• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2001

A total of 79 Salmonella spp. were isolated from Pusan area in 2000. The serotypes of 79 Salmonella isolates were classified as 42 strains of S. typhi(53.1%), 24 strains of S. enteritidis(30.4%), 9 strains of S. montevideo(11.4%), 2 strains of S. typhimurium(2.5%), 1 strain of S. infantis(1.3%) and 1 strain of S. indiana(1.3%) strains(16.5%) of Salmonella sp. were isolated at May July, respectively. The isolates of S. typhi were sensitive to most sntibiotics except streptomycin. All isolates of S. typhi were especially sensitive to tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, kanamycin, samikacin, sulfamethozazole/ trimethoprim, cefriaxone, ceftazdime, cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Isolates of S. enteritidis wer presented higher resistance than isolates of S. typhi. Twenty-four strains of S. enteritidis were sensitive to kanamycin, amikacin cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, however 13 strains(54.2%) of S. enteritidis were resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin and ticarcillin. Nine strains of S. montevideo were sensitive to most antibiotics except carbenicillin and streptomycin. Each 1 stain of S. indiana and S. infantis was sensitive to most antibiotics used in this study except streptomycin. Three kinds of resistant pattern (CB, SM, TE, AM, TC). In the case of S. enteritidis isolates, 9 kinds resistant pattern were detected. Most frequent resistant pattern of S. enteritidis isolates was CB, AM, TC type(16.7%)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1992

A study on the isolation of Yersinia from the feces of healthy pigs and the biotype and serotype and susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials was carried. Out of 853 pigs, Yersiniae were isolated from 349 pigs(40.9%). Of 349 isolates, 289 isolates(82.8%) were Yersinia enterocolitica and 54(15.5%) were Y kristensenii, 3(0.9%) were Y pesudotuberculosis and the rest 3(0.9%) were Y prederiksenii. Out of 289 isolates of Y enterocolitica, the predominants biotype was 3B comprising of 165 isolates(57.1%) and followed by biotype 2, comprising of 49 isolates(17.0%), bioptype 3A, comprising of 41 isolates(14.2%) and biotype 4 comprising of 23 isolates(8.0%). And the predominant serotype was 0 : 3 comprising of 231 isolates(79.9%) and followed by serotype 0 : 9 comprising of 42 isolates(14.5%) and 0 : 21 comprising of 10 isolates(3.5%). Y. enterocolitica were resistant to cephalothin(99%), novobiocin(99%), erythromycine(83%), ampicillin(83%) and carbenicillin(81%) and susceptible to amikacin(100%), colistin(100%), gentamicin(100%), kanamycin(100%), polymyxin B(100%), tobramycin(100%), chloramphenicol(99%), nalidixic acid(99%), neomycin(99%), streptomycin(99%) and tetracycline(99%). Most strains of biotype 2/serotype 0 : 9 were susceptible to carbenicillin(100%) and ampicillin(61%) but the other biotype/serotypes were resistant to these antibiotic.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2001

Different polluted water samples were collected from a wastewater treatment plant, agricultural drainage canals, the River Nile, and irrigation canals. The samples were examined for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Sohag area, Egypt over a period of one year. A total of 240 isolates were collected and tested for their resistance to 12 common antibiotics and 6 heavy metals. The isolates were found to be less resistant to norfloxacin(1.7%), ofloxacin(4.6%), amikacin(9.6%), tobramycin (10.4), carbenicillin (15.4), and gentamycin (41.3%), yet more sensitive to rifampicin (75%), kanamycin (89.6%), ampicillin (90.8%), chloramphenicol (91.7%), streptomycin (92.9%), and tetracyclin(96.3%). In contrast, 7.1%, 12.9%, 25.4%, and 53.7% of the isolates were resistant to lead, cadmium, mercury, and zinc, respectively. None of the isolates had developed a resistance to silver or molybdenum. The high frequency of metal-antibiotic double resistance existed between lead and amikacin (56.5%), cadmium and ofloxacin (72.7%), zinc and norfloxacin (100%), and mercury and carbenicillin (94.6%). The high occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in natural water could be related to the widespread use of antibiotics, with possible public health hazard.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.138-142
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• 1995

