• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe and quantify the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in the gingival tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Twelve patients with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis (Group 3), twelve patients with chronic periodontitis (Group 2), and twelve healthy individuals (Group 1) were included in the study. Clinical criteria of gingival (sulcus bleeding index value, probing depths) and radiographic evidences of bone resorption were divided into three groups. The concentrations of cytokines were determined by a western blot analysis and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Results: The expression levels of IFN-$\gamma$ and TIMP-2 showed an increasing tendency in Groups 2 and 3 when compared to Group 1. On the other hand, the expression of IL-4 was highest in Group 1. Conclusions: The findings suggest that IFN-$\gamma$ and TIMP-2 may be involved in the periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM. IL-4 may be involved in the retrogression of the periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

One cervical cancer cell line, C9, carrying human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) genes that is one of the major etiologic concoviruses for cervical cancer was characterized. This cell line was further characterized for its capacity related to the epithelial cell proliferation, stratification and differentiation in reconstituted artificial epithelial tissue. The in vitro construction of three dimensional artificial cervical opithelial tissue has been engineered using C9 epithelial cancer cells, human foreskin fibroblasts and a matrix made of type I collagen by organotypic culture of epithelial cells. The morphology of paraffin embedded artificial tissue was examined by histochemical staining. The artificial epithelial tissues were well developed having multilayer. However, the tissue morphology was similar to the cervical tissus having displasia induced by HPV infection. The characteristics of the artificial tissues were examined by determinining the expression of specific marker proteins. In the C9 derived artificial tissues, the expression of EGF receptor, as epithelial proliferation marker proteins for stratum basale was observed up to the stratum spinosum. Another epithelial proliferation marker for stratum spinosum, cytokerations 5/6/18, were observed well over the stratum spinosum. For the differentiation markers, the expression of involucrin and filaggrin were observed while the terminal differentiation marker, cytokeratins 10/13 was not detected at all. Therefore the reconstituted artificial epithelial tissues expressed the same types of differentiation marker proteins that are expressed in normal human cervical epithelial tissues but lacked the final differentiation capacity representing characteristics of C9 cell line as a cancer tissue devived cell line. Expression of HPV18 E6 oncoprotein was also observed in this artifical cervical opithelial tissue though the intensity of the staining was weak. Thus this artificial epithelial tissue could be used as a useful model system to examine the relationship between HPV-induced cervical oncogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to regenerate human dental pulp tissues similar to native pulp tissues. Using the mixture of type I collagen solution, primary cells collected from the different tissues (pulp, gingiva, and skin) and NIH 3T3 ($1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5{\;}cells/ml/well$) were cultured at 12-well plate at $37^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. Standardized photographs were taken with digital camera during 14 days and the diameter of the contracted collagen gel matrix was measured and statistically analyzed with student t-test. As one of the pulp tissue engineering, normal human dental pulp tissue and collagen gel matrix cultured with dental pulp cells for 14 days were fixed and stained with Hematoxyline & Eosin. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. The contraction of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days was significantly higher than other fibroblasts (gingiva, skin) (p < 0.05), 2. The diameter of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells was reduced to 70.4% after 7 days, and 57.1% after 14 days. 3. The collagen gel without any cells did not contract, whereas the collagen gel cultured with gingiva and skin showed mild contraction after 14 days (88.1% and 87.6% respectively). 4. The contraction of the collagen gel cultured with NIH 3T3 cells after 14 days was higher than those cultured with gingival and skin fibroblasts, but it was not statistically significant (72.1%, p > 0.05). 5. The collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days showed similar shape with native pulp tissue without blood vessels. This approach may provide a means of engineering a variety of other oral tissue as well and these cell behaviors may provide information needed to establish pulp tissue engineering protocols.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.605-621
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• 1993

