• 폴리머
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2002

폴리비닐알코올(PVA)을 부틸알데히드로 아세탈화하여 폴리비닐부티랄(PVB)을 합성하였다. PVB는 물을 용매로 침전법에 의하여 입자형태로 제조되었으며 생성된 PVB의 화학적 물리적 특성을 여러 방법을 이용하여 분석, 측정하였다. 제조된 PVB입자는 100~700 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 입도분포내에서 약 380$\mu\textrm{m}$의 평균입자크기를 나타내었다. PVB의 화학구조는 FT/IR과 NMR을 이용하여 확인할 수 있었으며 적정분석 결과 아세탈화정도는 약 77%로 나타났다. DSC 분석결과 PVA가 PVB로 아세탈화됨에 따라 PVA의 결정성이 사라졌으며, 유리전이온도가 $70^{\circ}C$근처에서 나타났다. TGA 분석결과 제조된 PVB는 반응물인 PVA에 비해 열적으로 매우 안정하여 $300^{\circ}C$까지 열분해를 보이지 않았다. 용해도 분석결과 PVB는 PVA와는 달리 알콜류에는 용해되었으나 물에는 용해되지 않았다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to improve not only wet-end performances but also paper characteristics by the modification of various factors like molecular design and ionic characteristics of polyacrylamides First of all physical characteristics were observed after modify molecular design of the cationic polyacrylamides to linear, branched and cross-linked. In addition it was found analysis method to confirm branch degree of cationic polyacrylamides to combine ionic titration characteristics and spectroscopic behavior, After application of these structure modified polyacrylamides to the multiple retention systems with inorganic microparticles, it was found adjusting of branch degree of polyacrylamides was very important to optimize wet-end improvement. Second, After polymerization of amphoteric polyacrylamide to have both of cationic and anionic functional group in the polymer, we observed not only physical characteristics but also wet-end improvement to apply recycled pulp and found that the improvement of solution stability to prevent hydrolysis and increase of ash retention dramatically to compare traditional cationic polyacrylamide retention aid, Finally, After polymerization of anionic polyacrylamide, we observed not only wet-end improvement but also paper characteristics to apply preflocculation of PCC and it was found the improvements of flocculation efficiency, retention, ash retention, optical properties of the paper and bursting strength to compare traditional preflocculant of cationic polyacrylamide.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.706-712
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• 2012

The present study was aimed to produce a chicken polyclonal antibody against Cronobacter muytjensii and to develop an immunoassay for its detection. Purification of anti-C. muytjensii IgY from egg yolk was accomplished using various methods such as water dilution and salt precipitation. As a result, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis produced two bands around 30 and 66 kDa, corresponding to a light and a heavy chain, respectively. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chicken IgY against C. muytjensii. The optimum conditions for detecting C. muytjensii by indirect ELISA and checkerboard titration of the antigen revealed an optimum average absorbance at the concentration of 18 ${\mu}g/mL$, having ca. $10^8$ coated cells per well. The anti-C. muytjensii IgY antibody had high specificity for C. muytjensii and low cross-reactivity with other tested pathogens. In this assay, no cross-reactivity was observed with the other genera of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, detection of C. muytjensii in infant formula powder showed a low matrix effect on the detection curve of IC-ELISA for C. muytjensii, with similar detection limit of $10^5$ CFU/mL as shown in standard curve. These findings demonstrate that the developed method is able to detect C. muytjensii in infant formula powder. Due to the stable antibody supply without sacrificing animals, this IgY can have wide applications for the rapid and accurate detection of C. muytjensii in dairy foods samples.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