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-209 was isolated from a soybean grain dust sample in Korea. The strain BT-209 produced two different sizes of cuboidal crystals and one spore in the cell. In the biochemical characterization, the strain BT-209 showed negative reactions on the production of urease, and the utilization of citrate and sucrose. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-209 showed higher sensitivity than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 to ampicillin, bacitracin, chlortetracycline, gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, tetracycline and tobramycin, it was more resistant to methicillin than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-209 consisted of three proteins with apparent molecular weights of appoximately 148, 135 and 62 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE. The strain BT-209 had at least eight different plasmids with sizes of 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 8.6, 14.6, 24.5, 67.6 and 77.6 Kb. The strain BT-209 showed strong lethalities of 70% and 87% against Bombyx mori and Hyphantria cunea larvae. at 72 h, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1995

Streptoalloteichus hindustanus ATCC 31219, a nebramycin complex producer, is similar to Streptomyeces tenebrarius in a viewpoint of resistance to a wide range of aminoglycoside antibiotics. S. tenebrarius has resistance mechanisms of 16s rRNA methylation and aminogycoside modification. However, it is not known whether resistance mechanisms of Stall. hindustanus are the same as in S. tenebrarius. Therefore, we have tried to isolate resistance determinants from Stall. hindustanus. Two different types of aminoglycoside resistance determinants were isolated from Stall. hindustanus and expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24. The apramycin resistance gene (amr) and the tobramycin resistance gene (tmr) isolated from Stall. hindustanus showed broad resistance spectrum against a dozen of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The complete nucleotide sequences of apramycin resistance gene (amr) were determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the amr gene of Stall hindustanus ATCC 31219 showed extensive sequence homology to the 16s rRNA methylase gene (kamB) of S. tenebrarius.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

맥류세균성 줄무늬병균의 선택배양기(KM-1)를 개발하여 이병식물체 및 토양으로부터 Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens를 선택적으로 분리할 수 있는 효율성을 검토하였다. KM-1배양기의 구성성분은 증류수 1 L당 lactose 10 g, D(+)trehalose 4.0 g, thiobarbituric acid 0.2 g, K\ulcornerHPO\ulcorner 및 KH\ulcornerPO\ulcorner 각각 0.8 g, yeast extract 30 mg, NH\ulcornerCl 1 g, cycloheximide 100 mg, tobramycin 8.0 mg, ampicillin 1.0 mg 및 Bacto agar 15 g이며 1 N NaOH로 pH 6.6으로 조절하였다. X. c. t.의 균주별 KM-1의 배양효율은 비선택성 농후배지인 Wilbrinks agar에 비하여 1.30정도였으며, 기타 토양전염성식물병원세균 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora, Corynebacterium insidiosum, 및 기타 토양생존 부생세균 Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida 등의 생장을 완벽하게 억제하였다. KM-1의 저장기간(shelf-life)도 5$^{\circ}C$에서 2개월 동안 선택성을 유지하였다. 따라서 본 병원균의 전염원의 생존 등 발생생태연구에 활용될 수 있는 가치가 충분히 인정되었다.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1987

