• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.71-74
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• 1965

Reduction of Ti(Ⅳ)-oxalate complex on dropping mercury electrode has been studied as a function of oxalate concentration and of pH varied with HCl. Assuming there are equilibrium $TiO(C_2O_4)_2= \;+\;2H^+\;=\;Ti^{+4}\;+\;2C_2O_4\;=\;+\;H_2O,\;K_4$ in addition to $TiO(C_2O_4)_2\;^=\;=\;TiO^{++}\;+\;2C_2O_4=\;K_2\;Ti(C_2O_4)_2\;^-\;=\;Ti^{+3}\;+\;2C_2O_4=\;K_3$ in the system cathodic wave has been well explained for that pH is higher than 0.5. The equilibrium constants $K_2,\;K_3$ and $K_4$ have been to be $2{\times}10^{-12},\;5{\times}10^{-13}$ and $10^{-11}$, respectively. The reduction of Ti(Ⅳ)-oxalate system is $Ti^{+4}\;+\;e\;{\to}\;Ti^{+3}$ in the concentration of hydrochloric acid, higher than 3M.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 $850^{\circ}C$의 $CaCl_2$ 용융염계에서 전해환원공정을 통해 $TiO_2$로부터 금속티타늄을 제조하였다. Ni-$TiO_2$ 조합전극을 환원전극으로 그라파이트를 산화전극으로 사용하였으며, 셀전위를 제어하면서 $TiO_2$의 전해환원 특성을 관찰하였다. XRD 분석을 통해 $TiO_2$가 $CaTiO_3$, $Ti_2O$, $Ti_6O$와 같은 다양한 반응 중간생성물을 거쳐 Ti 스폰지로 환원되는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 SEM 분석을 통해 $TiO_2$ 전해환원 반응동안 펠렛의 바깥표면부터 환원반응이 시작되어 펠렛중심으로 진행이 되는 것이 확인되었다. 전해환원 반응도중 환원된 티타늄금속은 초기에는 다공성 스폰지 구조를 보이나 고온에서 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 소결에 의해 수축되어 다공성 구조가 사라지는 현상을 보였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권9호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2009

Titanium/aluminum/stainless steel(Ti/Al/STS) clad materials have received much attention due to their high specific strength and corrosion-resisting properties. However, it is difficult to fabricate these materials, because titanium oxide is easily formed on the titanium surface during heat treatment. The aim of the present study is to derive optimized cladding conditions and thereupon obtain the stable quality of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Ti sheets were prepared with and without pre-heat treatment and Ti/Al/STS clad materials were then fabricated by cold rolling and a post-heat treatment process. Microstructure of the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and an Energy Dispersed X-ray Analyser(EDX) in order to investigate the effects of Ti pre-heat treatment on the bond properties of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Diffusion bonding was observed at both the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces. The bonding force of the clad material with non-heat treated Ti was higher than that with pre-heat treated Ti before the cladding process. The bonding force decreased rapidly beyond $400^{\circ}C$, because the formed Ti oxide inhibited the joining process between Ti and Al. Bonding forces of STS/Al were lower than those of Ti/Al, because brittle $Fe_3Al$, $Al_3Fe$ intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface of STS/Al during the cladding process. In addition, delamination of the clad material with pre-heat treated Ti was observed at the Ti/Al interface after a cupping test.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2005

Titanium dioxide was prepared by Polymer Complex Solution Method(PCSM) according to the mole ratio of Titanium (IV) isopropoxide(TTIP)/solvent and polymer(Poly Ethylene Glycol). Polymer electrolytes were usually made by dispersing preproduced ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. Using this method, pure and nano-sized $TiO_2$ powder was synthesized through a simple procedure and polymer entrapment route. At the optimum amount of the polymer, the titanium ions are dispersed in solution and a homogeneous polymeric network is formed. The maximum intensity of anatase phase of $TiO_2$ was achieved by calcining at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2h. The synthesized $TiO_2$ powders were nano-sized and the average size was about 50nm. Anatase/Rutile ratio of the synthesized $TiO_2$ was 70%/30%.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2015

