 15.8%(오대)~23.9%(칠보)이었으며 단백질 함량은 12.2%(한설)~15.1%(조운), 회분 함량은 8.7%(추청)~10.8%(한설), 식이섬유 함량은 34.1%(삼광)~43.5%(청해진미)의 범위를 나타났다. 2. 품종별 미강의 전체 비타민 E 함량은 '호품'($221.47{\mu}g/g$), '칠보'($211.63{\mu}g/g$), '청해진미'($208.54{\mu}g/g$)순으로 높았고, '한설'($106.65{\mu}g/g$)이 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 토코페롤과 토코트리에놀은 각각 ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol과 ${\gamma}$-Tocotrienol이 주를 이루었으며, 밥쌀용 품종 미강의 비타민 E 이성체별 함량 분포가 품종에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. ${\gamma}$-oryzanol은 '칠보'(4.30 mg/g)가 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 미강 에탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 '호품'(775.80 mg gallic acid/100g)이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 플라보노이드 함량 등과 높은 연관을 보이는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 호품이 9.82%로 가장 높았으며, 폴리페놀 화합물 등과 관계되는 ABTS 라디칼 소거능과 환원력은 각각 '호품'(187.5 AEAC mg/100g), '운광'(A700 = 0.19)에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 4. 밥쌀용 벼 품종 간 미강 기능성 성분 함량의 유의한 차이를 확인하였고, 미강의 이용성 증진을 위하여 주요 품종의 특성을 이해하고 기능성 성분의 함량, 활성 및 추출 수율을 최적화하기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.