• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2019

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an aglycone of ginsenosides, which has high medicinal values. Production of PPT from natural ginseng plants requires artificial deglycosylation procedures of ginsenosides via enzymatic or physicochemical treatments. Metabolic engineering could be an efficient technology for production of ginsenoside sapogenin. For PPT biosynthesis in Panax ginseng, damarenediol-II synthase (PgDDS) and two cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2) are essentially required. Methods: Transgenic tobacco co-overexpressing P. ginseng PgDDS, CYP716A47, and CYP716A53v2 was constructed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Results: Expression of the three introduced genes in transgenic tobacco lines was confirmed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Analysis of liquid chromatography showed three new peaks, dammarenediol-II (DD), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and PPT, in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco (line 6) contained $2.8{\mu}g/g$ dry weight (DW), $7.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, and $11.6{\mu}g/g$ DW of PPT, PPD, and DD in leaves, respectively. Production of PPT was achieved via cell suspension culture and was highly affected by auxin treatment. The content of PPT in cell suspension was increased 37.25-fold compared with that of leaves of the transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco was not able to set seeds because of microspore degeneration in anthers. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells of phloem tissue situated in the center of the anther showed an abnormally condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria. Conclusion: We successfully achieved the production of PPT in transgenic tobacco. The possible factors deriving male sterility in transgenic tobacco are discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.172-177
• /
• 2019

A duplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of tobacco root rot pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae and Thielaviopsis basicola. The specific primers for P. nicotianae were developed based on its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal gene, ras gene and hgd gene, while the specific primers for T. basicola were designed based on its ITS regions and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. The specificity of the primers was determined using isolates of P. nicotianae, T. basicola and control samples. The results showed that the target pathogens could be detected from diseased tobacco plants by a combination of the specific primers. The sensitivity limitation was $100fg/{\mu}l$ of pure genomic DNA of the pathogens. This new assay can be applied to screen out target pathogens rapidly and reliably in one PCR and will be an important tool for the identification and precise early prediction of these two destructive diseases of tobacco.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2003

담배가루를 첨가하므로서 버섯균의 균사생장을 촉진하고, 푸른곰팡이병원균의 발생 감소의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 시험을 실시한 결과. 볏짚배지의 담배가루 표면처리에서는 느타리버섯은 0.1g의 처리구까지는 무처리구보다 약간의 균사생장이 빠르며, 혼합처리에서는 1.0g처리구까지 무처리구보다 균사생장이 빠르고 2.0g에서는 생장이 감소되었다. 푸른곰팡이병원균 처리구는 담배가루의 모든 처리구가 무처리구에 비하여 균사생장이 억제되었다. 느타리버섯 품종별 담배가루 처리에 따른 균사생장 조사에서는 표면처리에서는 ASI 2072 담배가루 처리량 처리방법에 상관없이 억제되었으며, ASI 2180 균주의 0.1, 0.2g처리에서 약간 억제되었고, 혼합처리구에서는 ASI 2072균주는 전체적으로 억제되었으며 그 이외의 균주들은 2.0 g처리에서만이 억제되었다. 포장시험 중 볏짚재배 시험에서는 3%처리시 수량이 높았으며, 폐면재배에서는 6% 처리구가 수량이 높았으며 담배가루 처리에 따른 푸른곰팡이병의 방제효과는 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2005

To correct the difference of filling volumn for various cut tobacco and puffed stem according to moisture contents, correction equation was estamated by a simple regression analysis. The $R^2$(coefficient of determination) of correction equation was above 0.95. To verify the precision of correction equation, we predicted correction equation of other samples. The filling volumns by the difference of $1\%$ moisture content were $0.018\;~\;0.022cc/g$ (cut tobacco) and 0.060cc/g (puffed stem). The precision of correction equation for various cut tobacco was very high, but that of puffed stem was low due to quality deviation of row stem according to a season.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 1981

Flue-cured tobacco leaves, produced in Korea and in the USA in 1980, were analyzed for their sugar contents. Regardless of tobacco varieties or production localities, glucose was the most abundant and sucrose the lowest among free sugars. In terms of total sugar, USA-produced leaves contained the highest concentration in the grade of $C_3F$ (equivalent to the $L_3$ grade in Korean standard) , but Korea produced ones in the grades of the $H_1\;and\;L_1$, (equivalent to the $B_1F\;and\;C_1F$ grades, respectively, in the USA standard) . Otherwise, we could not find any significant differences in sugar contents between American and Korean tobacco leaves.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1982

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil water potenial on the growth and internal changes of stressed plants. The experimental imposition of soil water potential ( $\Psi$soil) were -0.1 to -0.2, -0.2 to -0.5, -0.5 to -3.0, -3.0 to -10.0 bar respectively. During water stress all growth rates were depressed, and the most sensitive period to water stress was found to be 10 to 25 days after transplanting. The water potential of leaf was declined rapidly within 12 hours after with holding of water. Nitrate reductase activity was decreased progressively as water deficit was built up in tobacco leaves, but the activity of alpha- amylase and super contents were increased. There were differences in peroxidase isozyme patterns between tile control and water stressed plant. New isozymes started to appear as tobacco leaf water potential decreased.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1987

This survey was been conducted to classify the distribution of morphological and chemical characteristics of soils in the major districts cultivating flue-cured tobacco plant. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Tobacco was mainly grown in local valley, 7-15% slopes, loam and sandyloam containing gravels, and productivity classes of soil were corresponded to 3-4 degree for upland crops. 2. most soils were acidic (below pH 5.5) and contained low organic matters. (below 2%) 3. Dominant soil series were SANGJU, JIGOG, SEOCTO, SAMGAG ANRYONG, SUAM, and YESAN.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 1996

A mathematical model of the pressure gradient of supercritical CO2 in a vertical tobacco bed was developed in this study. In particular, the compaction of the tobacco as a function of temperature and CO2 flow is included in the model. Downflow of CO2 (low condition is described. At velocities in excess of 0.6 cm/sec at 7$0^{\circ}C$, there is a large increase in pressure gradient for beds deeper than about 0.5 m. The proposed model offers a better understanding of operating the process using supercritical CO2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.2483-2486
• /
• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of tobacco smoking, toombak dipping and alcohol consumption as risk factors for cancer in the adult population of the northern state of Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from March to April 2010, covering 963 adults, was performed. Result: Only 207 had responded, and the male female prevalence was 20.8% and 0.73%. Out of 207 respondents, 29.5% had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, 38% were toombak dippers, while 14% were consumers of alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: The prevalence of toombak dipping was higher than tobacco smoking among the adult population in the northern state of Sudan. Female participation in tobacco and alcohol related studies was found to suffer from major obstacles since these habits are considered as social stigma. Appreciation of the full impact of smoking on population health will definitely make a major contribution to improvement of the poor public health situation in Sudan.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 1978

The effects of liquid sugar and sucrose on several characteristic of tobacco leaves, there combustibility and harmful compound in smoke were examined. results obtained were as follows. 1) Nicotine and total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves were reduced by sugars added to tobacco. 2) Nicotine and tar transfered to smoke were reduced by 4% sugars added to burley tobacco but not reduced by sugars added to hicks. 3) pH of smoke was reduced by sugars added but pH of tobacco shreds not reduced by sugars added. 4) The filling capacity and combustibility (S. B. R.) of tobacco shreds were increased by sugars treated. 5) Nitrogen oxides transfered to smoke was reduce by sugars treated but phenols transfered was not reduce by sugar treated. 6) The capacities of moisture absorption and retention was increased by sugars treated.