Authors studied on the isolation of V. damsela from sea water, fish and shellfish at the Keoje Hae keumkang on the southern sea and at Hongdo island and Heucksan island on the western sea of Korea from May to September in 1986. Authors investigated for the isolated strains to bacteriological identification, hemolysis about various erythrocytes and antibiotic susceptibilities. The results obtained were as follows: 1. V. damsela was isolated 14 strains from total 383 specimens; 233 cases of sea water, 40 cases of fish and 110 cases of shellfish, respectively. Eight strains were isolated from sea water and 6 strains were isolated from shellfish. 2. The biochemical characteristics which differentiate it from other Vibrio species were indole negative, ornithine negative, Voges-Proskauer positive, arginine positive, galactose positive, glucose positive, maltose positive, mannose positive, trehalose positive, and growth in nutrient broth with 1% to 6% NaCl. 3. On hemolysis reaction on blood agar media using human, rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes, human erythrocytes were 11 strain positive, rabbit erythrocytes were 12 strain positive and guinea pig erythrocytes were 13 strain positive. 4. Senistivity test using with chemotherapeutic agents of "BioLab" Microbial Sensitivity Test Discs were generally sensitived to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, methicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin, respectively, but were resistant to lincomycin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1998

As a part of investigation for listeriosis, we attmepted iolationof Listeria spp. from commerical frozen and refrigerated foods at the supermarket level. Seven strains of Listeria spp. were isolate from 6 samples (7.15) among 84 samples of frozen foods, and ten strains of Listeria spp. were also isolated from 8 samples (7.6%)_ among 105 samples of refrigerated foods at the supermarkets in Pusan area. From a total of 189 commerical foods, the number of isolated Listeria spp. and ratio were 6 strains(3.25) of L. grayi, one strain (0.5%) of L. welshimeri, 6 strains (3.2%) of L. innocua and 4 strains (2.15) of L monocytogenes. Listeria spp. isolates except L. monocytogenes did not show $\beta$-hemolysis on blood agar and positive reaction in CAMP test with Staphyloccccus aureus. In the antibiotic susceptibility,most isolates of Listeria spp. were susceptible to 12 antibiotics such as ampicillin , cephalotin, penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, vancomycin, tobramycin, carbenicillin , tetracycline and trimethoprim /sulfamethoxiazole. Four strains of L. monocytogenes were susceptible to ntibiotics used in this study except nitrofurantio. The serotype of 3 strains and one strain of L. monocytogenes were classified into Listeria O serotype 1 and 4, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa isolated from dogs and cats. A total of 45 (6.2%) P. aeruginosa was isolated from 710 dogs and 21 cats with clinical signs. Resistance to one or more of the antimicrobials tested was observed in 26 (57.8%) P. aeruginosa. Resistance to cefepime was the most frequent (44.4%), followed by ofloxacin (22.2%), levofloxacin (17.8%), norfloxacin (8.9%), ciprofloxacin (6.7%), ceftazidime, aztreonam, colistin, polymixin B and gentamicin (4.4%, respectively), while resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, tobramycin and amikacin was 2.2%, respectively. All isolates were susceptibility to doripenem and meropenem. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be a crucial step in selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine. Also, the prudent use of antimicrobials and continuous monitoring for companion animals are required.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to assess the susceptibility of pigmented and nonpigmented strains of Serratia marcescens to antibiotics and human sera, and the effect of culture filtrates from pigmented and nonpigmented of Serratia marcescens on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice to thymus-dependent and indepependent antigens. Humoral immune response was measured by hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysin (HE) to sheep red blood cell (SRBC), and Arthus or antibody response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The cellular immune response was measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) determined by footpad swelling reactin to SRBC. The resistance of pigmented strains of Serratia marcescens to the bactericidal action of heat inactivated human serum was insignificantly greater than that of nonpigmented strains. However, the pigmented strains were significantly more resistant to the bactericidal action of heat-untreated human serum than that of nonpigmented strains. The clinical isolates of Serratia marcestens was also tested for their resistance to several antibiotics. There was no difference between the pigmented and non-pigmented strains in the resistance to carbenicillin. However, nonpigmented strains were more resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin and tobramycin than the pigmented strains. The intraperitoneal administration of culture filtrates from the pigmented or nonpigmented strains into mice caused enhancemented of antibody response to SRBC or PVP, and of DTH to SRBC. Besides, their enhancement of immune responses was more prominent when culture filtrate from the pigmented strains was administered.