To compare of serum antibody titers using ELISA and HI, serum samples were collected from 100 breeders and their progeny 550 broilers. The breeders and broilers were vaccinated with infectious bronchitis(IB)- and Newcastle disease(ND)-viruses according to general vaccination program. The antibodies in serum samples against IB and ND viruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using commercial ELISA kit and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. Geometric mean titer(GMT) of ELISA and In titers were monitored from 1-day-old to 35-day-old broilers and compared to those of breeder chickens. The antibody titers of breeders vaccinated with ]B virus showed 47,800, ELISA and 7.2, HI, respectively. Progeny chicks, 1-day-old, vaccinated with IBV showed high antibody titers than those of breed chickens. Those chicks were maintained protective antibody levels until 11-day-old. From 14-day-old, the antibody level decreased below protective levels. In ND, breeders serum antibody titers ELISA and Eiu were 30,200 GMT and 8.7 HI titer, respectively. On 1-day-old chicks, antibody levels was decreased to half in ELISA(16,270) compared with those of breeders, but In titers was 7.4. Progeny broilers, protective antibody level was maintained until 14- day-old by ELISA, but at 11-day-old by HI titers. After then, ND antibody titer was continuously decreased underdefense level. These result indicated that the ELISA method be more sensitive than HI titration to detect serum antibody level for IBV and NDV.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.192-192
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• 2011

Hyperthermal ion scattering experiments were conducted with low kinetic energy (<35 eV) cesium ion beams to analyze the UV-photolyzed water-ice films. Neutral molecules (X) on the surface were detected as cesium-molecule ion clusters ($CsX^+$) which were formed through a Reactive Ion Scattering (RIS) process. Ionic species on the surface were desorbed from the surface via a low energy sputtering (LES) process, and were analyzed [1]. Using these methods, the thermal stability of hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$) that was produced by UV light was examined. As the thermal stability of $H_3O^+$ is related with the reaction, $H_3O^+$ + OH + $e^-$ (or $OH^-$) ${\rightarrow}$ $2H_2O$, which is similar or same with the reverse reaction of the auto-ionization of water, the result from this work would be helpful to understand the auto-ionization of $H_2O$ in water-ice that has not been well-understood yet. However, as $H_3O^+$ was not detected through a LES method, the titration experiment of $H_3O^+$ with methylamine ($CH_3NH_2$, MA), MA + $H_3O^+\;{\rightarrow}\;MAH^+$ + $H_2O$, was conducted. In this case, the presence of $MAH^+$ indicates that of $H_3O^+$ in the ice. Thus the pristine ice was photolyzed with UV light for a few minutes and this photolyzed ice was remained at the certain temperature for minutes without UV light. Then MA was adsorbed on that surface so that the population of $H_3O^+$ was found. From the calibration experiments, the relation of $MAH^+$ and $H_3O^+$ was found, so that the thermal stability of $H_3O^+$ can be investigated [2].

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 1992

우리나라의 식품 공전에서 주류의 검사방법이 비색 및 적정의 방법으로 나타나 있다. 그러나 이런 습식분석법은 시간이 많이 걸리고 개인오차 등 심각한 문제를 내포하고 있다. 주류의 제조 과정 중 휴겔류가 생성되는데 n-propanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, i-amyl alcohol이 주로 생성된다. 우리는 GC를 이용하여 개개의 물질을 분리하고 농도에 따른 신호가 직선성이 얻어지면 동시에 정성 및 정량 자료를 얻을 수 있다. 즉 GC나 GC/MSD에 의해 capillary FFAP 칼럼을 이용하여, 다섯가지 휴젤성분, 아세트알데히드, 메탄올, 에탄올 그리고 내부표준물질인 아세토니트릴을 동시에 분리하였다. 그리고 capillary FFAP 칼럼으로 분리된 각 피이크가 단일종이라는 것을 GC/MSD를 이용하여 각각의 mass 스펙트럼으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 내부 표준법으로 GC에 의해 각 물질에 대한 좋은 정량자료를 얻었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

The influence of laundering conditions on calcium deposition on the fabric was studied by repeated laundering the cotton fabric with soap in the hard water of 200 P.P.M. $CaCO_3$. The experimental variables were: 1) soap concentrations ($0.06\%$, $0.13\%$, $0.25\%$), 2) water contents in the fabric after hydroextraction. ($65\%$, $150\%$, $315\%$), 3) builders (Na-EDTA, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate), 4) washing cycle (5, 10, 15, 20 cycles). The fabric was washed for 15 minutes at $23\pm1^{\circ}C$ in a washing machine (Model; Gold Star Wp-2005) under the similar conditions with those of home laundering, and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was determined by the EDTA-Back titration method described by Wasserman and Basch. Results of this study were follows: 1) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric increased with increasing wash cycles. 2) During the rinsing process, residual calcium content on the fabric increased with water content in the fabric after hydroextraction. 3) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric decreased with the increasing soap concentration above the equivalent amount of calcium ion content in the water. 4) Sequestering agents and alkaline builders influenced the amount of calcium deposits on the fabric. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was in the order of sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, nonbuilder, and EDTA.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.445-451
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• 1989