티타늄 합금은 고온 추진체의 부품에 사용될 경우, 고온의 화염에서 순간적으로 노출될 수 있음으로, 고온의 화염하에서의 내산화특성을 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Ti64 합금 (Ti-6%Al-4%V) 및 코팅된 Ti64 합금을 고온화염하에서 산화손상 및 내산화 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. Ti64 합금의 코팅은 알루미늄 확산코팅법을 사용하여 코팅을 수행하였다. 표면에 알루미나이드층이 코팅되지 않은 Ti64 합금은 고온의 화염 노출시에 표면 박리현상이 발생하였으나, 코팅된 시험편은 표면박리현상이 나타나지 않았고 알루미나이드 층의 산화물 생성으로 인하여 표면이 보호됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 화염노출시 코팅층의 역할을 고찰하기 위하여 코팅층을 분석하였으며, 조직의 변화를 고찰하고 논의하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.721-729
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• 1991

SnO2-TiO2(Pt or Pd), as raw material for hydrocarbon gas sensors, was prepared by a coprecipitation method. The SnO2-TiO2-based thick film gas sensors were made by screen printing technique. The titanium dioxide synthesized was shown to be anatase structure from XRD peaks and was transformed to rutile structure between 700$^{\circ}C$ and 1000$^{\circ}C$. Titanium dioxide in SnO2-TiO2 thick films devices plays a very important role in the enhancement of the sensitivity to CH4 and C4H10. In the case of SnO2-TiO2(Pt) sensors, titanium dioxide that was rutile structure enhanced the sensitivity of the thick film to CH4. Platinum added to the raw powder at coprecipitation (as chloroplatinic acid VI hydrate) improved the gas sensitivity to hydrocarbon gases. Therefore, it is expected that the SnO2-TiO2(Pt) thick film sensors fabricated in this experiment could be put into practical use as LPG (primary component : C4H10 and C3H8) and LNG (primary component : CH4) sensors.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2019

In the present study, rutile phase titanium dioxide nanoparticles ($R-TiO_2$ NPs) were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in an aqueous solution followed by calcination at $900^{\circ}C$. The composition of $R-TiO_2$ NPs was determined by the analysis of X-ray diffraction data, and the characteristic features of $R-TiO_2$ NPs such as the surface functional group, particle size, shape, surface topography, and morphological behavior were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. The average size of the prepared $R-TiO_2$ NPs was 76 nm, the surface area was $19m^2/g$, zeta potential was -20.8 mV, and average hydrodynamic diameter in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-$H_2O$ solution was 550 nm. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphological observations revealed that $R-TiO_2$ NPs were cytocompatible with oral cancer cells, with no inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. This suggests the efficacy of $R-TiO_2$ NPs for the aesthetic white pigmentation of teeth.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

Titanium oxide ($TiO_2$) films are deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate in an $Ar/O_2$ atmosphere by using reactive RF (Radio Frequency) magnetron sputtering technique, and Electrochromic properties and durability of $TiO_2$ films deposited at different preparation conditions are investigated by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry Li+ interalation/deintercalation in $TiO_2$ films shows that the electrochromic properties and durability of as-deposited films strongly depend on gas pressure $TiO_2$ films formed in our sputtering conditions are found to remain transparent, irrespective of their Li+ ion contents. The optimum sputtering conditions for film as passive counter electrode in electrochromic devices are working pressure of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;torr$ and oxygen flow raes of $10{\sim}15\;sccm$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1998

$Al_2O_3$-TiC composites were prepared from aluminum, titanium oxide, and carbon fibers by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS). After the SHS reaction, the TiC phase in the sample was found either fibrous or non-fibrous shape. The fraction of the fibrous TiC phase varied with the amount of $Al_2O_3$ diluent addition. The optimum amount of diluent to make fibrous carbide was determined to be 30%. The fibers were hollow inside and made of multiple grains with a composition of titanium carbide. The hollow fiber formation mechanism was suggested and discussed. The synthesized powders were consolidated to dense composites by hot pressing at $1750^{\circ}C$ under 30 MPa.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine a proper amount of addition and a proper point for addition of titanium dioxide for the manufacture of E0 type of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF). The reduction of free formaldehyde from UF resin treated particle board was also investigated. $TiO_2$ content was 0.5%, 1% and 3% on the dry basis of UF resin. UV light was used to initiate reaction. The results of this study are as follows: 1. During UF resin manufacturing process, the second adding step of urea was proper point for $TiO_2$ addition. 2. 1 % addition of $TiO_2$ gave good values for the Eo type urea-formaldehyde resin. 3. There was no significant difference between physical properties of particle board, but the higher the adding content of titanium dioxide resulted in the lower the mechanical properties.