The gingival hyperplasia refers to an increase in the size of the gingival tissue produced by an increase in the number of its component cells. In order to investigate the cellular change in epithelium and subepithelial tissue of noninflammatory gingival hyperplasia, the gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients with dilantin gingival hyperplasia and idiopathic gingival hyperplasia. The excised tissue samples were fixed in neutral formalin for 6-24 hours, embedded with paraffin, sectioned at $4-6{\mu}m$ in thickness, mounted on glass slides coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) and immunocytochemically processed by Avidin-Biotin peroxidase complex method for detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen, tenascin and collagen type IV. Monoclonal mouse anti-human PCNA antibody(Oncogene Science, Uniondale, NY, U.S.A., 1 : 250,000), monoclonal mouse anti-human tenascin antibody(Chemicon-International Inc., Temecula, CA, U.S.A., 1:5,000), and monoclonal mouse anti-human collagen type IV(Dakopatts, Glostrup, Denmark, 1: 50) were used as primary antibodies. The results were as follows: 1. In non-inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, the positive reaction to proliferating cell nuclear antigen was localized in the basal cell layer of gingival epithelium and well-developed rete pegs. 2. The positive reaction to tenascin was shown in the connective tissue subjacent to basament membrane of gingival tissue, and especially strong positive reaction was noted in the tip portion of connective tissue projections. 3. The positive reaction to collagen type IV was localized along the basement membranes of gingival epithelium and blood vessels. The results suggest that connective tissue enlargement may affect the proliferation of gingival epithelium.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

본 연구는 주제인 폴리우레탄(polyurethane, PU)과 새로운 형태의 n-type 산란재를 사용하여 합성한 조직모사물질(tissue mimicking materials : TMM)에 대해 국제표준규격 IEC 60601-2-37(2007)의 Annex D.D가 권고한 인체 연조직(soft tissue)의 음향학적 특성 기준에 준해, 전파속도, 임피던스, 감쇠계수 특성 등을 분석하였으며, 영상특성은 SONOACE 9900C PRIME(MEDESON Co.), 3.5 MHz 컨벡스 프로브(2.5-5.0 MHz)로 초음파 휘도와 최대투과심도를 분석 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 주제인 prepolymer와 polyol mixture를 혼합하고 n-type 산란재를 0~8%로 점차 증가하여 합성하였을 때, 1. 조직모사물질의 전파속도는 산란재가 증가할수록 연조직에 더 가깝게 수렴(convergence)하였다. 2. 음향임피던스는 산란재가 감소할수록 연조직에 더 가깝게 수렴하였다. 3. 감쇠계수는 산란재가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 4. 영상 평균휘도는 산란재가 증가할수록 증가하였으나 역치가 있었다. 5. 최대투과심도는 산란재 6% 조직모사물질에서 연조직에 가깝게 수렴하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

모발분석(TMA: Tissue Mineral Analysis)은 머리카락 속에 있는 30여 가지의 미네랄과 8가지의 중금속의 양과 중요 미네랄 비율을 분석하여 체내에 과잉, 결핍 및 불균형 상태를 평가할 뿐만 아니라 체내에서 미네랄들의 상호연관 관계를 평가하여 건강을 유지하는 방향을 제시하는 모발조직 경사방법을 말한다. 현재 세계 46개국 의료기관에서 임상을 위해 널리 사용중이나 국내에는 아직 인지도가 낮아 널리 활용되지 못하고 있으나 점차로 국내 대학병원을 중심으로 필요성을 인식하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국티이아이로 부터 제공받은 1,000명의 사례자료를 이용하여 8가지 대사형 (Metabolic Type)을 결정 트리분류기로 분류하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