$Er_{1-x}Sr_xFeO_{3-y}(0.0{\leq}X{\leq}1.0)$계의 고용체들을 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 동안 가열하여 합성하였다. X-선 회절분석을 통하여 x = $0.0{\sim}0.6$의 조성은 사방정계이고 x = 0.8 및 1.0은 입방정계의 결정구조라는 것을 알았으며 Sr의 양이 증가할수록 격자체적이 증가하였다. 본 철산화물계에서 두 종류의 철이온의 혼합원자가 상태는 모어염 적정법으로 분석하였다. x = 0.0과 0.5조성의 상온에서 측정한 Mossbauer 분광분석은 자기모멘트의 정렬에 의한 미세자기장 분열을 보이고 고용체 내에 팔면체와 사면체 배위된 철이온이 존재하는 것을 지적하고 있다. 전기전도도 측정으로부터 본 시료들의 전기전도가 팔면체 자리의 철이온 간을 건너뛰는 메카니즘이라는 것을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.2303-2308
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• 2009

A thiocyanate poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on [1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]dihalopalladium( II), [(dppe)$PdX_2$, X = Cl ($L^1$), X = I ($L^2$)] as active sensor has been developed. The diiodopalladium complex, [(dppe)$PdI_2](L^2$) displays an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence: $SCN^-\;>\;I^-\;>\;{ClO_4}^-\;>\;Sal^-\;>\;Br^-\;>\;{NO_2}^-\;>\;{HPO_4}^-\;>\;AcO^-\;>\;{NO_3}^-\;>\;{H_2PO_4}^-\;>\;{CO_3}^{2-}$. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response (-59.8 mV/decade) over a wide linear concentration range of thiocyanate ($(1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-1}\;to\;5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ M), low detection limit ($(1.1\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ M), fast response $(t_{90%}$ = 24 s), and applicability over a wide pH range (3.5∼11). Addition of anionic sites, potassium tetrakis[p-chlorophenyl] borate (KTpClPB) is shown to improve potentiometric anion selectivity, suggesting that the palladium complex may operate as a partially charged carrier-type ionophore within the polymer membrane phase. The reaction mechanism is discussed with respect to UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. Application of the electrode to the potentiometric titration of thiocyanate ion with silver nitrate is reported.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1153-1159
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• 2013

A novel solid-contact indium(III)-selective sensor based on bis-(1H-benzimidazole-5-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-1-pyridinyl) 2-methyl]) thiosulfinate, known as an omeprazole dimer (OD) and a neutral ionophore, was constructed, and its performance characteristics were evaluated. The sensor was prepared by applying a membrane cocktail containing the ionophore to a graphite rod pre-coated with polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) conducting polymer as the ion-to-electron transducer. The membrane contained 3.6% OD, 2.3% oleic acid (OA) and 62% dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the solvent mediator in PVC and produced a good potentiometric response to indium(III) ions with a Nernstian slope of 19.09 mV/decade. The constructed sensor possessed a linear concentration range from $3{\times}10^{-7}$ to $1{\times}10^{-2}$ M and a lower detection limit (LDL) of $1{\times}10^{-7}$ M indium(III) over a pH range of 4.0-7.0. It also displayed a fast response time and good selectivity for indium(III) over several other ions. The sensor can be used for longer than three months without any considerable divergence in potential. The sensor was utilized for direct and flow injection potentiometric (FIP) determination of indium(III) in alloys. The parameters that control the flow injection method were optimized. Indium(III) was quantitatively recovered, and the results agreed with those obtained using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, as confirmed by the f and t values. The sensor was also utilized as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of fluoride in the presence of chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate ions using indium(III) nitrate as the titrant.