The endometrium undergoes a cyclic growth and tissue remodeling as changes of epithelial cells, and plasminogen activators (PAs) are related to endometrium tissue remodeling. This study was to evulate expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in porcine uterine epithelial cells. In results, the uPA and tPA were expressed in uterine tissue, epithelium and secretory glands in porcine endometrial cell. In addition, the uPA and tPA were expressed in cultured epithelial cells, and it were mainly expressed in cytoplasm. In porcine uterine tissue and epithelial cells, uPA activity was higher than activity in tPA. In PAs mRNA expression levels, uPA mRNA level was significantly higher than tPA mRNA level (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of uPA protein was also higher than fluorescence intensity of tPA protein, and uPA protein expression was significantly higher than in tPA protein expression (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that a physiological function in porcine uterine epithelial cells should be more influenced by uPA than in tPA during pre-ovulatory phase.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.100031.1-100031.13
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• 2024

It is now well-accepted that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key source of the inflammation is the murine epididymal and human visceral adipose tissue. The current paradigm is that obesity activates multiple proinflammatory immune cell types in adipose tissue, including adipose-tissue macrophages (ATMs), T Helper 1 (Th1) T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while concomitantly suppressing anti-inflammatory immune cells such as T Helper 2 (Th2) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). A key feature of the current paradigm is that obesity induces the anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs in lean adipose tissue to polarize into proinflammatory M1 ATMs. However, recent single-cell transcriptomics studies suggest that the story is much more complex. Here we describe the single-cell genomics technologies that have been developed recently and the emerging results from studies using these technologies. While further studies are needed, it is clear that ATMs are highly heterogeneous. Moreover, while a variety of ATM clusters with quite distinct features have been found to be expanded by obesity, none truly resemble classical M1 ATMs. It is likely that single-cell transcriptomics technology will further revolutionize the field, thereby promoting our understanding of ATMs, adipose-tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance and accelerating the development of therapies for type 2 diabetes.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.226-237
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• 2004

Purpose: Four finite element models were constructed in the mandible having a single implant fixture connected to the first premolar-shaped superstructure, in order to evaluate how the shape of the fixture and the implant-abutment connection would influence the stress level of the supporting tissues fixtures, and prosthethic components. Material and methods : The superstructures were constructed using UCLA type abutment, ADA type III gold alloy was used to fabricate a crown and then connected to the fixture with an abutment screw. The models BRA, END , FRI, ITI were constructed from the mandible implanted with Branemark, Endopore, Frialit-2, I.T.I. systems respectively. In each model, 150 N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 150 N of $40^{\circ}$ oblique load was placed on the buccal cusp. The displacement and stress distribution in the supporting tissues and the other components were analysed using a 2-dimensional finite element analysis . The maximum stress in each reference area was compared. Results : 1. Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, the maximum stress was larger in the implant, superstructure and supporting tissue, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. 2. In the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 3. In the superstructure and implant/abutment interface, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 4. In the implant fixture, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 5 The stress was more evenly distributed in the bone/implant interface through the FRI of trapezoidal step design. Especially Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, The maximum stress was smallest in the bone/implant interface. 6. In the implant and superstructure and supporting tissue, the maximum stress occured at the crown loading point through the ITI. Conclusion: The stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by shape of a fixture and implant-abutment connection. The magnitude of maximum stress was reduced with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) in the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue. Trapezoidal step design of FRI showed evenly distributed the stress at the bone/implant interface.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and quantify the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14, and tissue inhibitor of metalioproteinases (TIMP)-2 in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis accompanied with inflammatory reaction related to alveolar bone resorption with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Twelve patients with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis (group 3), twelve patients with chronic periodontitis (group 2), and twelve healthy individuals (group 1) were included in the study. Gingival tissue biopsies were collected from each patient and from healthy individuals at the time of periodontal surgery (including surgical crown lengthening) or tooth extraction. The concentrations of cytokines were determined by a western blot analysis. Results: The expression levels of CRP and MMP-14 increased in group 2 and 3, and they were highest in group 3. The expressions of TIMP-2 also increased in group 2 and 3. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the expression levels of CRP, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 might be inflammatory markers in periodontal inflamed tissue. It can be assumed that CRP, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 may be partly involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2 DM.